# WorkSpaces examples using AWS CLI with Bash script
<a name="bash_workspaces_code_examples"></a>

The following code examples show you how to perform actions and implement common scenarios by using the AWS Command Line Interface with Bash script with WorkSpaces.

*Scenarios* are code examples that show you how to accomplish specific tasks by calling multiple functions within a service or combined with other AWS services.

Each example includes a link to the complete source code, where you can find instructions on how to set up and run the code in context.

**Topics**
+ [Scenarios](#scenarios)

## Scenarios
<a name="scenarios"></a>

### Creating and managing Amazon WorkSpaces Personal
<a name="workspaces_GettingStarted_035_bash_topic"></a>

The following code example shows how to:
+ Verify WorkSpaces availability in your region
+ List available WorkSpaces bundles
+ Create a WorkSpace
+ Check the status of your WorkSpace
+ Clean up resources

**AWS CLI with Bash script**  
 There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the [Sample developer tutorials](https://github.com/aws-samples/sample-developer-tutorials/tree/main/tuts/035-workspaces-personal) repository. 

```
#!/bin/bash

# Script to create a WorkSpace in WorkSpaces Personal
# This script follows the workflow described in the AWS documentation
# https://docs.aws.amazon.com/workspaces/latest/adminguide/create-workspaces-personal.html

# Set up logging
LOG_FILE="workspaces_creation.log"
exec > >(tee -a "$LOG_FILE") 2>&1

echo "$(date): Starting WorkSpaces creation script"
echo "=============================================="

# Initialize resource tracking array
declare -a CREATED_RESOURCES

# Function to handle errors
handle_error() {
    echo "ERROR: $1"
    echo "Resources created before error:"
    for resource in "${CREATED_RESOURCES[@]}"; do
        echo "  - $resource"
    done
    exit 1
}

# Function to check if a command succeeded
check_command() {
    # Check for ResourceNotFound.User error specifically
    if echo "$1" | grep -q "ResourceNotFound.User"; then
        echo ""
        echo "ERROR: User not found in the directory."
        echo ""
        echo "This error occurs when the specified username doesn't exist in the directory."
        echo ""
        echo "To resolve this issue:"
        echo "1. Ensure the user exists in the directory before creating a WorkSpace."
        echo "2. For Simple AD and AWS Managed Microsoft AD:"
        echo "   - Connect to a directory-joined instance"
        echo "   - Use Active Directory tools to create the user"
        echo "   - See: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/workspaces/latest/adminguide/manage-users.html"
        echo ""
        echo "3. For AD Connector:"
        echo "   - Create the user in your on-premises Active Directory"
        echo "   - Ensure proper synchronization with the AD Connector"
        echo ""
        echo "4. Alternatively, you can use the AWS Console to create a WorkSpace,"
        echo "   which can create the user automatically in some directory types."
        echo ""
        handle_error "User '$USERNAME' not found in directory '$DIRECTORY_ID'"
    # Check for other errors
    elif echo "$1" | grep -i "error" > /dev/null; then
        handle_error "$1"
    fi
}

# Step 0: Select AWS region
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "AWS REGION SELECTION"
echo "=============================================="
echo "Enter the AWS region to use (e.g., us-east-1, us-west-2):"
read -r AWS_REGION

if [ -z "$AWS_REGION" ]; then
    handle_error "Region cannot be empty"
fi

export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION="$AWS_REGION"
echo "Using AWS region: $AWS_REGION"

# Step 1: Prompt for directory ID
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "DIRECTORY SELECTION"
echo "=============================================="
echo "Listing available directories..."

DIRECTORIES_OUTPUT=$(aws workspaces describe-workspace-directories --output json)
check_command "$DIRECTORIES_OUTPUT"
echo "$DIRECTORIES_OUTPUT"

# Extract directory IDs and display them
DIRECTORY_IDS=$(echo "$DIRECTORIES_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"DirectoryId": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)

if [ -z "$DIRECTORY_IDS" ]; then
    echo "No directories found. Please create a directory first using AWS Directory Service."
    echo "For more information, see: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/workspaces/latest/adminguide/register-deregister-directory.html"
    exit 1
fi

echo ""
echo "Available directory IDs:"
echo "$DIRECTORY_IDS"
echo ""
echo "Enter the directory ID you want to use:"
read -r DIRECTORY_ID

# Validate directory ID
if ! echo "$DIRECTORY_IDS" | grep -q "$DIRECTORY_ID"; then
    echo "Directory ID $DIRECTORY_ID not found in the list of available directories."
    echo "Please check the ID and try again."
    exit 1
fi

echo "Selected directory ID: $DIRECTORY_ID"

# Step 2: Check if directory is registered with WorkSpaces
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "CHECKING DIRECTORY REGISTRATION"
echo "=============================================="

REGISTERED=$(echo "$DIRECTORIES_OUTPUT" | grep -A 5 "\"DirectoryId\": \"$DIRECTORY_ID\"" | grep -c "\"State\": \"REGISTERED\"")

if [ "$REGISTERED" -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "Directory $DIRECTORY_ID is not registered with WorkSpaces. Registering now..."
    REGISTER_OUTPUT=$(aws workspaces register-workspace-directory --directory-id "$DIRECTORY_ID")
    check_command "$REGISTER_OUTPUT"
    echo "Directory registration initiated. This may take a few minutes."
    
    # Add to resource tracking
    CREATED_RESOURCES+=("Directory registration: $DIRECTORY_ID")
    
    # Wait for directory to be registered
    echo "Waiting for directory registration to complete..."
    sleep 30
    
    # Check registration status
    REGISTRATION_CHECK=$(aws workspaces describe-workspace-directories --directory-ids "$DIRECTORY_ID")
    check_command "$REGISTRATION_CHECK"
    
    REGISTRATION_STATE=$(echo "$REGISTRATION_CHECK" | grep -o '"State": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)
    if [ "$REGISTRATION_STATE" != "REGISTERED" ]; then
        echo "Directory registration is still in progress. Current state: $REGISTRATION_STATE"
        echo "Please check the AWS console for the final status."
        echo "You may need to wait a few minutes before proceeding."
    else
        echo "Directory successfully registered with WorkSpaces."
    fi
else
    echo "Directory $DIRECTORY_ID is already registered with WorkSpaces."
fi

# Get directory type to provide appropriate user guidance
DIRECTORY_TYPE=$(echo "$DIRECTORIES_OUTPUT" | grep -A 10 "\"DirectoryId\": \"$DIRECTORY_ID\"" | grep -o '"DirectoryType": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)
echo "Directory type: $DIRECTORY_TYPE"

# Display user creation guidance based on directory type
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "USER CREATION GUIDANCE"
echo "=============================================="
case "$DIRECTORY_TYPE" in
    "SimpleAD" | "MicrosoftAD")
        echo "For $DIRECTORY_TYPE, users must be created using Active Directory tools."
        echo "1. Connect to a directory-joined EC2 instance"
        echo "2. Use Active Directory Users and Computers to create users"
        echo "3. For detailed instructions, see: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/workspaces/latest/adminguide/manage-users.html"
        ;;
    "ADConnector")
        echo "For AD Connector, users must exist in your on-premises Active Directory."
        echo "1. Create the user in your on-premises Active Directory"
        echo "2. Ensure the user is in an OU that is within the scope of your AD Connector"
        echo "3. For detailed instructions, see: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/directoryservice/latest/admin-guide/ad_connector_management.html"
        ;;
    *)
        echo "For this directory type, ensure users exist before creating WorkSpaces."
        echo "For detailed instructions, see: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/workspaces/latest/adminguide/manage-users.html"
        ;;
esac
echo ""

# Step 3: List available bundles
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "BUNDLE SELECTION"
echo "=============================================="
echo "Listing available WorkSpace bundles..."

# Get bundles with a format that's easier to parse
BUNDLES_OUTPUT=$(aws workspaces describe-workspace-bundles --owner AMAZON --output text --query "Bundles[*].[BundleId,Name,ComputeType.Name,RootStorage.Capacity,UserStorage.Capacity]")
check_command "$BUNDLES_OUTPUT"

# Extract bundle information and display in a numbered list
echo "Available bundles:"
echo "-----------------"
echo "NUM | BUNDLE ID | NAME | COMPUTE TYPE | ROOT STORAGE | USER STORAGE"
echo "-----------------------------------------------------------------"

# Create arrays to store bundle information
declare -a BUNDLE_IDS
declare -a BUNDLE_NAMES

# Process the output to extract bundle information
COUNT=1
while IFS=$'\t' read -r BUNDLE_ID BUNDLE_NAME COMPUTE_TYPE ROOT_STORAGE USER_STORAGE || [[ -n "$BUNDLE_ID" ]]; do
    # Store in arrays
    BUNDLE_IDS[$COUNT]="$BUNDLE_ID"
    BUNDLE_NAMES[$COUNT]="$BUNDLE_NAME"
    
    # Display with number
    echo "$COUNT | $BUNDLE_ID | $BUNDLE_NAME | $COMPUTE_TYPE | $ROOT_STORAGE GB | $USER_STORAGE GB"
    
    ((COUNT++))
done <<< "$BUNDLES_OUTPUT"

# Prompt for selection
echo ""
echo "Enter the number of the bundle you want to use (1-$((COUNT-1))):"
read -r BUNDLE_SELECTION

# Validate selection
if ! [[ "$BUNDLE_SELECTION" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || [ "$BUNDLE_SELECTION" -lt 1 ] || [ "$BUNDLE_SELECTION" -ge "$COUNT" ]; then
    handle_error "Invalid bundle selection. Please enter a number between 1 and $((COUNT-1))."
fi

# Get the selected bundle ID
BUNDLE_ID="${BUNDLE_IDS[$BUNDLE_SELECTION]}"
BUNDLE_NAME="${BUNDLE_NAMES[$BUNDLE_SELECTION]}"

echo "Selected bundle: $BUNDLE_NAME (ID: $BUNDLE_ID)"

# Step 4: Prompt for username
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "USER INFORMATION"
echo "=============================================="
echo "Enter the username for the WorkSpace:"
read -r USERNAME

echo "NOTE: The user must already exist in the directory for the WorkSpace creation to succeed."
echo "If you're using Simple AD or AWS Managed Microsoft AD, the user must be created using Active Directory tools."
echo "If you're using AD Connector, the user must exist in your on-premises Active Directory."
echo ""

echo "Enter the user's first name:"
read -r FIRST_NAME

echo "Enter the user's last name:"
read -r LAST_NAME

echo "Enter the user's email address:"
read -r EMAIL

# Step 5: Choose running mode
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "RUNNING MODE SELECTION"
echo "=============================================="
echo "Select running mode:"
echo "1. AlwaysOn (billed monthly)"
echo "2. AutoStop (billed hourly)"
read -r RUNNING_MODE_CHOICE

if [ "$RUNNING_MODE_CHOICE" = "1" ]; then
    RUNNING_MODE="ALWAYS_ON"
    AUTO_STOP_TIMEOUT=""
else
    RUNNING_MODE="AUTO_STOP"
    AUTO_STOP_TIMEOUT=60
fi

echo "Selected running mode: $RUNNING_MODE"

# Step 6: Add tags (optional)
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "TAGS (OPTIONAL)"
echo "=============================================="
echo "Would you like to add tags to your WorkSpace? (y/n):"
read -r ADD_TAGS

TAGS_JSON=""
if [ "$ADD_TAGS" = "y" ] || [ "$ADD_TAGS" = "Y" ]; then
    echo "Enter tag key (e.g., Department):"
    read -r TAG_KEY
    
    echo "Enter tag value (e.g., IT):"
    read -r TAG_VALUE
    
    TAGS_JSON="[{\"Key\":\"$TAG_KEY\",\"Value\":\"$TAG_VALUE\"}]"
fi

# Step 7: Create the WorkSpace
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "CREATING WORKSPACE"
echo "=============================================="
echo "Creating WorkSpace with the following parameters:"
echo "Directory ID: $DIRECTORY_ID"
echo "Username: $USERNAME"
echo "Bundle ID: $BUNDLE_ID"
echo "Running Mode: $RUNNING_MODE"
if [ -n "$TAGS_JSON" ]; then
    echo "Tags: $TAG_KEY=$TAG_VALUE"
fi

# Create JSON for workspace properties
if [ "$RUNNING_MODE" = "AUTO_STOP" ]; then
    PROPERTIES_JSON="{\"RunningMode\":\"$RUNNING_MODE\",\"RunningModeAutoStopTimeoutInMinutes\":$AUTO_STOP_TIMEOUT}"
else
    PROPERTIES_JSON="{\"RunningMode\":\"$RUNNING_MODE\"}"
fi

# Create JSON for workspaces parameter
WORKSPACE_JSON="{\"DirectoryId\":\"$DIRECTORY_ID\",\"UserName\":\"$USERNAME\",\"BundleId\":\"$BUNDLE_ID\",\"WorkspaceProperties\":$PROPERTIES_JSON"

# Add tags if specified
if [ -n "$TAGS_JSON" ]; then
    WORKSPACE_JSON="$WORKSPACE_JSON,\"Tags\":$TAGS_JSON"
fi

# Close the JSON object
WORKSPACE_JSON="$WORKSPACE_JSON}"

# Construct the create-workspaces command
CREATE_COMMAND="aws workspaces create-workspaces --workspaces '$WORKSPACE_JSON'"

echo "Executing: $CREATE_COMMAND"
CREATE_OUTPUT=$(eval "$CREATE_COMMAND")
check_command "$CREATE_OUTPUT"
echo "$CREATE_OUTPUT"

# Extract WorkSpace ID
WORKSPACE_ID=$(echo "$CREATE_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"WorkspaceId": "[^"]*' | head -1 | cut -d'"' -f4)

if [ -z "$WORKSPACE_ID" ]; then
    handle_error "Failed to extract WorkSpace ID from creation output."
fi

echo "WorkSpace creation initiated. WorkSpace ID: $WORKSPACE_ID"
CREATED_RESOURCES+=("WorkSpace: $WORKSPACE_ID")

# Step 8: Check WorkSpace status
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "CHECKING WORKSPACE STATUS"
echo "=============================================="
echo "Checking status of WorkSpace $WORKSPACE_ID..."

# Initial status check
STATUS_OUTPUT=$(aws workspaces describe-workspaces --workspace-ids "$WORKSPACE_ID")
check_command "$STATUS_OUTPUT"
echo "$STATUS_OUTPUT"

WORKSPACE_STATE=$(echo "$STATUS_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"State": "[^"]*' | head -1 | cut -d'"' -f4)
echo "Current WorkSpace state: $WORKSPACE_STATE"

# Wait for WorkSpace to be available (this can take 20+ minutes)
echo ""
echo "WorkSpace creation is in progress. This can take 20+ minutes."
echo "The script will check the status every 60 seconds."
echo "Press Ctrl+C to exit the script at any time. The WorkSpace will continue to be created."

while [ "$WORKSPACE_STATE" = "PENDING" ]; do
    echo "$(date): WorkSpace state is still PENDING. Waiting 60 seconds before checking again..."
    sleep 60
    
    STATUS_OUTPUT=$(aws workspaces describe-workspaces --workspace-ids "$WORKSPACE_ID")
    check_command "$STATUS_OUTPUT"
    
    WORKSPACE_STATE=$(echo "$STATUS_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"State": "[^"]*' | head -1 | cut -d'"' -f4)
    echo "$(date): Current WorkSpace state: $WORKSPACE_STATE"
    
    # If state is ERROR or UNHEALTHY, exit
    if [ "$WORKSPACE_STATE" = "ERROR" ] || [ "$WORKSPACE_STATE" = "UNHEALTHY" ]; then
        handle_error "WorkSpace creation failed. Final state: $WORKSPACE_STATE"
    fi
    
    # If state is AVAILABLE, break the loop
    if [ "$WORKSPACE_STATE" = "AVAILABLE" ]; then
        break
    fi
done

# Step 9: Display WorkSpace information
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "WORKSPACE CREATION COMPLETE"
echo "=============================================="
echo "WorkSpace has been successfully created!"
echo "WorkSpace ID: $WORKSPACE_ID"
echo "Directory ID: $DIRECTORY_ID"
echo "Username: $USERNAME"
echo "Running Mode: $RUNNING_MODE"

# Step 10: Remind about invitation emails
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "INVITATION EMAILS"
echo "=============================================="
echo "IMPORTANT: If you're using AD Connector or a trust relationship, or if the user already exists in Active Directory,"
echo "invitation emails are not sent automatically. You'll need to manually send an invitation email."
echo "For more information, see: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/workspaces/latest/adminguide/manage-workspaces-users.html#send-invitation"

# Step 11: Cleanup confirmation
echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "CLEANUP CONFIRMATION"
echo "=============================================="
echo "Resources created:"
for resource in "${CREATED_RESOURCES[@]}"; do
    echo "  - $resource"
done

echo ""
echo "Do you want to clean up all created resources? (y/n):"
read -r CLEANUP_CHOICE

if [ "$CLEANUP_CHOICE" = "y" ] || [ "$CLEANUP_CHOICE" = "Y" ]; then
    echo ""
    echo "=============================================="
    echo "CLEANING UP RESOURCES"
    echo "=============================================="
    
    # Terminate WorkSpace
    if [ -n "$WORKSPACE_ID" ]; then
        echo "Terminating WorkSpace $WORKSPACE_ID..."
        TERMINATE_OUTPUT=$(aws workspaces terminate-workspaces --terminate-workspace-requests WorkspaceId="$WORKSPACE_ID")
        check_command "$TERMINATE_OUTPUT"
        echo "$TERMINATE_OUTPUT"
        echo "WorkSpace termination initiated. This may take a few minutes."
    fi
    
    # Deregister directory (only if we registered it in this script)
    if [[ " ${CREATED_RESOURCES[*]} " == *"Directory registration: $DIRECTORY_ID"* ]]; then
        echo "Deregistering directory $DIRECTORY_ID from WorkSpaces..."
        DEREGISTER_OUTPUT=$(aws workspaces deregister-workspace-directory --directory-id "$DIRECTORY_ID")
        check_command "$DEREGISTER_OUTPUT"
        echo "$DEREGISTER_OUTPUT"
        echo "Directory deregistration initiated. This may take a few minutes."
    fi
    
    echo "Cleanup completed."
else
    echo "Skipping cleanup. Resources will remain in your AWS account."
fi

echo ""
echo "=============================================="
echo "SCRIPT COMPLETED"
echo "=============================================="
echo "Log file: $LOG_FILE"
echo "Thank you for using the WorkSpaces creation script!"
```
+ For API details, see the following topics in *AWS CLI Command Reference*.
  + [CreateWorkspaces](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/workspaces-2015-04-08/CreateWorkspaces)
  + [DeregisterWorkspaceDirectory](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/workspaces-2015-04-08/DeregisterWorkspaceDirectory)
  + [DescribeWorkspaceBundles](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/workspaces-2015-04-08/DescribeWorkspaceBundles)
  + [DescribeWorkspaceDirectories](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/workspaces-2015-04-08/DescribeWorkspaceDirectories)
  + [DescribeWorkspaces](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/workspaces-2015-04-08/DescribeWorkspaces)
  + [RegisterWorkspaceDirectory](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/workspaces-2015-04-08/RegisterWorkspaceDirectory)
  + [TerminateWorkspaces](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/workspaces-2015-04-08/TerminateWorkspaces)