# Identity and access management for AWS AppSync AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is an AWS service that helps an administrator securely control access to AWS resources. IAM administrators control who can be *authenticated* (signed in) and *authorized* (have permissions) to use AWS AppSync resources. IAM is an AWS service that you can use with no additional charge. **Topics** + [Audience](#security_iam_audience) + [Authenticating with identities](#security_iam_authentication) + [Managing access using policies](#security_iam_access-manage) + [How AWS AppSync works with IAM](security_iam_service-with-iam.md) + [Identity-based policies for AWS AppSync](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples.md) + [Troubleshooting AWS AppSync identity and access](security_iam_troubleshoot.md) ## Audience How you use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) differs based on your role: + **Service user** - request permissions from your administrator if you cannot access features (see [Troubleshooting AWS AppSync identity and access](security_iam_troubleshoot.md)) + **Service administrator** - determine user access and submit permission requests (see [How AWS AppSync works with IAM](security_iam_service-with-iam.md)) + **IAM administrator** - write policies to manage access (see [Identity-based policies for AWS AppSync](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples.md)) ## Authenticating with identities Authentication is how you sign in to AWS using your identity credentials. You must be authenticated as the AWS account root user, an IAM user, or by assuming an IAM role. You can sign in as a federated identity using credentials from an identity source like AWS IAM Identity Center (IAM Identity Center), single sign-on authentication, or Google/Facebook credentials. For more information about signing in, see [How to sign in to your AWS account](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/signin/latest/userguide/how-to-sign-in.html) in the *AWS Sign-In User Guide*. For programmatic access, AWS provides an SDK and CLI to cryptographically sign requests. For more information, see [AWS Signature Version 4 for API requests](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_sigv.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ### AWS account root user When you create an AWS account, you begin with one sign-in identity called the AWS account *root user* that has complete access to all AWS services and resources. We strongly recommend that you don't use the root user for everyday tasks. For tasks that require root user credentials, see [Tasks that require root user credentials](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_root-user.html#root-user-tasks) in the *IAM User Guide*. ### Federated identity As a best practice, require human users to use federation with an identity provider to access AWS services using temporary credentials. A *federated identity* is a user from your enterprise directory, web identity provider, or Directory Service that accesses AWS services using credentials from an identity source. Federated identities assume roles that provide temporary credentials. For centralized access management, we recommend AWS IAM Identity Center. For more information, see [What is IAM Identity Center?](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/singlesignon/latest/userguide/what-is.html) in the *AWS IAM Identity Center User Guide*. ### IAM users and groups An *[IAM user](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_users.html)* is an identity with specific permissions for a single person or application. We recommend using temporary credentials instead of IAM users with long-term credentials. For more information, see [Require human users to use federation with an identity provider to access AWS using temporary credentials](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/best-practices.html#bp-users-federation-idp) in the *IAM User Guide*. An [https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_groups.html](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_groups.html) specifies a collection of IAM users and makes permissions easier to manage for large sets of users. For more information, see [Use cases for IAM users](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/gs-identities-iam-users.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ### IAM roles An *[IAM role](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles.html)* is an identity with specific permissions that provides temporary credentials. You can assume a role by [switching from a user to an IAM role (console)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_use_switch-role-console.html) or by calling an AWS CLI or AWS API operation. For more information, see [Methods to assume a role](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_manage-assume.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. IAM roles are useful for federated user access, temporary IAM user permissions, cross-account access, cross-service access, and applications running on Amazon EC2. For more information, see [Cross account resource access in IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies-cross-account-resource-access.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Managing access using policies You control access in AWS by creating policies and attaching them to AWS identities or resources. A policy defines permissions when associated with an identity or resource. AWS evaluates these policies when a principal makes a request. Most policies are stored in AWS as JSON documents. For more information about JSON policy documents, see [Overview of JSON policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies.html#access_policies-json) in the *IAM User Guide*. Using policies, administrators specify who has access to what by defining which **principal** can perform **actions** on what **resources**, and under what **conditions**. By default, users and roles have no permissions. An IAM administrator creates IAM policies and adds them to roles, which users can then assume. IAM policies define permissions regardless of the method used to perform the operation. ### Identity-based policies Identity-based policies are JSON permissions policy documents that you attach to an identity (user, group, or role). These policies control what actions identities can perform, on which resources, and under what conditions. To learn how to create an identity-based policy, see [Define custom IAM permissions with customer managed policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_create.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. Identity-based policies can be *inline policies* (embedded directly into a single identity) or *managed policies* (standalone policies attached to multiple identities). To learn how to choose between managed and inline policies, see [Choose between managed policies and inline policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies-choosing-managed-or-inline.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ### Resource-based policies Resource-based policies are JSON policy documents that you attach to a resource. Examples include IAM *role trust policies* and Amazon S3 *bucket policies*. In services that support resource-based policies, service administrators can use them to control access to a specific resource. You must [specify a principal](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_principal.html) in a resource-based policy. Resource-based policies are inline policies that are located in that service. You can't use AWS managed policies from IAM in a resource-based policy. ### Other policy types AWS supports additional policy types that can set the maximum permissions granted by more common policy types: + **Permissions boundaries** – Set the maximum permissions that an identity-based policy can grant to an IAM entity. For more information, see [Permissions boundaries for IAM entities](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_boundaries.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + **Service control policies (SCPs)** – Specify the maximum permissions for an organization or organizational unit in AWS Organizations. For more information, see [Service control policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/organizations/latest/userguide/orgs_manage_policies_scps.html) in the *AWS Organizations User Guide*. + **Resource control policies (RCPs)** – Set the maximum available permissions for resources in your accounts. For more information, see [Resource control policies (RCPs)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/organizations/latest/userguide/orgs_manage_policies_rcps.html) in the *AWS Organizations User Guide*. + **Session policies** – Advanced policies passed as a parameter when creating a temporary session for a role or federated user. For more information, see [Session policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies.html#policies_session) in the *IAM User Guide*. ### Multiple policy types When multiple types of policies apply to a request, the resulting permissions are more complicated to understand. To learn how AWS determines whether to allow a request when multiple policy types are involved, see [Policy evaluation logic](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_evaluation-logic.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. # How AWS AppSync works with IAM Before you use IAM to manage access to AWS AppSync, learn what IAM features are available to use with AWS AppSync. **IAM features that you can use with AWS AppSync** | IAM feature | AWS AppSync support | | --- | --- | | [Identity-based policies](#security_iam_service-with-iam-id-based-policies) | Yes | | [Resource-based policies](#security_iam_service-with-iam-resource-based-policies) | No | | [Policy actions](#security_iam_service-with-iam-id-based-policies-actions) | Yes | | [Policy resources](#security_iam_service-with-iam-id-based-policies-resources) | Yes | | [Policy condition keys](#security_iam_service-with-iam-id-based-policies-conditionkeys) | No | | [ACLs](#security_iam_service-with-iam-acls) | No | | [ABAC (tags in policies)](#security_iam_service-with-iam-tags) | Partial | | [Temporary credentials](#security_iam_service-with-iam-roles-tempcreds) | Yes | | [Forward access sessions (FAS)](#security_iam_service-with-iam-principal-permissions) | Partial | | [Service roles](#security_iam_service-with-iam-roles-service) | No | | [Service-linked roles](#security_iam_service-with-iam-roles-service-linked) | Partial | To get a high-level view of how AWS AppSync and other AWS services work with most IAM features, see [AWS services that work with IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_aws-services-that-work-with-iam.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Identity-based policies for AWS AppSync **Supports identity-based policies:** Yes Identity-based policies are JSON permissions policy documents that you can attach to an identity, such as an IAM user, group of users, or role. These policies control what actions users and roles can perform, on which resources, and under what conditions. To learn how to create an identity-based policy, see [Define custom IAM permissions with customer managed policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_create.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. With IAM identity-based policies, you can specify allowed or denied actions and resources as well as the conditions under which actions are allowed or denied. To learn about all of the elements that you can use in a JSON policy, see [IAM JSON policy elements reference](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ### Identity-based policy examples for AWS AppSync To view examples of AWS AppSync identity-based policies, see [Identity-based policies for AWS AppSync](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples.md). ## Resource-based policies within AWS AppSync **Supports resource-based policies:** No Resource-based policies are JSON policy documents that you attach to a resource. Examples of resource-based policies are IAM *role trust policies* and Amazon S3 *bucket policies*. In services that support resource-based policies, service administrators can use them to control access to a specific resource. For the resource where the policy is attached, the policy defines what actions a specified principal can perform on that resource and under what conditions. You must [specify a principal](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_principal.html) in a resource-based policy. Principals can include accounts, users, roles, federated users, or AWS services. To enable cross-account access, you can specify an entire account or IAM entities in another account as the principal in a resource-based policy. For more information, see [Cross account resource access in IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies-cross-account-resource-access.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Policy actions for AWS AppSync **Supports policy actions:** Yes Administrators can use AWS JSON policies to specify who has access to what. That is, which **principal** can perform **actions** on what **resources**, and under what **conditions**. The `Action` element of a JSON policy describes the actions that you can use to allow or deny access in a policy. Include actions in a policy to grant permissions to perform the associated operation. To see a list of AWS AppSync actions, see [Actions defined by AWS AppSync](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_awsappsync.html#awsappsync-actions-as-permissions) in the *Service Authorization Reference*. Policy actions in AWS AppSync use the following prefix before the action: ``` appsync ``` To specify multiple actions in a single statement, separate them with commas. ``` "Action": [ "appsync:action1", "appsync:action2" ] ``` To view examples of AWS AppSync identity-based policies, see [Identity-based policies for AWS AppSync](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples.md). ## Policy resources for AWS AppSync **Supports policy resources:** Yes Administrators can use AWS JSON policies to specify who has access to what. That is, which **principal** can perform **actions** on what **resources**, and under what **conditions**. The `Resource` JSON policy element specifies the object or objects to which the action applies. As a best practice, specify a resource using its [Amazon Resource Name (ARN)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference-arns.html). For actions that don't support resource-level permissions, use a wildcard (\$1) to indicate that the statement applies to all resources. ``` "Resource": "*" ``` To see a list of AWS AppSync resource types and their ARNs, see [Resources defined by AWS AppSync](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_awsappsync.html#awsappsync-resources-for-iam-policies) in the *Service Authorization Reference*. To learn with which actions you can specify the ARN of each resource, see [Actions defined by AWS AppSync](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_awsappsync.html#awsappsync-actions-as-permissions). To view examples of AWS AppSync identity-based policies, see [Identity-based policies for AWS AppSync](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples.md). ## Policy condition keys for AWS AppSync **Supports service-specific policy condition keys:** No Administrators can use AWS JSON policies to specify who has access to what. That is, which **principal** can perform **actions** on what **resources**, and under what **conditions**. The `Condition` element specifies when statements execute based on defined criteria. You can create conditional expressions that use [condition operators](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_condition_operators.html), such as equals or less than, to match the condition in the policy with values in the request. To see all AWS global condition keys, see [AWS global condition context keys](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_condition-keys.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. To see a list of AWS AppSync condition keys, see [Condition keys for AWS AppSync](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_awsappsync.html#awsappsync-policy-keys) in the *Service Authorization Reference*. To learn with which actions and resources you can use a condition key, see [Actions defined by AWS AppSync](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_awsappsync.html#awsappsync-actions-as-permissions). To view examples of AWS AppSync identity-based policies, see [Identity-based policies for AWS AppSync](security_iam_id-based-policy-examples.md). ## Access control lists (ACLs) in AWS AppSync **Supports ACLs:** No Access control lists (ACLs) control which principals (account members, users, or roles) have permissions to access a resource. ACLs are similar to resource-based policies, although they do not use the JSON policy document format. ## Attribute-based access control (ABAC) with AWS AppSync **Supports ABAC (tags in policies):** Partial Attribute-based access control (ABAC) is an authorization strategy that defines permissions based on attributes called tags. You can attach tags to IAM entities and AWS resources, then design ABAC policies to allow operations when the principal's tag matches the tag on the resource. To control access based on tags, you provide tag information in the [condition element](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_condition.html) of a policy using the `aws:ResourceTag/key-name`, `aws:RequestTag/key-name`, or `aws:TagKeys` condition keys. If a service supports all three condition keys for every resource type, then the value is **Yes** for the service. If a service supports all three condition keys for only some resource types, then the value is **Partial**. For more information about ABAC, see [Define permissions with ABAC authorization](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/introduction_attribute-based-access-control.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. To view a tutorial with steps for setting up ABAC, see [Use attribute-based access control (ABAC)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/tutorial_attribute-based-access-control.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Using temporary credentials with AWS AppSync **Supports temporary credentials:** Yes Temporary credentials provide short-term access to AWS resources and are automatically created when you use federation or switch roles. AWS recommends that you dynamically generate temporary credentials instead of using long-term access keys. For more information, see [Temporary security credentials in IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_temp.html) and [AWS services that work with IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_aws-services-that-work-with-iam.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Forward access sessions for AWS AppSync **Supports forward access sessions (FAS):** Partial Forward access sessions (FAS) use the permissions of the principal calling an AWS service, combined with the requesting AWS service to make requests to downstream services. For policy details when making FAS requests, see [Forward access sessions](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_forward_access_sessions.html). ## Service roles for AWS AppSync **Supports service roles:** No A service role is an [IAM role](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles.html) that a service assumes to perform actions on your behalf. An IAM administrator can create, modify, and delete a service role from within IAM. For more information, see [Create a role to delegate permissions to an AWS service](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_create_for-service.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. **Warning** Changing the permissions for a service role might break AWS AppSync functionality. Edit service roles only when AWS AppSync provides guidance to do so. ## Service-linked roles for AWS AppSync **Supports service-linked roles:** Partial A service-linked role is a type of service role that is linked to an AWS service. The service can assume the role to perform an action on your behalf. Service-linked roles appear in your AWS account and are owned by the service. An IAM administrator can view, but not edit the permissions for service-linked roles. For details about creating or managing service-linked roles, see [AWS services that work with IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_aws-services-that-work-with-iam.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. Find a service in the table that includes a `Yes` in the **Service-linked role** column. Choose the **Yes** link to view the service-linked role documentation for that service. # Identity-based policies for AWS AppSync By default, users and roles don't have permission to create or modify AWS AppSync resources. To grant users permission to perform actions on the resources that they need, an IAM administrator can create IAM policies. To learn how to create an IAM identity-based policy by using these example JSON policy documents, see [Create IAM policies (console)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_create-console.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. For details about actions and resource types defined by AWS AppSync, including the format of the ARNs for each of the resource types, see [Actions, resources, and condition keys for AWS AppSync](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/service-authorization/latest/reference/list_awsappsync.html) in the *Service Authorization Reference*. To learn the best practices for creating and configuring IAM identity-based policies, see [IAM policy best practices](best-practices.md#security_iam_service-with-iam-policy-best-practices). For a list of IAM identity-based policies for AWS AppSync, see [AWS managed policies for AWS AppSync](security_iam_policy_list.md). **Topics** + [Using the AWS AppSync console](#security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-console) + [Allow users to view their own permissions](#security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-view-own-permissions) + [Accessing one Amazon S3 bucket](#security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-access-one-bucket) + [Viewing AWS AppSync *widgets* based on tags](#security_iam_id-based-policy-examples-view-widget-tags) + [AWS managed policies for AWS AppSync](security_iam_policy_list.md) ## Using the AWS AppSync console To access the AWS AppSync console, you must have a minimum set of permissions. These permissions must allow you to list and view details about the AWS AppSync resources in your AWS account. If you create an identity-based policy that is more restrictive than the minimum required permissions, the console won't function as intended for entities (users or roles) with that policy. You don't need to allow minimum console permissions for users that are making calls only to the AWS CLI or the AWS API. Instead, allow access to only the actions that match the API operation that they're trying to perform. To ensure that IAM users and roles can still use the AWS AppSync console, also attach the AWS AppSync `ConsoleAccess` or `ReadOnly` AWS managed policy to the entities. For more information, see [Adding permissions to a user](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_users_change-permissions.html#users_change_permissions-add-console) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## Allow users to view their own permissions This example shows how you might create a policy that allows IAM users to view the inline and managed policies that are attached to their user identity. This policy includes permissions to complete this action on the console or programmatically using the AWS CLI or AWS API. ``` { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Sid": "ViewOwnUserInfo", "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "iam:GetUserPolicy", "iam:ListGroupsForUser", "iam:ListAttachedUserPolicies", "iam:ListUserPolicies", "iam:GetUser" ], "Resource": ["arn:aws:iam::*:user/${aws:username}"] }, { "Sid": "NavigateInConsole", "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "iam:GetGroupPolicy", "iam:GetPolicyVersion", "iam:GetPolicy", "iam:ListAttachedGroupPolicies", "iam:ListGroupPolicies", "iam:ListPolicyVersions", "iam:ListPolicies", "iam:ListUsers" ], "Resource": "*" } ] } ``` ## Accessing one Amazon S3 bucket In this example, you want to grant an IAM user in your AWS account access to one of your Amazon S3 buckets, `examplebucket`. You also want to allow the user to add, update, and delete objects. In addition to granting the `s3:PutObject`, `s3:GetObject`, and `s3:DeleteObject` permissions to the user, the policy also grants the `s3:ListAllMyBuckets`, `s3:GetBucketLocation`, and `s3:ListBucket` permissions. These are the additional permissions required by the console. Also, the `s3:PutObjectAcl` and the `s3:GetObjectAcl` actions are required to be able to copy, cut, and paste objects in the console. For an example walkthrough that grants permissions to users and tests them using the console, see [An example walkthrough: Using user policies to control access to your bucket](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/walkthrough1.html). ------ #### [ JSON ] **** ``` { "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement":[ { "Sid":"ListBucketsInConsole", "Effect":"Allow", "Action":[ "s3:ListAllMyBuckets" ], "Resource":"arn:aws:s3:::*" }, { "Sid":"ViewSpecificBucketInfo", "Effect":"Allow", "Action":[ "s3:ListBucket", "s3:GetBucketLocation" ], "Resource":"arn:aws:s3:::examplebucket" }, { "Sid":"ManageBucketContents", "Effect":"Allow", "Action":[ "s3:PutObject", "s3:PutObjectAcl", "s3:GetObject", "s3:GetObjectAcl", "s3:DeleteObject" ], "Resource":"arn:aws:s3:::examplebucket/*" } ] } ``` ------ ## Viewing AWS AppSync *widgets* based on tags You can use conditions in your identity-based policy to control access to AWS AppSync resources based on tags. This example shows how you might create a policy that allows viewing a *widget*. However, permission is granted only if the *widget* tag `Owner` has the value of that user's user name. This policy also grants the permissions necessary to complete this action on the console. You can attach this policy to the IAM users in your account. If a user named `richard-roe` attempts to view an AWS AppSync *widget*, the *widget* must be tagged `Owner=richard-roe` or `owner=richard-roe`. Otherwise he is denied access. The condition tag key `Owner` matches both `Owner` and `owner` because condition key names are not case-sensitive. For more information, see [IAM JSON policy elements: Condition](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_policies_elements_condition.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. # AWS managed policies for AWS AppSync To add permissions to users, groups, and roles, it is easier to use AWS managed policies than to write policies yourself. It takes time and expertise to [create IAM customer managed policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_create-console.html) that provide your team with only the permissions that they need. To get started quickly, you can use our AWS managed policies. These policies cover common use cases and are available in your AWS account. For more information about AWS managed policies, see [AWS managed policies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_managed-vs-inline.html#aws-managed-policies) in the *IAM User Guide*. AWS services maintain and update AWS managed policies. You can't change the permissions in AWS managed policies. Services occasionally add additional permissions to an AWS managed policy to support new features. This type of update affects all identities (users, groups, and roles) where the policy is attached. Services are most likely to update an AWS managed policy when a new feature is launched or when new operations become available. Services do not remove permissions from an AWS managed policy, so policy updates won't break your existing permissions. Additionally, AWS supports managed policies for job functions that span multiple services. For example, the **ReadOnlyAccess** AWS managed policy provides read-only access to all AWS services and resources. When a service launches a new feature, AWS adds read-only permissions for new operations and resources. For a list and descriptions of job function policies, see [AWS managed policies for job functions](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies_job-functions.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## AWS managed policy: AWSAppSyncInvokeFullAccess Use the `AWSAppSyncInvokeFullAccess` AWS managed policy to allow your administrators to access the AWS AppSync service through the console or independently. You can attach the `AWSAppSyncInvokeFullAccess` policy to your IAM identities. ### Permissions details This policy includes the following permissions. + `AWS AppSync` – Allows full administrative access to all resources in AWS AppSync ------ #### [ JSON ] **** ``` { "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "appsync:GraphQL", "appsync:GetGraphqlApi", "appsync:ListGraphqlApis", "appsync:ListApiKeys" ], "Resource": "*" } ] } ``` ------ ## AWS managed policy: AWSAppSyncSchemaAuthor Use the `AWSAppSyncSchemaAuthor` AWS managed policy to allow IAM users to access to create, update, and query their GraphQL schemas. For information about what users can do with these permissions, see [Designing GraphQL APIs with AWS AppSync](designing-a-graphql-api.md). You can attach the `AWSAppSyncSchemaAuthor` policy to your IAM identities. ### Permissions details This policy includes the following permissions. + `AWS AppSync` – Allows the following actions: + Creating GraphQL schemas + Allowing the creation, modification, and deletion of GraphQL types, resolvers, and functions + Evaluating request and response template logic + Evaluating code with a runtime and context + Sending GraphQL queries to GraphQL APIs + Retrieving GraphQL data ------ #### [ JSON ] **** ``` { "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "appsync:GraphQL", "appsync:CreateResolver", "appsync:CreateType", "appsync:DeleteResolver", "appsync:DeleteType", "appsync:GetResolver", "appsync:GetType", "appsync:GetDataSource", "appsync:GetSchemaCreationStatus", "appsync:GetIntrospectionSchema", "appsync:GetGraphqlApi", "appsync:ListTypes", "appsync:ListApiKeys", "appsync:ListResolvers", "appsync:ListDataSources", "appsync:ListGraphqlApis", "appsync:StartSchemaCreation", "appsync:UpdateResolver", "appsync:UpdateType", "appsync:TagResource", "appsync:UntagResource", "appsync:ListTagsForResource", "appsync:CreateFunction", "appsync:UpdateFunction", "appsync:GetFunction", "appsync:DeleteFunction", "appsync:ListFunctions", "appsync:ListResolversByFunction", "appsync:EvaluateMappingTemplate", "appsync:EvaluateCode" ], "Resource": "*" } ] } ``` ------ ## AWS managed policy: AWSAppSyncPushToCloudWatchLogs AWS AppSync uses Amazon CloudWatch to monitor the performance of your application by generating logs that you can use to troubleshoot and optimize your GraphQL requests. For more information, see [Using CloudWatch to monitor and log GraphQL API data](monitoring.md). Use the `AWSAppSyncPushToCloudWatchLogs` AWS managed policy to allow AWS AppSync to push logs to an IAM user's CloudWatch account. You can attach the `AWSAppSyncPushToCloudWatchLogs` policy to your IAM identities. ### Permissions details This policy includes the following permissions. + `CloudWatch Logs` – Allows AWS AppSync to create log groups and streams with specified names. AWS AppSync pushes log events to the specified log stream. ------ #### [ JSON ] **** ``` { "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "logs:CreateLogGroup", "logs:CreateLogStream", "logs:PutLogEvents" ], "Resource": "*" } ] } ``` ------ ## AWS managed policy: AWSAppSyncAdministrator Use the `AWSAppSyncAdministrator` AWS managed policy to allow your administrators to access all of AWS AppSync except for the AWS console. You can attach `AWSAppSyncAdministrator` to your IAM entities. AWS AppSync also attaches this policy to a service role that allows it to perform actions on your behalf. ### Permissions details This policy includes the following permissions. + `AWS AppSync` – Allows full administrative access to all resources in AWS AppSync + `IAM` – Allows the following actions: + Creating service-linked roles to allow AWS AppSync to analyze resources in other services on your behalf + Deleting service-linked roles + Passing service-linked roles on to other AWS services to assume the role later and to perform actions on your behalf ------ #### [ JSON ] **** ``` { "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "appsync:*" ], "Resource": "*" }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "iam:PassRole" ], "Resource": "*", "Condition": { "StringEquals": { "iam:PassedToService": [ "appsync.amazonaws.com" ] } } }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "iam:CreateServiceLinkedRole", "Resource": "*", "Condition": { "StringEquals": { "iam:AWSServiceName": "appsync.amazonaws.com" } } }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "iam:DeleteServiceLinkedRole", "iam:GetServiceLinkedRoleDeletionStatus" ], "Resource": "arn:aws:iam::*:role/aws-service-role/appsync.amazonaws.com/AWSServiceRoleForAppSync*" } ] } ``` ------ ## AWS managed policy: AWSAppSyncServiceRolePolicy Use the `AWSAppSyncServiceRolePolicy` AWS managed policy to allow access to AWS services and resources that AWS AppSync uses or manages. You can't attach `AWSAppSyncServiceRolePolicy` to your IAM entities. This policy is attached to a service-linked role that allows AWS AppSync to perform actions on your behalf. For more information, see [Service-linked roles for AWS AppSync](security_iam_service-with-iam.md#security_iam_service-with-iam-roles-service-linked). ### Permissions details This policy includes the following permissions. + `X-Ray` – AWS AppSync uses AWS X-Ray to collect data about requests made within your application. For more information, see [Using AWS X-Ray to trace requests in AWS AppSync](x-ray-tracing.md). This policy allows the following actions: + Retrieving sampling rules and their results + Sending trace data to the X-Ray daemon ------ #### [ JSON ] **** ``` { "Version":"2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": [ "xray:PutTraceSegments", "xray:PutTelemetryRecords", "xray:GetSamplingTargets", "xray:GetSamplingRules", "xray:GetSamplingStatisticSummaries" ], "Resource": [ "*" ] } ] } ``` ------ ## AWS AppSync updates to AWS managed policies View details about updates to AWS managed policies for AWS AppSync since this service began tracking these changes. For automatic alerts about changes to this page, subscribe to the RSS feed on the AWS AppSync Document history page. | Change | Description | Date | | --- | --- | --- | | [AWSAppSyncSchemaAuthor](#security-iam-awsmanpol-AWSAppSyncSchemaAuthor) - Update to an existing policy | Added an `EvaluateCode` policy action to allow users to evaluate code with a runtime and context. | February 7, 2023 | | [AWSAppSyncSchemaAuthor](#security-iam-awsmanpol-AWSAppSyncSchemaAuthor) - Update to an existing policy | Added policy actions to allow the list, get, create, update, and delete functions for an API. Added an `EvaluateMappingTemplate` policy action to allow users to evaluate request and response resolver mapping template logic. Added policy actions to allow resource tagging. | August 25, 2022 | | AWS AppSync started tracking changes | AWS AppSync started tracking changes for its AWS managed policies. | August 25, 2022 | # Troubleshooting AWS AppSync identity and access Use the following information to help you diagnose and fix common issues that you might encounter when working with AWS AppSync and IAM. ## I am not authorized to perform an action in AWS AppSync If the AWS Management Console tells you that you're not authorized to perform an action, then you must contact your administrator for assistance. Your administrator is the person that provided you with your user name and password. The following example error occurs when the IAM user `mateojackson` tries to use the console to view details about a fictional `my-example-widget` resource, but he does not have the fictional `appsync:GetWidget` permissions. ``` User: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/mateojackson is not authorized to perform: appsync:GetWidget on resource: my-example-widget ``` In this case, Mateo asks his administrator to update his policies to allow him to access the `my-example-widget` resource using the `appsync:GetWidget` action. ## I am not authorized to perform iam:PassRole If you receive an error that you're not authorized to perform the `iam:PassRole` action, your policies must be updated to allow you to pass a role to AWS AppSync. Some AWS services allow you to pass an existing role to that service instead of creating a new service role or service-linked role. To do this, you must have permissions to pass the role to the service. The following example error occurs when an IAM user named `marymajor` tries to use the console to perform an action in AWS AppSync. However, the action requires the service to have permissions that are granted by a service role. Mary does not have permissions to pass the role to the service. ``` User: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/marymajor is not authorized to perform: iam:PassRole ``` In this case, Mary's policies must be updated to allow her to perform the `iam:PassRole` action. If you need help, contact your AWS administrator. Your administrator is the person who provided you with your sign-in credentials. ## I want to view my access keys After you create your IAM user access keys, you can view your access key ID at any time. However, you can't view your secret access key again. If you lose your secret key, you must create a new access key pair. Access keys consist of two parts: an access key ID (for example, `AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE`) and a secret access key (for example, `wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY`). Like a user name and password, you must use both the access key ID and secret access key together to authenticate your requests. Manage your access keys as securely as you do your user name and password. **Important** Do not provide your access keys to a third party, even to help [find your canonical user ID](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/accounts/latest/reference/manage-acct-identifiers.html#FindCanonicalId). By doing this, you might give someone permanent access to your AWS account. When you create an access key pair, you are prompted to save the access key ID and secret access key in a secure location. The secret access key is available only at the time you create it. If you lose your secret access key, you must add new access keys to your IAM user. You can have a maximum of two access keys. If you already have two, you must delete one key pair before creating a new one. To view instructions, see [Managing access keys](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_access-keys.html#Using_CreateAccessKey) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## I'm an administrator and want to allow others to access AWS AppSync To allow others to access AWS AppSync, you must grant permission to the people or applications that need access. If you are using AWS IAM Identity Center to manage people and applications, you assign permission sets to users or groups to define their level of access. Permission sets automatically create and assign IAM policies to IAM roles that are associated with the person or application. For more information, see [Permission sets](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/singlesignon/latest/userguide/permissionsetsconcept.html) in the *AWS IAM Identity Center User Guide*. If you are not using IAM Identity Center, you must create IAM entities (users or roles) for the people or applications that need access. You must then attach a policy to the entity that grants them the correct permissions in AWS AppSync. After the permissions are granted, provide the credentials to the user or application developer. They will use those credentials to access AWS. To learn more about creating IAM users, groups, policies, and permissions, see [IAM Identities](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id.html) and [Policies and permissions in IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. ## I want to allow people outside of my AWS account to access my AWS AppSync resources You can create a role that users in other accounts or people outside of your organization can use to access your resources. You can specify who is trusted to assume the role. For services that support resource-based policies or access control lists (ACLs), you can use those policies to grant people access to your resources. To learn more, consult the following: + To learn whether AWS AppSync supports these features, see [How AWS AppSync works with IAM](security_iam_service-with-iam.md). + To learn how to provide access to your resources across AWS accounts that you own, see [Providing access to an IAM user in another AWS account that you own](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_common-scenarios_aws-accounts.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + To learn how to provide access to your resources to third-party AWS accounts, see [Providing access to AWS accounts owned by third parties](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_common-scenarios_third-party.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + To learn how to provide access through identity federation, see [Providing access to externally authenticated users (identity federation)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_common-scenarios_federated-users.html) in the *IAM User Guide*. + To learn the difference between using roles and resource-based policies for cross-account access, see [Cross account resource access in IAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies-cross-account-resource-access.html) in the *IAM User Guide*.