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Python detectors (131/131)

Improper privilege management Spawning a process without main module Integer overflow Catch and swallow exception Insufficient Logging CDK Unauthenticated LDAP requests Path traversal Loose file permissions Exposure of Sensitive Information CDK File injection Incorrect use of Process.terminate API XML External Entity Pytorch use nondeterministic algoritm Set SNS Return Subscription ARN Tensorflow enable ops determinism Outdated subprocess module API Improper input validation Improper authentication Missing pagination Semaphore overflow prevention Insecure cookie Usage of an API that is not recommended - Low Severity Socket connection timeout AWS client not reused in a Lambda function Pytorch assign in place mod Leaky subprocess timeout Pytorch disable gradient calculation Risky use of dict get method XPath injection Missing authorization Multidimensional list initialization using replication is error prone SQL injection Pytorch miss call to eval AWS AppConfig Improper certificate validation URL redirection to untrusted site Mutually exclusive call Notebook best practice violation Stack trace exposure Use of a deprecated method AWS api logging disabled cdk OS command injection AWS credentials logged Missing Authorization CDK Zip bomb attack Sensitive data stored unencrypted due to partial encryption Synchronous publication of AWS Lambda metrics Unrestricted upload of dangerous file type Pytorch redundant softmax Insecure connection using unencrypted protocol Unauthenticated Amazon SNS unsubscribe requests might succeed Insecure Socket Bind Insecure CORS policy Cross-site request forgery Garbage collection prevention in multiprocessing Catch and rethrow exception Weak algorithm used for Password Hashing Missing none check on response metadata Sensitive information leak Client-side KMS reencryption Override of reserved variable names in a Lambda function Docker arbitrary container run Direct dict object modification Catastrophic backtracking regex Resource management errors cdk Resource leak Tensorflow redundant softmax AWS insecure transmission CDK Public method parameter validation Improper error handling Time zone aware datetimes Pytorch control sources of randomness Deadlocks caused by improper multiprocessing API usage Low maintainability with low class cohesion Untrusted AMI images Notebook invalid execution order Confusion between equality and identity in conditional expression Pytorch sigmoid before bceloss Pytorch data loader with multiple workers Pytorch avoid softmax with nllloss Pytorch miss call to zero grad Error prone sequence modification AWS missing encryption of sensitive data cdk Bad exception handling Use of Default Credentials CDK Notebook variable redefinition Do not pass generic exception rule Usage of an API that is not recommended - High Severity Insecure cryptography S3 partial encrypt CDK Cross-site scripting Mutable objects as default arguments of functions Improper Access Control CDK Violation of PEP8 programming recommendations Insecure temporary file or directory Complex code hard to maintain aws kmskey encryption cdk Usage of an API that is not recommended Enabling and overriding debug feature Deserialization of untrusted object Use of an inefficient or incorrect API Avoid using nondeterministic Tensorflow API Inefficient string concatenation inside loop Improper sanitization of wildcards or matching symbols Insecure hashing Using AutoAddPolicy or WarningPolicy Log injection Weak obfuscation of web request Socket close platform compatibility Unsanitized input is run as code Batch request with unchecked failures Inefficient polling of AWS resource Hardcoded interface binding Hardcoded IP address Hardcoded credentials Server-side request forgery Module injection Unnecessary iteration Tensorflow control sources of randomness Missing Authentication for Critical Function CDK Usage of an API that is not recommended - Medium Severity Unsafe Cloudpickle Load Incorrect binding of SNS publish operations PyTorch create tensors directly on device Inefficient new method from hashlib Dangerous global variables Multiple values in return statement is prone to error LDAP injection Clear text credentials Missing S3 bucket owner condition AWS missing encryption CDK

Tensorflow redundant softmax Medium

Computing the cross entropy loss directly from logits using the softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits is numerically more stable than computing a softmax and then the cross entropy. The improvement comes from the internal use of the log-sum-exp trick.

Detector ID

python/tensorflow-redundant-softmax@v1.0

Category

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

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Tags

# machine-learning # correctness

Noncompliant example

1def tensorflow_redundant_softmax_noncompliant():
2    import tensorflow as tf
3    logits = [[4.0, 2.0, 1.0], [0.0, 5.0, 1.0]]
4    labels = [[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.8, 0.2]]
5    # Noncompliant: using `tf.nn.softmax` with
6    # `tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits` is redundant.
7    tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
8     labels=labels, logits=tf.nn.softmax(logits))

Compliant example

1def tensorflow_redundant_softmax_compliant():
2    import tensorflow as tf
3    logits = [[4.0, 2.0, 1.0], [0.0, 5.0, 1.0]]
4    labels = [[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.8, 0.2]]
5    # Compliant: unscaled `logits` is passed directly
6    # to `tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits`.
7    tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=labels, logits=logits)