Use PutObjectAnnotation with an AWS SDK

    def put_object_annotation(
        self,
        bucket_name: str,
        object_key: str,
        annotation_name: str,
        annotation_payload: str,
    ) -> dict:
        """
        Attaches a named annotation payload to an S3 object.

        :param bucket_name: The name of the bucket containing the object.
        :param object_key: The key of the object to annotate.
        :param annotation_name: The name of the annotation (1-512 bytes).
        :param annotation_payload: The annotation content (1 byte to 1 MiB).
        :return: A dict containing the PutObjectAnnotation response with ETag.
        :raises ClientError: If the annotation name is invalid
                             (InvalidAnnotationName) or another error occurs.
        """
        try:
            response = self.s3_client.put_object_annotation(
                Bucket=bucket_name,
                Key=object_key,
                AnnotationName=annotation_name,
                AnnotationPayload=annotation_payload.encode("utf-8"),
            )
            logger.info(
                "Put annotation '%s' on object '%s' in bucket '%s'. ETag: %s",
                annotation_name,
                object_key,
                bucket_name,
                response.get("ETag", "N/A"),
            )
            return response
        except ClientError as err:
            if err.response["Error"]["Code"] == "InvalidAnnotationName":
                logger.error(
                    "Annotation name '%s' is invalid. Names must be 1-512 bytes, "
                    "UTF-8 encoded, and cannot start with 'aws' or 's3'.",
                    annotation_name,
                )
            raise