There are more AWS SDK examples available in the [AWS Doc SDK Examples](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples) GitHub repo.

# Scenarios for Amazon Transcribe using AWS SDKs
<a name="transcribe_code_examples_scenarios"></a>

The following code examples show you how to implement common scenarios in Amazon Transcribe with AWS SDKs. These scenarios show you how to accomplish specific tasks by calling multiple functions within Amazon Transcribe or combined with other AWS services. Each scenario includes a link to the complete source code, where you can find instructions on how to set up and run the code. 

Scenarios target an intermediate level of experience to help you understand service actions in context.

**Topics**
+ [Build an Amazon Transcribe streaming app](transcribe_example_cross_TranscriptionStreamingApp_section.md)
+ [Convert text to speech and back to text](transcribe_example_cross_Telephone_section.md)
+ [Create and refine a custom vocabulary](transcribe_example_transcribe_Scenario_CustomVocabulary_section.md)
+ [Transcribe audio and get job data](transcribe_example_transcribe_Scenario_GettingStartedTranscriptionJobs_section.md)

# Build an Amazon Transcribe streaming app
<a name="transcribe_example_cross_TranscriptionStreamingApp_section"></a>

The following code example shows how to build an app that records, transcribes, and translates live audio in real-time, and emails the results.

------
#### [ JavaScript ]

**SDK for JavaScript (v3)**  
 Shows how to use Amazon Transcribe to build an app that records, transcribes, and translates live audio in real-time, and emails the results using Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES).   
 For complete source code and instructions on how to set up and run, see the full example on [GitHub](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples/tree/main/javascriptv3/example_code/cross-services/transcribe-streaming-app).   

**Services used in this example**
+ Amazon Comprehend
+ Amazon SES
+ Amazon Transcribe
+ Amazon Translate

------

# Convert text to speech and back to text using an AWS SDK
<a name="transcribe_example_cross_Telephone_section"></a>

The following code example shows how to:
+ Use Amazon Polly to synthesize a plain text (UTF-8) input file to an audio file.
+ Upload the audio file to an Amazon S3 bucket.
+ Use Amazon Transcribe to convert the audio file to text.
+ Display the text.

------
#### [ Rust ]

**SDK for Rust**  
 Use Amazon Polly to synthesize a plain text (UTF-8) input file to an audio file, upload the audio file to an Amazon S3 bucket, use Amazon Transcribe to convert that audio file to text, and display the text.   
 For complete source code and instructions on how to set up and run, see the full example on [GitHub](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples/blob/main/rustv1/cross_service#code-examples).   

**Services used in this example**
+ Amazon Polly
+ Amazon S3
+ Amazon Transcribe

------

# Create and refine an Amazon Transcribe custom vocabulary using an AWS SDK
<a name="transcribe_example_transcribe_Scenario_CustomVocabulary_section"></a>

The following code example shows how to:
+ Upload an audio file to Amazon S3.
+ Run an Amazon Transcribe job to transcribe the file and get the results.
+ Create and refine a custom vocabulary to improve transcription accuracy.
+ Run jobs with custom vocabularies and get the results.

------
#### [ Python ]

**SDK for Python (Boto3)**  
 There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the [AWS Code Examples Repository](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples/tree/main/python/example_code/transcribe#code-examples). 
Transcribe an audio file that contains a reading of Jabberwocky by Lewis Carroll. Start by creating functions that wrap Amazon Transcribe actions.  

```
def start_job(
    job_name,
    media_uri,
    media_format,
    language_code,
    transcribe_client,
    vocabulary_name=None,
):
    """
    Starts a transcription job. This function returns as soon as the job is started.
    To get the current status of the job, call get_transcription_job. The job is
    successfully completed when the job status is 'COMPLETED'.

    :param job_name: The name of the transcription job. This must be unique for
                     your AWS account.
    :param media_uri: The URI where the audio file is stored. This is typically
                      in an Amazon S3 bucket.
    :param media_format: The format of the audio file. For example, mp3 or wav.
    :param language_code: The language code of the audio file.
                          For example, en-US or ja-JP
    :param transcribe_client: The Boto3 Transcribe client.
    :param vocabulary_name: The name of a custom vocabulary to use when transcribing
                            the audio file.
    :return: Data about the job.
    """
    try:
        job_args = {
            "TranscriptionJobName": job_name,
            "Media": {"MediaFileUri": media_uri},
            "MediaFormat": media_format,
            "LanguageCode": language_code,
        }
        if vocabulary_name is not None:
            job_args["Settings"] = {"VocabularyName": vocabulary_name}
        response = transcribe_client.start_transcription_job(**job_args)
        job = response["TranscriptionJob"]
        logger.info("Started transcription job %s.", job_name)
    except ClientError:
        logger.exception("Couldn't start transcription job %s.", job_name)
        raise
    else:
        return job



def get_job(job_name, transcribe_client):
    """
    Gets details about a transcription job.

    :param job_name: The name of the job to retrieve.
    :param transcribe_client: The Boto3 Transcribe client.
    :return: The retrieved transcription job.
    """
    try:
        response = transcribe_client.get_transcription_job(
            TranscriptionJobName=job_name
        )
        job = response["TranscriptionJob"]
        logger.info("Got job %s.", job["TranscriptionJobName"])
    except ClientError:
        logger.exception("Couldn't get job %s.", job_name)
        raise
    else:
        return job



def delete_job(job_name, transcribe_client):
    """
    Deletes a transcription job. This also deletes the transcript associated with
    the job.

    :param job_name: The name of the job to delete.
    :param transcribe_client: The Boto3 Transcribe client.
    """
    try:
        transcribe_client.delete_transcription_job(TranscriptionJobName=job_name)
        logger.info("Deleted job %s.", job_name)
    except ClientError:
        logger.exception("Couldn't delete job %s.", job_name)
        raise



def create_vocabulary(
    vocabulary_name, language_code, transcribe_client, phrases=None, table_uri=None
):
    """
    Creates a custom vocabulary that can be used to improve the accuracy of
    transcription jobs. This function returns as soon as the vocabulary processing
    is started. Call get_vocabulary to get the current status of the vocabulary.
    The vocabulary is ready to use when its status is 'READY'.

    :param vocabulary_name: The name of the custom vocabulary.
    :param language_code: The language code of the vocabulary.
                          For example, en-US or nl-NL.
    :param transcribe_client: The Boto3 Transcribe client.
    :param phrases: A list of comma-separated phrases to include in the vocabulary.
    :param table_uri: A table of phrases and pronunciation hints to include in the
                      vocabulary.
    :return: Information about the newly created vocabulary.
    """
    try:
        vocab_args = {"VocabularyName": vocabulary_name, "LanguageCode": language_code}
        if phrases is not None:
            vocab_args["Phrases"] = phrases
        elif table_uri is not None:
            vocab_args["VocabularyFileUri"] = table_uri
        response = transcribe_client.create_vocabulary(**vocab_args)
        logger.info("Created custom vocabulary %s.", response["VocabularyName"])
    except ClientError:
        logger.exception("Couldn't create custom vocabulary %s.", vocabulary_name)
        raise
    else:
        return response



def get_vocabulary(vocabulary_name, transcribe_client):
    """
    Gets information about a custom vocabulary.

    :param vocabulary_name: The name of the vocabulary to retrieve.
    :param transcribe_client: The Boto3 Transcribe client.
    :return: Information about the vocabulary.
    """
    try:
        response = transcribe_client.get_vocabulary(VocabularyName=vocabulary_name)
        logger.info("Got vocabulary %s.", response["VocabularyName"])
    except ClientError:
        logger.exception("Couldn't get vocabulary %s.", vocabulary_name)
        raise
    else:
        return response



def update_vocabulary(
    vocabulary_name, language_code, transcribe_client, phrases=None, table_uri=None
):
    """
    Updates an existing custom vocabulary. The entire vocabulary is replaced with
    the contents of the update.

    :param vocabulary_name: The name of the vocabulary to update.
    :param language_code: The language code of the vocabulary.
    :param transcribe_client: The Boto3 Transcribe client.
    :param phrases: A list of comma-separated phrases to include in the vocabulary.
    :param table_uri: A table of phrases and pronunciation hints to include in the
                      vocabulary.
    """
    try:
        vocab_args = {"VocabularyName": vocabulary_name, "LanguageCode": language_code}
        if phrases is not None:
            vocab_args["Phrases"] = phrases
        elif table_uri is not None:
            vocab_args["VocabularyFileUri"] = table_uri
        response = transcribe_client.update_vocabulary(**vocab_args)
        logger.info("Updated custom vocabulary %s.", response["VocabularyName"])
    except ClientError:
        logger.exception("Couldn't update custom vocabulary %s.", vocabulary_name)
        raise



def list_vocabularies(vocabulary_filter, transcribe_client):
    """
    Lists the custom vocabularies created for this AWS account.

    :param vocabulary_filter: The returned vocabularies must contain this string in
                              their names.
    :param transcribe_client: The Boto3 Transcribe client.
    :return: The list of retrieved vocabularies.
    """
    try:
        response = transcribe_client.list_vocabularies(NameContains=vocabulary_filter)
        vocabs = response["Vocabularies"]
        next_token = response.get("NextToken")
        while next_token is not None:
            response = transcribe_client.list_vocabularies(
                NameContains=vocabulary_filter, NextToken=next_token
            )
            vocabs += response["Vocabularies"]
            next_token = response.get("NextToken")
        logger.info(
            "Got %s vocabularies with filter %s.", len(vocabs), vocabulary_filter
        )
    except ClientError:
        logger.exception(
            "Couldn't list vocabularies with filter %s.", vocabulary_filter
        )
        raise
    else:
        return vocabs



def delete_vocabulary(vocabulary_name, transcribe_client):
    """
    Deletes a custom vocabulary.

    :param vocabulary_name: The name of the vocabulary to delete.
    :param transcribe_client: The Boto3 Transcribe client.
    """
    try:
        transcribe_client.delete_vocabulary(VocabularyName=vocabulary_name)
        logger.info("Deleted vocabulary %s.", vocabulary_name)
    except ClientError:
        logger.exception("Couldn't delete vocabulary %s.", vocabulary_name)
        raise
```
Call the wrapper functions to transcribe audio without a custom vocabulary and then with different versions of a custom vocabulary to see improved results.  

```
def usage_demo():
    """Shows how to use the Amazon Transcribe service."""
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(levelname)s: %(message)s")

    s3_resource = boto3.resource("s3")
    transcribe_client = boto3.client("transcribe")

    print("-" * 88)
    print("Welcome to the Amazon Transcribe demo!")
    print("-" * 88)

    bucket_name = f"jabber-bucket-{time.time_ns()}"
    print(f"Creating bucket {bucket_name}.")
    bucket = s3_resource.create_bucket(
        Bucket=bucket_name,
        CreateBucketConfiguration={
            "LocationConstraint": transcribe_client.meta.region_name
        },
    )
    media_file_name = ".media/Jabberwocky.mp3"
    media_object_key = "Jabberwocky.mp3"
    print(f"Uploading media file {media_file_name}.")
    bucket.upload_file(media_file_name, media_object_key)
    media_uri = f"s3://{bucket.name}/{media_object_key}"

    job_name_simple = f"Jabber-{time.time_ns()}"
    print(f"Starting transcription job {job_name_simple}.")
    start_job(
        job_name_simple,
        f"s3://{bucket_name}/{media_object_key}",
        "mp3",
        "en-US",
        transcribe_client,
    )
    transcribe_waiter = TranscribeCompleteWaiter(transcribe_client)
    transcribe_waiter.wait(job_name_simple)
    job_simple = get_job(job_name_simple, transcribe_client)
    transcript_simple = requests.get(
        job_simple["Transcript"]["TranscriptFileUri"]
    ).json()
    print(f"Transcript for job {transcript_simple['jobName']}:")
    print(transcript_simple["results"]["transcripts"][0]["transcript"])

    print("-" * 88)
    print(
        "Creating a custom vocabulary that lists the nonsense words to try to "
        "improve the transcription."
    )
    vocabulary_name = f"Jabber-vocabulary-{time.time_ns()}"
    create_vocabulary(
        vocabulary_name,
        "en-US",
        transcribe_client,
        phrases=[
            "brillig",
            "slithy",
            "borogoves",
            "mome",
            "raths",
            "Jub-Jub",
            "frumious",
            "manxome",
            "Tumtum",
            "uffish",
            "whiffling",
            "tulgey",
            "thou",
            "frabjous",
            "callooh",
            "callay",
            "chortled",
        ],
    )
    vocabulary_ready_waiter = VocabularyReadyWaiter(transcribe_client)
    vocabulary_ready_waiter.wait(vocabulary_name)

    job_name_vocabulary_list = f"Jabber-vocabulary-list-{time.time_ns()}"
    print(f"Starting transcription job {job_name_vocabulary_list}.")
    start_job(
        job_name_vocabulary_list,
        media_uri,
        "mp3",
        "en-US",
        transcribe_client,
        vocabulary_name,
    )
    transcribe_waiter.wait(job_name_vocabulary_list)
    job_vocabulary_list = get_job(job_name_vocabulary_list, transcribe_client)
    transcript_vocabulary_list = requests.get(
        job_vocabulary_list["Transcript"]["TranscriptFileUri"]
    ).json()
    print(f"Transcript for job {transcript_vocabulary_list['jobName']}:")
    print(transcript_vocabulary_list["results"]["transcripts"][0]["transcript"])

    print("-" * 88)
    print(
        "Updating the custom vocabulary with table data that provides additional "
        "pronunciation hints."
    )
    table_vocab_file = "jabber-vocabulary-table.txt"
    bucket.upload_file(table_vocab_file, table_vocab_file)
    update_vocabulary(
        vocabulary_name,
        "en-US",
        transcribe_client,
        table_uri=f"s3://{bucket.name}/{table_vocab_file}",
    )
    vocabulary_ready_waiter.wait(vocabulary_name)

    job_name_vocab_table = f"Jabber-vocab-table-{time.time_ns()}"
    print(f"Starting transcription job {job_name_vocab_table}.")
    start_job(
        job_name_vocab_table,
        media_uri,
        "mp3",
        "en-US",
        transcribe_client,
        vocabulary_name=vocabulary_name,
    )
    transcribe_waiter.wait(job_name_vocab_table)
    job_vocab_table = get_job(job_name_vocab_table, transcribe_client)
    transcript_vocab_table = requests.get(
        job_vocab_table["Transcript"]["TranscriptFileUri"]
    ).json()
    print(f"Transcript for job {transcript_vocab_table['jobName']}:")
    print(transcript_vocab_table["results"]["transcripts"][0]["transcript"])

    print("-" * 88)
    print("Getting data for jobs and vocabularies.")
    jabber_jobs = list_jobs("Jabber", transcribe_client)
    print(f"Found {len(jabber_jobs)} jobs:")
    for job_sum in jabber_jobs:
        job = get_job(job_sum["TranscriptionJobName"], transcribe_client)
        print(
            f"\t{job['TranscriptionJobName']}, {job['Media']['MediaFileUri']}, "
            f"{job['Settings'].get('VocabularyName')}"
        )

    jabber_vocabs = list_vocabularies("Jabber", transcribe_client)
    print(f"Found {len(jabber_vocabs)} vocabularies:")
    for vocab_sum in jabber_vocabs:
        vocab = get_vocabulary(vocab_sum["VocabularyName"], transcribe_client)
        vocab_content = requests.get(vocab["DownloadUri"]).text
        print(f"\t{vocab['VocabularyName']} contents:")
        print(vocab_content)

    print("-" * 88)
    print("Deleting demo jobs.")
    for job_name in [job_name_simple, job_name_vocabulary_list, job_name_vocab_table]:
        delete_job(job_name, transcribe_client)
    print("Deleting demo vocabulary.")
    delete_vocabulary(vocabulary_name, transcribe_client)
    print("Deleting demo bucket.")
    bucket.objects.delete()
    bucket.delete()
    print("Thanks for watching!")
```
+ For API details, see the following topics in *AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API Reference*.
  + [CreateVocabulary](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/transcribe-2017-10-26/CreateVocabulary)
  + [DeleteTranscriptionJob](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/transcribe-2017-10-26/DeleteTranscriptionJob)
  + [DeleteVocabulary](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/transcribe-2017-10-26/DeleteVocabulary)
  + [GetTranscriptionJob](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/transcribe-2017-10-26/GetTranscriptionJob)
  + [GetVocabulary](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/transcribe-2017-10-26/GetVocabulary)
  + [ListVocabularies](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/transcribe-2017-10-26/ListVocabularies)
  + [StartTranscriptionJob](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/transcribe-2017-10-26/StartTranscriptionJob)
  + [UpdateVocabulary](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/transcribe-2017-10-26/UpdateVocabulary)

------

# Transcribe audio and get job data with Amazon Transcribe using an AWS SDK
<a name="transcribe_example_transcribe_Scenario_GettingStartedTranscriptionJobs_section"></a>

The following code examples show how to:
+ Start a transcription job with Amazon Transcribe.
+ Wait for the job to complete.
+ Get the URI where the transcript is stored.

For more information, see [Getting started with Amazon Transcribe](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/transcribe/latest/dg/getting-started.html).

------
#### [ Java ]

**SDK for Java 2.x**  
 There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the [AWS Code Examples Repository](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples/tree/main/javav2/example_code/transcribe#code-examples). 
Transcribes a PCM file.  

```
/**
 * To run this AWS code example, ensure that you have set up your development
 * environment, including your AWS credentials.
 *
 * For information, see this documentation topic:
 *
 * https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-java/latest/developer-guide/get-started.html
 */

public class TranscribeStreamingDemoFile {
    private static final Region REGION = Region.US_EAST_1;
    private static TranscribeStreamingAsyncClient client;

    public static void main(String args[]) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {

        final String USAGE = "\n" +
                "Usage:\n" +
                "    <file> \n\n" +
                "Where:\n" +
                "    file - the location of a PCM file to transcribe. In this example, ensure the PCM file is 16 hertz (Hz). \n";

        if (args.length != 1) {
            System.out.println(USAGE);
            System.exit(1);
        }

        String file = args[0];
        client = TranscribeStreamingAsyncClient.builder()
                .region(REGION)
                .build();

        CompletableFuture<Void> result = client.startStreamTranscription(getRequest(16_000),
                new AudioStreamPublisher(getStreamFromFile(file)),
                getResponseHandler());

        result.get();
        client.close();
    }

    private static InputStream getStreamFromFile(String file) {
        try {
            File inputFile = new File(file);
            InputStream audioStream = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
            return audioStream;

        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    private static StartStreamTranscriptionRequest getRequest(Integer mediaSampleRateHertz) {
        return StartStreamTranscriptionRequest.builder()
                .languageCode(LanguageCode.EN_US)
                .mediaEncoding(MediaEncoding.PCM)
                .mediaSampleRateHertz(mediaSampleRateHertz)
                .build();
    }

    private static StartStreamTranscriptionResponseHandler getResponseHandler() {
        return StartStreamTranscriptionResponseHandler.builder()
                .onResponse(r -> {
                    System.out.println("Received Initial response");
                })
                .onError(e -> {
                    System.out.println(e.getMessage());
                    StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
                    e.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw));
                    System.out.println("Error Occurred: " + sw.toString());
                })
                .onComplete(() -> {
                    System.out.println("=== All records stream successfully ===");
                })
                .subscriber(event -> {
                    List<Result> results = ((TranscriptEvent) event).transcript().results();
                    if (results.size() > 0) {
                        if (!results.get(0).alternatives().get(0).transcript().isEmpty()) {
                            System.out.println(results.get(0).alternatives().get(0).transcript());
                        }
                    }
                })
                .build();
    }

    private static class AudioStreamPublisher implements Publisher<AudioStream> {
        private final InputStream inputStream;
        private static Subscription currentSubscription;

        private AudioStreamPublisher(InputStream inputStream) {
            this.inputStream = inputStream;
        }

        @Override
        public void subscribe(Subscriber<? super AudioStream> s) {

            if (this.currentSubscription == null) {
                this.currentSubscription = new SubscriptionImpl(s, inputStream);
            } else {
                this.currentSubscription.cancel();
                this.currentSubscription = new SubscriptionImpl(s, inputStream);
            }
            s.onSubscribe(currentSubscription);
        }
    }

    public static class SubscriptionImpl implements Subscription {
        private static final int CHUNK_SIZE_IN_BYTES = 1024 * 1;
        private final Subscriber<? super AudioStream> subscriber;
        private final InputStream inputStream;
        private ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
        private AtomicLong demand = new AtomicLong(0);

        SubscriptionImpl(Subscriber<? super AudioStream> s, InputStream inputStream) {
            this.subscriber = s;
            this.inputStream = inputStream;
        }

        @Override
        public void request(long n) {
            if (n <= 0) {
                subscriber.onError(new IllegalArgumentException("Demand must be positive"));
            }

            demand.getAndAdd(n);

            executor.submit(() -> {
                try {
                    do {
                        ByteBuffer audioBuffer = getNextEvent();
                        if (audioBuffer.remaining() > 0) {
                            AudioEvent audioEvent = audioEventFromBuffer(audioBuffer);
                            subscriber.onNext(audioEvent);
                        } else {
                            subscriber.onComplete();
                            break;
                        }
                    } while (demand.decrementAndGet() > 0);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    subscriber.onError(e);
                }
            });
        }

        @Override
        public void cancel() {
            executor.shutdown();
        }

        private ByteBuffer getNextEvent() {
            ByteBuffer audioBuffer = null;
            byte[] audioBytes = new byte[CHUNK_SIZE_IN_BYTES];

            int len = 0;
            try {
                len = inputStream.read(audioBytes);

                if (len <= 0) {
                    audioBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(0);
                } else {
                    audioBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(audioBytes, 0, len);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
            }

            return audioBuffer;
        }

        private AudioEvent audioEventFromBuffer(ByteBuffer bb) {
            return AudioEvent.builder()
                    .audioChunk(SdkBytes.fromByteBuffer(bb))
                    .build();
        }
    }
}
```
Transcribes streaming audio from your computer's microphone.  

```
public class TranscribeStreamingDemoApp {
    private static final Region REGION = Region.US_EAST_1;
    private static TranscribeStreamingAsyncClient client;

    public static void main(String[] args)
            throws URISyntaxException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, LineUnavailableException {

        client = TranscribeStreamingAsyncClient.builder()
                .credentialsProvider(getCredentials())
                .region(REGION)
                .build();

        CompletableFuture<Void> result = client.startStreamTranscription(getRequest(16_000),
                new AudioStreamPublisher(getStreamFromMic()),
                getResponseHandler());

        result.get();
        client.close();
    }

    private static InputStream getStreamFromMic() throws LineUnavailableException {

        // Signed PCM AudioFormat with 16kHz, 16 bit sample size, mono
        int sampleRate = 16000;
        AudioFormat format = new AudioFormat(sampleRate, 16, 1, true, false);
        DataLine.Info info = new DataLine.Info(TargetDataLine.class, format);

        if (!AudioSystem.isLineSupported(info)) {
            System.out.println("Line not supported");
            System.exit(0);
        }

        TargetDataLine line = (TargetDataLine) AudioSystem.getLine(info);
        line.open(format);
        line.start();

        InputStream audioStream = new AudioInputStream(line);
        return audioStream;
    }

    private static AwsCredentialsProvider getCredentials() {
        return DefaultCredentialsProvider.create();
    }

    private static StartStreamTranscriptionRequest getRequest(Integer mediaSampleRateHertz) {
        return StartStreamTranscriptionRequest.builder()
                .languageCode(LanguageCode.EN_US.toString())
                .mediaEncoding(MediaEncoding.PCM)
                .mediaSampleRateHertz(mediaSampleRateHertz)
                .build();
    }

    private static StartStreamTranscriptionResponseHandler getResponseHandler() {
        return StartStreamTranscriptionResponseHandler.builder()
                .onResponse(r -> {
                    System.out.println("Received Initial response");
                })
                .onError(e -> {
                    System.out.println(e.getMessage());
                    StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
                    e.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw));
                    System.out.println("Error Occurred: " + sw);
                })
                .onComplete(() -> {
                    System.out.println("=== All records stream successfully ===");
                })
                .subscriber(event -> {
                    List<Result> results = ((TranscriptEvent) event).transcript().results();
                    if (results.size() > 0) {
                        if (!results.get(0).alternatives().get(0).transcript().isEmpty()) {
                            System.out.println(results.get(0).alternatives().get(0).transcript());
                        }
                    }
                })
                .build();
    }

    
    private static class AudioStreamPublisher implements Publisher<AudioStream> {
        private static Subscription currentSubscription;
        private final InputStream inputStream;

        private AudioStreamPublisher(InputStream inputStream) {
            this.inputStream = inputStream;
        }

        @Override
        public void subscribe(Subscriber<? super AudioStream> s) {

            if (currentSubscription == null) {
                currentSubscription = new SubscriptionImpl(s, inputStream);
            } else {
                currentSubscription.cancel();
                currentSubscription = new SubscriptionImpl(s, inputStream);
            }
            s.onSubscribe(currentSubscription);
        }
    }

    public static class SubscriptionImpl implements Subscription {
        private static final int CHUNK_SIZE_IN_BYTES = 1024;
        private final Subscriber<? super AudioStream> subscriber;
        private final InputStream inputStream;
        private final ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
        private final AtomicLong demand = new AtomicLong(0);

        SubscriptionImpl(Subscriber<? super AudioStream> s, InputStream inputStream) {
            this.subscriber = s;
            this.inputStream = inputStream;
        }

        @Override
        public void request(long n) {
            if (n <= 0) {
                subscriber.onError(new IllegalArgumentException("Demand must be positive"));
            }

            demand.getAndAdd(n);

            executor.submit(() -> {
                try {
                    do {
                        ByteBuffer audioBuffer = getNextEvent();
                        if (audioBuffer.remaining() > 0) {
                            AudioEvent audioEvent = audioEventFromBuffer(audioBuffer);
                            subscriber.onNext(audioEvent);
                        } else {
                            subscriber.onComplete();
                            break;
                        }
                    } while (demand.decrementAndGet() > 0);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    subscriber.onError(e);
                }
            });
        }

        @Override
        public void cancel() {
            executor.shutdown();
        }

        private ByteBuffer getNextEvent() {
            ByteBuffer audioBuffer = null;
            byte[] audioBytes = new byte[CHUNK_SIZE_IN_BYTES];

            int len = 0;
            try {
                len = inputStream.read(audioBytes);

                if (len <= 0) {
                    audioBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(0);
                } else {
                    audioBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(audioBytes, 0, len);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
            }

            return audioBuffer;
        }

        private AudioEvent audioEventFromBuffer(ByteBuffer bb) {
            return AudioEvent.builder()
                    .audioChunk(SdkBytes.fromByteBuffer(bb))
                    .build();
        }
    }
}
```
+ For API details, see the following topics in *AWS SDK for Java 2.x API Reference*.
  + [GetTranscriptionJob](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/SdkForJavaV2/transcribe-2017-10-26/GetTranscriptionJob)
  + [StartTranscriptionJob](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/SdkForJavaV2/transcribe-2017-10-26/StartTranscriptionJob)

------
#### [ Python ]

**SDK for Python (Boto3)**  
 There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the [AWS Code Examples Repository](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples/tree/main/python/example_code/transcribe#code-examples). 

```
import time
import boto3


def transcribe_file(job_name, file_uri, transcribe_client):
    transcribe_client.start_transcription_job(
        TranscriptionJobName=job_name,
        Media={"MediaFileUri": file_uri},
        MediaFormat="wav",
        LanguageCode="en-US",
    )

    max_tries = 60
    while max_tries > 0:
        max_tries -= 1
        job = transcribe_client.get_transcription_job(TranscriptionJobName=job_name)
        job_status = job["TranscriptionJob"]["TranscriptionJobStatus"]
        if job_status in ["COMPLETED", "FAILED"]:
            print(f"Job {job_name} is {job_status}.")
            if job_status == "COMPLETED":
                print(
                    f"Download the transcript from\n"
                    f"\t{job['TranscriptionJob']['Transcript']['TranscriptFileUri']}."
                )
            break
        else:
            print(f"Waiting for {job_name}. Current status is {job_status}.")
        time.sleep(10)


def main():
    transcribe_client = boto3.client("transcribe")
    file_uri = "s3://test-transcribe/answer2.wav"
    transcribe_file("Example-job", file_uri, transcribe_client)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
```
+ For API details, see the following topics in *AWS SDK for Python (Boto3) API Reference*.
  + [GetTranscriptionJob](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/transcribe-2017-10-26/GetTranscriptionJob)
  + [StartTranscriptionJob](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/boto3/transcribe-2017-10-26/StartTranscriptionJob)

------