# Monitoring Amazon RDS databases with CloudWatch Database Insights Monitor the database load (DB Load) for your fleet of Amazon RDS DB instances with Database Insights. DB Load measures the level of session activity in your database. You can use Database Insights to analyze and troubleshoot the performance of your Amazon RDS databases at scale. With Database Insights, you can visualize the DB Load on your fleet of databases and filter the load by waits, SQL statements, hosts, or users. By default, RDS enables the Standard mode of Database Insights for your Amazon RDS databases. For information about using Database Insights in the Amazon CloudWatch console, see [CloudWatch Database Insights](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/Database-Insights.html) in the *Amazon CloudWatch User Guide*. ## Pricing For information about pricing, see [Amazon CloudWatch Pricing](https://aws.amazon.com/cloudwatch/pricing/). **Topics** + [ ## Pricing ](#USER_Database-Insights-pricing) + [ # Amazon RDS DB engine, Region, and instance class support for Database Insights ](USER_DatabaseInsights.Engines.md) + [ # Turning on the Advanced mode of Database Insights for Amazon RDS ](USER_DatabaseInsights.TurningOnAdvanced.md) + [ # Turning on the Standard mode of Database Insights for Amazon RDS ](USER_DatabaseInsights.TurningOnStandard.md) + [ # Configuring your database to monitor slow SQL queries with Database Insights for Amazon RDS ](USER_DatabaseInsights.SlowSQL.md) + [ # Considerations for Database Insights for Amazon RDS ](USER_DatabaseInsights.Considerations.md) # Amazon RDS DB engine, Region, and instance class support for Database Insights The following table provides Amazon RDS DB engines that support Database Insights. | Amazon RDS DB engine | Supported engine versions and Regions | Instance class restrictions | | --- | --- | --- | | Amazon RDS for MariaDB | For more information on version and Region availability of Database Insights with RDS for MariaDB, see [Supported Regions and DB engines for Performance Insights in Amazon RDS](Concepts.RDS_Fea_Regions_DB-eng.Feature.PerformanceInsights.md). | Database Insights isn't supported for the following instance classes: [\[See the AWS documentation website for more details\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_DatabaseInsights.Engines.html) | | RDS for MySQL | For more information on version and Region availability of Database Insights with RDS for MySQL, see [Supported Regions and DB engines for Performance Insights in Amazon RDS](Concepts.RDS_Fea_Regions_DB-eng.Feature.PerformanceInsights.md). | Database Insights isn't supported for the following instance classes: [\[See the AWS documentation website for more details\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_DatabaseInsights.Engines.html) | | Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server | For more information on version and Region availability of Database Insights with RDS for SQL Server, see [Supported Regions and DB engines for Performance Insights in Amazon RDS](Concepts.RDS_Fea_Regions_DB-eng.Feature.PerformanceInsights.md). | N/A | | Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL | For more information on version and Region availability of Database Insights with RDS for PostgreSQL, see [Supported Regions and DB engines for Performance Insights in Amazon RDS](Concepts.RDS_Fea_Regions_DB-eng.Feature.PerformanceInsights.md). | N/A | | Amazon RDS for Oracle | For more information on version and Region availability of Database Insights with RDS for Oracle, see [Supported Regions and DB engines for Performance Insights in Amazon RDS](Concepts.RDS_Fea_Regions_DB-eng.Feature.PerformanceInsights.md). | N/A | ## Amazon RDS DB engine, Region, and instance class support for Database Insights features The following table provides Amazon RDS DB engines that support Database Insights features. | Feature | [Pricing tier](https://aws.amazon.com/rds/performance-insights/pricing/) | [Supported regions](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Concepts.RegionsAndAvailabilityZones.html#Concepts.RegionsAndAvailabilityZones.Regions) | [ Supported DB engines](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Welcome.html#Welcome.Concepts.DBInstance) | [Supported instance classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Concepts.DBInstanceClass.html#Concepts.DBInstanceClass.Types) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [SQL statistics for Performance Insights](sql-statistics.md) | All | All | All | All | | [Analyzing Oracle execution plans using the Performance Insights dashboard for Amazon RDS](USER_PerfInsights.UsingDashboard.AccessPlans.md) | All | All | RDS for Oracle | All | | [Analyzing database performance for a period of time](USER_PerfInsights.UsingDashboard.AnalyzePerformanceTimePeriod.md) | Paid tier only | All | [\[See the AWS documentation website for more details\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_DatabaseInsights.Engines.html) | All | | [Viewing Performance Insights proactive recommendations](USER_PerfInsights.InsightsRecommendationViewDetails.md) | Paid tier only | [\[See the AWS documentation website for more details\]](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_DatabaseInsights.Engines.html) | All | All | ## Amazon RDS Region support for Database Insights Amazon RDS supports Database Insights in the following AWS Regions. + US East (N. Virginia) + US East (Ohio) + US West (N. California) + US West (Oregon) + Africa (Cape Town) + Asia Pacific (Hong Kong) + Asia Pacific (Hyderabad) + Asia Pacific (Jakarta) + Asia Pacific (Malaysia) + Asia Pacific (Melbourne) + Asia Pacific (Mumbai) + Asia Pacific (Osaka) + Asia Pacific (Seoul) + Asia Pacific (Singapore) + Asia Pacific (Sydney) + Asia Pacific (Tokyo) + Canada (Central) + Canada West (Calgary) + Europe (Frankfurt) + Europe (Ireland) + Europe (London) + Europe (Milan) + Europe (Paris) + Europe (Spain) + Europe (Stockholm) + Europe (Zurich) + Israel (Tel Aviv) + Middle East (Bahrain) + Middle East (UAE) + South America (São Paulo) + AWS GovCloud (US-East) + AWS GovCloud (US-West) # Turning on the Advanced mode of Database Insights for Amazon RDS To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights for Amazon RDS, use the following procedures. ## Turning on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when creating a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster Turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when creating a database for Amazon RDS. ------ #### [ Console ] In the console, you can turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when you create a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster. **To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when creating a DB instance or Multi-AZDB cluster using the console** 1. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the Amazon RDS console at [https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/](https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/). 1. Choose **Databases**. 1. Choose **Create database**. 1. In the **Database Insights** section, select **Advanced mode**. Then, choose the following options: + **Retention** – The amount of time to retain Performance Insights data. The retention period must be 15 months for the Advanced mode of Database Insights. + **AWS KMS key** – Specify your KMS key. Performance Insights encrypts all potentially sensitive data using your KMS key. Data is encrypted in flight and at rest. For more information, see [Encrypting Amazon RDS resources](Overview.Encryption.md). 1. Choose **Create database**. ------ #### [ AWS CLI ] To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when creating a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster, call the [create-db-instance](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/rds/create-db-instance.html) or [create-db-cluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/rds/create-db-cluster.html) AWS CLI command and supply the following values: + `--database-insights-mode advanced` to turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights. + `--engine` – The database engine for the DB instance. + `--db-instance-identifier` – The identifier for the DB instance or `--db-cluster-identifier` – The identifier for the Multi-AZ DB cluster. + `--enable-performance-insights` to turn on Performance Insights for Database Insights. + `--performance-insights-retention-period` – The retention period for data for your DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster. To turn on Database Insights, the retention period must be at least 465 days. The following example enables the Advanced mode of Database Insights when creating a DB instance. For Linux, macOS, or Unix: ``` aws rds create-db-instance \ --database-insights-mode advanced \ --engine postgresql \ --db-instance-identifier sample-db-identifier \ --enable-performance-insights \ --performance-insights-retention-period 465 ``` For Windows: ``` aws rds create-db-instance ^ --database-insights-mode advanced ^ --engine postgresql ^ --db-instance-identifier sample-db-identifier ^ --enable-performance-insights ^ --performance-insights-retention-period 465 ``` ------ #### [ RDS API ] To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when you create a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster, specify the following parameters for your [CreateDBInstance](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/APIReference/API_CreateDBInstance.html) or [CreateDBCluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/APIReference/API_CreateDBCluster.html) Amazon RDS API operation. + `DatabaseInsightsMode` to `advanced` + `EnablePerformanceInsights` to `True` + `PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod` to at least 465 days ------ ## Turning on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster Turn on Database Insights when modifying a database for Amazon RDS. Modifying a DB instance to enable the Advanced mode of Database Insights doesn't cause downtime. **Note** To enable Database Insights, each DB instance in a Multi-AZ DB cluster must have the same Performance Insights and Enhanced Monitoring settings. ------ #### [ Console ] In the console, you can turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when you modify a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster. **To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB instance or Multi-AZDB cluster using the console** 1. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the Amazon RDS console at [https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/](https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/). 1. Choose **Databases**. 1. Choose a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster, and choose **Modify**. 1. In the **Database Insights** section, select **Advanced mode**. Then, choose the following options: + **Retention** – The amount of time to retain Performance Insights data. The retention period must be 15 months for the Advanced mode of Database Insights. + **AWS KMS key** – Specify your KMS key. Performance Insights encrypts all potentially sensitive data using your KMS key. Data is encrypted in flight and at rest. For more information, see [Encrypting Amazon RDS resources](Overview.Encryption.md). 1. Choose **Continue**. 1. For **Scheduling of Modifications**, choose **Apply immediately**. If you choose **Apply during the next scheduled maintenance window**, your database ignores this setting and turns on the Advanced mode of Database Insights immediately. 1. Choose **Modify instance**. ------ #### [ AWS CLI ] To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster, call the [modify-db-instance](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/rds/modify-db-instance.html) or [modify-db-cluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/rds/modify-db-cluster.html) AWS CLI command and supply the following values: + `--database-insights-mode advanced` to turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights. + `--db-instance-identifier` – The identifier for the DB instance or `--db-cluster-identifier` – The identifier for the Multi-AZ DB cluster. + `--enable-performance-insights` to turn on Performance Insights for Database Insights. + `--performance-insights-retention-period` – The retention period for data for your DB instance. To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights, the retention period must be at least 465 days. The following example enables the Advanced mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB instance. For Linux, macOS, or Unix: ``` aws rds modify-db-instance \ --database-insights-mode advanced \ --db-instance-identifier sample-db-identifier \ --enable-performance-insights \ --performance-insights-retention-period 465 ``` For Windows: ``` aws rds modify-db-instance ^ --database-insights-mode advanced ^ --db-instance-identifier sample-db-identifier ^ --enable-performance-insights ^ --performance-insights-retention-period 465 ``` ------ #### [ RDS API ] To turn on the Advanced mode of Database Insights when you modify a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster, specify the following parameters for your [ModifyDBInstance](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/APIReference/API_ModifyDBInstance.html) or [ModifyDBCluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/APIReference/API_ModifyDBCluster.html) Amazon RDS API operation. + `DatabaseInsightsMode` to `advanced` + `EnablePerformanceInsights` to `True` + `PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod` to at least 465 days ------ # Turning on the Standard mode of Database Insights for Amazon RDS To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights for Amazon RDS, use the following procedures. ## Turning on the Standard mode of Database Insights when creating a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster Turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when creating a database for Amazon RDS. ------ #### [ Console ] In the console, you can turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when you create a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster. **To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when creating a DB instance or Multi-AZDB cluster using the console** 1. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the Amazon RDS console at [https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/](https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/). 1. Choose **Databases**. 1. Choose **Create database**. 1. In the **Database Insights** section, select **Standard mode**. Then, choose from the following options to turn Performance Insights on or off: + To turn off Performance Insights, deselect **Enable Performance Insights**. + To turn on Performance Insights, select **Enable Performance Insights**. To configure Performance Insights, specify the following options: + **Retention** – The amount of time to retain Performance Insights data. The retention period must be at least 7 days. + **AWS KMS key** – Specify your KMS key. Performance Insights encrypts all potentially sensitive data using your KMS key. Data is encrypted in flight and at rest. For more information, see [Encrypting Amazon RDS resources](Overview.Encryption.md). 1. Choose **Create database**. ------ #### [ AWS CLI ] To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when creating a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster, call the [create-db-instance](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/rds/create-db-instance.html) or [create-db-cluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/rds/create-db-cluster.html) AWS CLI command and supply the following values: + `--database-insights-mode standard` to turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights. + `--engine` – The database engine for the DB instance. + `--db-instance-identifier` – The identifier for the DB instance or `--db-cluster-identifier` – The identifier for the Multi-AZ DB cluster. + `--enable-performance-insights` or `--no-enable-performance-insights` to turn Performance Insights on or off. If you specify `--enable-performance-insights`, you must also specify the `--performance-insights-retention-period` – The retention period for data for your DB instance. The retention period must be at least 7 days. The following example enables the Standard mode of Database Insights and Performance Insights when creating a DB instance. For Linux, macOS, or Unix: ``` aws rds create-db-instance \ --database-insights-mode standard \ --engine postgresql \ --db-instance-identifier sample-db-identifier \ --enable-performance-insights \ --performance-insights-retention-period 7 ``` For Windows: ``` aws rds create-db-instance ^ --database-insights-mode standard ^ --engine postgresql ^ --db-instance-identifier sample-db-identifier ^ --enable-performance-insights ^ --performance-insights-retention-period 7 ``` The following example enables the Standard mode of Database Insights and disables Performance Insights when creating a DB instance. For Linux, macOS, or Unix: ``` aws rds create-db-instance \ --database-insights-mode standard \ --engine postgresql \ --db-instance-identifier sample-db-identifier \ --no-enable-performance-insights ``` For Windows: ``` aws rds create-db-instance ^ --database-insights-mode standard ^ --engine postgresql ^ --db-instance-identifier sample-db-identifier ^ --no-enable-performance-insights ``` ------ #### [ RDS API ] To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when you create a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster, specify the following parameters for your [CreateDBInstance](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/APIReference/API_CreateDBInstance.html) or [CreateDBCluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/APIReference/API_CreateDBCluster.html) Amazon RDS API operation. + `DatabaseInsightsMode` to `standard` + `EnablePerformanceInsights` to `True` or `False`. If you set `EnablePerformanceInsights` to `True`, you must set `PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod` to at least 7 days. ------ ## Turning on the Standard mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster Turn on Standard mode of Database Insights when modifying a database for Amazon RDS. Modifying a DB instance to enable the Standard mode of Database Insights doesn't cause downtime. **Note** To enable Database Insights, each DB instance in a Multi-AZ DB cluster must have the same Performance Insights and Enhanced Monitoring settings. ------ #### [ Console ] In the console, you can turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when you modify a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster. **To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB instance or Multi-AZDB cluster using the console** 1. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the Amazon RDS console at [https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/](https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/). 1. Choose **Databases**. 1. Choose a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster, and choose **Modify**. 1. In the **Database Insights** section, select **Standard mode**. Then, choose from the following options: + To turn off Performance Insights, deselect **Enable Performance Insights**. + To turn on Performance Insights, select **Enable Performance Insights**. To configure Performance Insights, specify the following options: + **Retention** – The amount of time to retain Performance Insights data. The retention period must be at least 7 days. + **AWS KMS key** – Specify your KMS key. Performance Insights encrypts all potentially sensitive data using your KMS key. Data is encrypted in flight and at rest. For more information, see [Encrypting Amazon RDS resources](Overview.Encryption.md). 1. Choose **Continue**. 1. For **Scheduling of Modifications**, choose **Apply immediately**. If you choose **Apply during the next scheduled maintenance window**, your database ignores this setting and turns on the Standard mode of Database Insights immediately. 1. Choose **Modify instance**. ------ #### [ AWS CLI ] To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when modifying a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster, call the [modify-db-instance](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/rds/modify-db-instance.html) or [modify-db-cluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/rds/modify-db-cluster.html) AWS CLI command and supply the following values: + `--database-insights-mode standard` to turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights. + `--db-instance-identifier` – The identifier for the DB instance or `--db-cluster-identifier` – The identifier for the Multi-AZ DB cluster. + `--enable-performance-insights` or `--no-enable-performance-insights` to turn Performance Insights on or off. If you specify `--enable-performance-insights`, you must also specify the `--performance-insights-retention-period` – The retention period for data for your DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster. The retention period must be at least 7 days. The following example enables the Standard mode of Database Insights and enables Performance Insights when modifying a DB instance. For Linux, macOS, or Unix: ``` aws rds modify-db-instance \ --database-insights-mode standard \ --db-instance-identifier sample-db-identifier \ --enable-performance-insights \ --performance-insights-retention-period 7 ``` For Windows: ``` aws rds modify-db-instance ^ --database-insights-mode standard ^ --db-instance-identifier sample-db-identifier ^ --enable-performance-insights ^ --performance-insights-retention-period 7 ``` The following example enables the Standard mode of Database Insights and disables Performance Insights when modifying a DB instance. For Linux, macOS, or Unix: ``` aws rds modify-db-instance \ --database-insights-mode standard \ --db-instance-identifier sample-db-identifier \ --no-enable-performance-insights ``` For Windows: ``` aws rds modify-db-instance ^ --database-insights-mode standard ^ --db-instance-identifier sample-db-identifier ^ --no-enable-performance-insights ``` ------ #### [ RDS API ] To turn on the Standard mode of Database Insights when you modify a DB instance or Multi-AZ DB cluster, specify the following parameters for your [ModifyDBInstance](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/APIReference/API_ModifyDBInstance.html) or [ModifyDBCluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/APIReference/API_ModifyDBCluster.html) Amazon RDS API operation. + `DatabaseInsightsMode` to `standard` + `EnablePerformanceInsights` to `True` or `False`. If you set `EnablePerformanceInsights` to `True`, you must set `PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod` to at least 7 days. ------ # Configuring your database to monitor slow SQL queries with Database Insights for Amazon RDS To monitor slow SQL queries for your database, you can use the **Slow SQL Queries** section in the Database Insights dashboard. Before configuring your database to monitor slow SQL queries, the **Slow SQL Queries** section is blank. For more information about monitoring slow SQL queries in the Database Insights dashboard, see [Viewing the Database Instance Dashboard for CloudWatch Database Insights](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/Database-Insights-Database-Instance-Dashboard.html) in the *Amazon CloudWatch User Guide*. To configure your database to monitor slow SQL queries with Database Insights, complete the following steps: 1. Enable log exports to CloudWatch Logs. 1. Create or modify the DB parameter group for your DB instance. For information about configuring log exports, see [Publishing database logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_LogAccess.html#USER_LogAccess.Procedural.UploadtoCloudWatch) in the *Amazon RDS User Guide*. To create or modify your DB parameter group, see the following topics. + [Creating a DB parameter group in Amazon RDS](USER_WorkingWithParamGroups.Creating.md) + [Modifying parameters in a DB parameter group in Amazon RDS](USER_WorkingWithParamGroups.Modifying.md) ------ #### [ RDS for MariaDB ] To configure your RDS for MariaDB DB instance to monitor slow SQL queries, you can use the following parameter combination as an example: + `log_slow_query` – set to `1` + `log_slow_query_time` – set to `1.0` + `log_output` – set to `FILE` This is one possible configuration. For a comprehensive guide to MariaDB slow query log parameters and additional configuration options, see the [MariaDB documentation for the slow query log](https://mariadb.com/kb/en/slow-query-log-overview/). ------ #### [ RDS for MySQL ] To configure your RDS for MySQL DB instance to monitor slow SQL queries, you can use the following parameter combination as an example: + `slow_query_log` – set to `1` + `long_query_time` – set to `1.0` + `log_output` – set to `FILE` This is one possible configuration. For a comprehensive guide to MySQL slow query log parameters and additional configuration options, see the [MySQL documentation for the slow query log](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/slow-query-log.html). ------ #### [ RDS for PostgreSQL ] To configure your RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance to monitor slow SQL queries, you can use the following parameter combination as an example. Note that setting these parameters might reduce the performance of your DB instance. + `log_min_duration_statement` – set to `1000` + `log_statement` – set to `none` + `log_destination` – set to `stderr` This is one possible configuration. For a comprehensive guide to PostgreSQL logging parameters and additional configuration options, see the [PostgreSQL documentation for logging configuration](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-logging.html). ------ **Note** For RDS for MySQL, you can configure the parameter `long_query_time` with 1‐microsecond granularity. For example, you can set this parameter to `0.000001`. Depending on the amount of queries on the DB instance, the value of the parameter `long_query_time` can reduce performance. Start with the value `1.0`, and adjust it based on your workload. When you set this parameter to `0`, Database Insights logs all queries. For information about RDS for MariaDB, RDS for MySQL, and RDS for PostgreSQL logs, see the following. + [MariaDB database log files](USER_LogAccess.Concepts.MariaDB.md) + [MySQL database log files](USER_LogAccess.Concepts.MySQL.md) + [ RDS for PostgreSQL database log files](USER_LogAccess.Concepts.PostgreSQL.md) # Considerations for Database Insights for Amazon RDS Following are considerations for Database Insights for Amazon RDS. + You can't manage Database Insights for a DB instance in a Multi-AZ DB cluster. + To enable the Advanced mode of Database Insights, you must enable Performance Insights and set the Performance Insights retention period to at least 465 days (15 months). There is no additional cost to set the Performance Insights retention period to 15 months besides the cost of Database Insights. For information about pricing for Database Insights, see [Amazon CloudWatch Pricing](https://aws.amazon.com/cloudwatch/pricing/). + To enable Database Insights, each DB instance in a Multi-AZ DB cluster must have the same Performance Insights and Enhanced Monitoring settings. + Modifying a DB instance to enable either mode of Database Insights doesn't cause downtime.