There are more AWS SDK examples available in the [AWS Doc SDK Examples](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples) GitHub repo.

# Systems Manager examples using AWS CLI with Bash script
<a name="bash_2_ssm_code_examples"></a>

The following code examples show you how to perform actions and implement common scenarios by using the AWS Command Line Interface with Bash script with Systems Manager.

*Scenarios* are code examples that show you how to accomplish specific tasks by calling multiple functions within a service or combined with other AWS services.

Each example includes a link to the complete source code, where you can find instructions on how to set up and run the code in context.

**Topics**
+ [Scenarios](#scenarios)

## Scenarios
<a name="scenarios"></a>

### Creating an Amazon ECS service for the EC2 launch type
<a name="ecs_GettingStarted_018_bash_2_topic"></a>

The following code example shows how to:
+ Create an ECS cluster
+ Create and monitor a service
+ Clean up resources

**AWS CLI with Bash script**  
 There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the [Sample developer tutorials](https://github.com/aws-samples/sample-developer-tutorials/tree/main/tuts/018-ecs-ec2) repository. 

```
#!/bin/bash

# ECS EC2 Launch Type Tutorial Script - UPDATED VERSION
# This script demonstrates creating an ECS cluster, launching a container instance,
# registering a task definition, and creating a service using the EC2 launch type.
# Updated to match the tutorial draft with nginx web server and service creation.
#
# - UPDATED: Changed from sleep task to nginx web server with service

set -e  # Exit on any error

# Configuration
SCRIPT_NAME="ecs-ec2-tutorial"
LOG_FILE="${SCRIPT_NAME}-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).log"
CLUSTER_NAME="tutorial-cluster-$(openssl rand -hex 4)"
TASK_FAMILY="nginx-task-$(openssl rand -hex 4)"
SERVICE_NAME="nginx-service-$(openssl rand -hex 4)"
KEY_PAIR_NAME="ecs-tutorial-key-$(openssl rand -hex 4)"
SECURITY_GROUP_NAME="ecs-tutorial-sg-$(openssl rand -hex 4)"

# Get current AWS region dynamically
AWS_REGION=$(aws configure get region || echo "us-east-1")

# Resource tracking arrays
CREATED_RESOURCES=()
CLEANUP_ORDER=()

# Logging function
log() {
    echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}

# Error handling function
handle_error() {
    local exit_code=$?
    log "ERROR: Script failed with exit code $exit_code"
    log "ERROR: Last command: $BASH_COMMAND"
    
    echo ""
    echo "==========================================="
    echo "ERROR OCCURRED - ATTEMPTING CLEANUP"
    echo "==========================================="
    echo "Resources created before error:"
    for resource in "${CREATED_RESOURCES[@]}"; do
        echo "  - $resource"
    done
    
    cleanup_resources
    exit $exit_code
}

# Set error trap
trap handle_error ERR

# FIXED: Enhanced cleanup function with proper error handling and logging
cleanup_resources() {
    log "Starting cleanup process..."
    local cleanup_errors=0
    
    # Delete service first (this will stop tasks automatically)
    if [[ -n "${SERVICE_ARN:-}" ]]; then
        log "Updating service to desired count 0: $SERVICE_NAME"
        if ! aws ecs update-service --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --service "$SERVICE_NAME" --desired-count 0 2>>"$LOG_FILE"; then
            log "WARNING: Failed to update service desired count to 0"
            ((cleanup_errors++))
        else
            log "Waiting for service tasks to stop..."
            sleep 30  # Give time for tasks to stop
        fi
        
        log "Deleting service: $SERVICE_NAME"
        if ! aws ecs delete-service --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --service "$SERVICE_NAME" 2>>"$LOG_FILE"; then
            log "WARNING: Failed to delete service $SERVICE_NAME"
            ((cleanup_errors++))
        fi
    fi
    
    # Stop and delete any remaining tasks
    if [[ -n "${TASK_ARN:-}" ]]; then
        log "Stopping task: $TASK_ARN"
        if ! aws ecs stop-task --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --task "$TASK_ARN" --reason "Tutorial cleanup" 2>>"$LOG_FILE"; then
            log "WARNING: Failed to stop task $TASK_ARN"
            ((cleanup_errors++))
        else
            log "Waiting for task to stop..."
            if ! aws ecs wait tasks-stopped --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --tasks "$TASK_ARN" 2>>"$LOG_FILE"; then
                log "WARNING: Task stop wait failed for $TASK_ARN"
                ((cleanup_errors++))
            fi
        fi
    fi
    
    # Deregister task definition
    if [[ -n "${TASK_DEFINITION_ARN:-}" ]]; then
        log "Deregistering task definition: $TASK_DEFINITION_ARN"
        if ! aws ecs deregister-task-definition --task-definition "$TASK_DEFINITION_ARN" 2>>"$LOG_FILE"; then
            log "WARNING: Failed to deregister task definition $TASK_DEFINITION_ARN"
            ((cleanup_errors++))
        fi
    fi
    
    # Terminate EC2 instance
    if [[ -n "${INSTANCE_ID:-}" ]]; then
        log "Terminating EC2 instance: $INSTANCE_ID"
        if ! aws ec2 terminate-instances --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" 2>>"$LOG_FILE"; then
            log "WARNING: Failed to terminate instance $INSTANCE_ID"
            ((cleanup_errors++))
        else
            log "Waiting for instance to terminate..."
            if ! aws ec2 wait instance-terminated --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" 2>>"$LOG_FILE"; then
                log "WARNING: Instance termination wait failed for $INSTANCE_ID"
                ((cleanup_errors++))
            fi
        fi
    fi
    
    # Delete security group with retry logic
    if [[ -n "${SECURITY_GROUP_ID:-}" ]]; then
        log "Deleting security group: $SECURITY_GROUP_ID"
        local retry_count=0
        local max_retries=3
        
        while [[ $retry_count -lt $max_retries ]]; do
            if aws ec2 delete-security-group --group-id "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" 2>>"$LOG_FILE"; then
                log "Successfully deleted security group"
                break
            else
                ((retry_count++))
                if [[ $retry_count -lt $max_retries ]]; then
                    log "Retry $retry_count/$max_retries: Waiting 10 seconds before retrying security group deletion..."
                    sleep 10
                else
                    log "ERROR: Failed to delete security group after $max_retries attempts"
                    ((cleanup_errors++))
                fi
            fi
        done
    fi
    
    # Delete key pair
    if [[ -n "${KEY_PAIR_NAME:-}" ]]; then
        log "Deleting key pair: $KEY_PAIR_NAME"
        if ! aws ec2 delete-key-pair --key-name "$KEY_PAIR_NAME" 2>>"$LOG_FILE"; then
            log "WARNING: Failed to delete key pair $KEY_PAIR_NAME"
            ((cleanup_errors++))
        fi
        rm -f "${KEY_PAIR_NAME}.pem" 2>>"$LOG_FILE" || log "WARNING: Failed to remove local key file"
    fi
    
    # Delete ECS cluster
    if [[ -n "${CLUSTER_NAME:-}" ]]; then
        log "Deleting ECS cluster: $CLUSTER_NAME"
        if ! aws ecs delete-cluster --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" 2>>"$LOG_FILE"; then
            log "WARNING: Failed to delete cluster $CLUSTER_NAME"
            ((cleanup_errors++))
        fi
    fi
    
    if [[ $cleanup_errors -eq 0 ]]; then
        log "Cleanup completed successfully"
    else
        log "Cleanup completed with $cleanup_errors warnings/errors. Check log file for details."
    fi
}

# Function to check prerequisites
check_prerequisites() {
    log "Checking prerequisites..."
    
    # Check AWS CLI
    if ! command -v aws &> /dev/null; then
        log "ERROR: AWS CLI is not installed"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    # Check AWS credentials
    if ! aws sts get-caller-identity &> /dev/null; then
        log "ERROR: AWS credentials not configured"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    # Get caller identity
    CALLER_IDENTITY=$(aws sts get-caller-identity --output text --query 'Account')
    log "AWS Account: $CALLER_IDENTITY"
    log "AWS Region: $AWS_REGION"
    
    # Check for default VPC
    DEFAULT_VPC=$(aws ec2 describe-vpcs --filters "Name=is-default,Values=true" --query 'Vpcs[0].VpcId' --output text)
    if [[ "$DEFAULT_VPC" == "None" ]]; then
        log "ERROR: No default VPC found. Please create a VPC first."
        exit 1
    fi
    log "Using default VPC: $DEFAULT_VPC"
    
    # Get default subnet
    DEFAULT_SUBNET=$(aws ec2 describe-subnets --filters "Name=vpc-id,Values=$DEFAULT_VPC" "Name=default-for-az,Values=true" --query 'Subnets[0].SubnetId' --output text)
    if [[ "$DEFAULT_SUBNET" == "None" ]]; then
        log "ERROR: No default subnet found"
        exit 1
    fi
    log "Using default subnet: $DEFAULT_SUBNET"
    
    log "Prerequisites check completed successfully"
}

# Function to create ECS cluster
create_cluster() {
    log "Creating ECS cluster: $CLUSTER_NAME"
    
    CLUSTER_ARN=$(aws ecs create-cluster --cluster-name "$CLUSTER_NAME" --query 'cluster.clusterArn' --output text)
    
    if [[ -z "$CLUSTER_ARN" ]]; then
        log "ERROR: Failed to create cluster"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    log "Created cluster: $CLUSTER_ARN"
    CREATED_RESOURCES+=("ECS Cluster: $CLUSTER_NAME")
}

# Function to create key pair
create_key_pair() {
    log "Creating EC2 key pair: $KEY_PAIR_NAME"
    
    # FIXED: Set secure umask before key creation
    umask 077
    aws ec2 create-key-pair --key-name "$KEY_PAIR_NAME" --query 'KeyMaterial' --output text > "${KEY_PAIR_NAME}.pem"
    chmod 400 "${KEY_PAIR_NAME}.pem"
    umask 022  # Reset umask
    
    log "Created key pair: $KEY_PAIR_NAME"
    CREATED_RESOURCES+=("EC2 Key Pair: $KEY_PAIR_NAME")
}

# Function to create security group
create_security_group() {
    log "Creating security group: $SECURITY_GROUP_NAME"
    
    SECURITY_GROUP_ID=$(aws ec2 create-security-group \
        --group-name "$SECURITY_GROUP_NAME" \
        --description "ECS tutorial security group" \
        --vpc-id "$DEFAULT_VPC" \
        --query 'GroupId' --output text)
    
    if [[ -z "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" ]]; then
        log "ERROR: Failed to create security group"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    # Add HTTP access rule for nginx web server
    aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
        --group-id "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" \
        --protocol tcp \
        --port 80 \
        --cidr "0.0.0.0/0"
    
    log "Created security group: $SECURITY_GROUP_ID"
    log "Added HTTP access on port 80"
    CREATED_RESOURCES+=("Security Group: $SECURITY_GROUP_ID")
}

# Function to get ECS optimized AMI
get_ecs_ami() {
    log "Getting ECS-optimized AMI ID..."
    
    ECS_AMI_ID=$(aws ssm get-parameters \
        --names /aws/service/ecs/optimized-ami/amazon-linux-2/recommended \
        --query 'Parameters[0].Value' --output text | jq -r '.image_id')
    
    if [[ -z "$ECS_AMI_ID" ]]; then
        log "ERROR: Failed to get ECS-optimized AMI ID"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    log "ECS-optimized AMI ID: $ECS_AMI_ID"
}

# Function to create IAM role for ECS instance (if it doesn't exist)
ensure_ecs_instance_role() {
    log "Checking for ecsInstanceRole..."
    
    if ! aws iam get-role --role-name ecsInstanceRole &> /dev/null; then
        log "Creating ecsInstanceRole..."
        
        # Create trust policy
        cat > ecs-instance-trust-policy.json << 'EOF'
{
  "Version":"2012-10-17",		 	 	 
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "Service": "ec2.amazonaws.com"
      },
      "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
        
        # Create role
        aws iam create-role \
            --role-name ecsInstanceRole \
            --assume-role-policy-document file://ecs-instance-trust-policy.json
        
        # Attach managed policy
        aws iam attach-role-policy \
            --role-name ecsInstanceRole \
            --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AmazonEC2ContainerServiceforEC2Role
        
        # Create instance profile
        aws iam create-instance-profile --instance-profile-name ecsInstanceRole
        
        # Add role to instance profile
        aws iam add-role-to-instance-profile \
            --instance-profile-name ecsInstanceRole \
            --role-name ecsInstanceRole
        
        # FIXED: Enhanced wait for role to be ready
        log "Waiting for IAM role to be ready..."
        aws iam wait role-exists --role-name ecsInstanceRole
        sleep 30  # Additional buffer for eventual consistency
        
        rm -f ecs-instance-trust-policy.json
        log "Created ecsInstanceRole"
        CREATED_RESOURCES+=("IAM Role: ecsInstanceRole")
    else
        log "ecsInstanceRole already exists"
    fi
}

# Function to launch container instance
launch_container_instance() {
    log "Launching ECS container instance..."
    
    # Create user data script
    cat > ecs-user-data.sh << EOF
#!/bin/bash
echo ECS_CLUSTER=$CLUSTER_NAME >> /etc/ecs/ecs.config
EOF
    
    INSTANCE_ID=$(aws ec2 run-instances \
        --image-id "$ECS_AMI_ID" \
        --instance-type t3.micro \
        --key-name "$KEY_PAIR_NAME" \
        --security-group-ids "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" \
        --subnet-id "$DEFAULT_SUBNET" \
        --iam-instance-profile Name=ecsInstanceRole \
        --user-data file://ecs-user-data.sh \
        --tag-specifications "ResourceType=instance,Tags=[{Key=Name,Value=ecs-tutorial-instance}]" \
        --query 'Instances[0].InstanceId' --output text)
    
    if [[ -z "$INSTANCE_ID" ]]; then
        log "ERROR: Failed to launch EC2 instance"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    log "Launched EC2 instance: $INSTANCE_ID"
    CREATED_RESOURCES+=("EC2 Instance: $INSTANCE_ID")
    
    # Wait for instance to be running
    log "Waiting for instance to be running..."
    aws ec2 wait instance-running --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID"
    
    # Wait for ECS agent to register
    log "Waiting for ECS agent to register with cluster..."
    local max_attempts=30
    local attempt=0
    
    while [[ $attempt -lt $max_attempts ]]; do
        CONTAINER_INSTANCES=$(aws ecs list-container-instances --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --query 'containerInstanceArns' --output text)
        if [[ -n "$CONTAINER_INSTANCES" && "$CONTAINER_INSTANCES" != "None" ]]; then
            log "Container instance registered successfully"
            break
        fi
        
        attempt=$((attempt + 1))
        log "Waiting for container instance registration... (attempt $attempt/$max_attempts)"
        sleep 10
    done
    
    if [[ $attempt -eq $max_attempts ]]; then
        log "ERROR: Container instance failed to register within expected time"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    rm -f ecs-user-data.sh
}

# Function to register task definition
register_task_definition() {
    log "Creating task definition..."
    
    # Create nginx task definition JSON matching the tutorial
    cat > task-definition.json << EOF
{
    "family": "$TASK_FAMILY",
    "containerDefinitions": [
        {
            "name": "nginx",
            "image": "public.ecr.aws/docker/library/nginx:latest",
            "cpu": 256,
            "memory": 512,
            "essential": true,
            "portMappings": [
                {
                    "containerPort": 80,
                    "hostPort": 80,
                    "protocol": "tcp"
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "requiresCompatibilities": ["EC2"],
    "networkMode": "bridge"
}
EOF
    
    # FIXED: Validate JSON before registration
    if ! jq empty task-definition.json 2>/dev/null; then
        log "ERROR: Invalid JSON in task definition"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    TASK_DEFINITION_ARN=$(aws ecs register-task-definition \
        --cli-input-json file://task-definition.json \
        --query 'taskDefinition.taskDefinitionArn' --output text)
    
    if [[ -z "$TASK_DEFINITION_ARN" ]]; then
        log "ERROR: Failed to register task definition"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    log "Registered task definition: $TASK_DEFINITION_ARN"
    CREATED_RESOURCES+=("Task Definition: $TASK_DEFINITION_ARN")
    
    rm -f task-definition.json
}

# Function to create service
create_service() {
    log "Creating ECS service..."
    
    SERVICE_ARN=$(aws ecs create-service \
        --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" \
        --service-name "$SERVICE_NAME" \
        --task-definition "$TASK_FAMILY" \
        --desired-count 1 \
        --query 'service.serviceArn' --output text)
    
    if [[ -z "$SERVICE_ARN" ]]; then
        log "ERROR: Failed to create service"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    log "Created service: $SERVICE_ARN"
    CREATED_RESOURCES+=("ECS Service: $SERVICE_NAME")
    
    # Wait for service to be stable
    log "Waiting for service to be stable..."
    aws ecs wait services-stable --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --services "$SERVICE_NAME"
    
    log "Service is now stable and running"
    
    # Get the task ARN for monitoring
    TASK_ARN=$(aws ecs list-tasks --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --service-name "$SERVICE_NAME" --query 'taskArns[0]' --output text)
    if [[ -n "$TASK_ARN" && "$TASK_ARN" != "None" ]]; then
        log "Service task: $TASK_ARN"
        CREATED_RESOURCES+=("ECS Task: $TASK_ARN")
    fi
}

# Function to demonstrate monitoring and testing
demonstrate_monitoring() {
    log "Demonstrating monitoring capabilities..."
    
    # List services
    log "Listing services in cluster:"
    aws ecs list-services --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --output table
    
    # Describe service
    log "Service details:"
    aws ecs describe-services --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --services "$SERVICE_NAME" --output table --query 'services[0].{ServiceName:serviceName,Status:status,RunningCount:runningCount,DesiredCount:desiredCount,TaskDefinition:taskDefinition}'
    
    # List tasks
    log "Listing tasks in service:"
    aws ecs list-tasks --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --service-name "$SERVICE_NAME" --output table
    
    # Describe task
    if [[ -n "$TASK_ARN" && "$TASK_ARN" != "None" ]]; then
        log "Task details:"
        aws ecs describe-tasks --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --tasks "$TASK_ARN" --output table --query 'tasks[0].{TaskArn:taskArn,LastStatus:lastStatus,DesiredStatus:desiredStatus,CreatedAt:createdAt}'
    fi
    
    # List container instances
    log "Container instances in cluster:"
    aws ecs list-container-instances --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --output table
    
    # Describe container instance
    CONTAINER_INSTANCE_ARN=$(aws ecs list-container-instances --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --query 'containerInstanceArns[0]' --output text)
    if [[ -n "$CONTAINER_INSTANCE_ARN" && "$CONTAINER_INSTANCE_ARN" != "None" ]]; then
        log "Container instance details:"
        aws ecs describe-container-instances --cluster "$CLUSTER_NAME" --container-instances "$CONTAINER_INSTANCE_ARN" --output table --query 'containerInstances[0].{Arn:containerInstanceArn,Status:status,RunningTasks:runningTasksCount,PendingTasks:pendingTasksCount}'
    fi
    
    # Test the nginx web server
    log "Testing nginx web server..."
    PUBLIC_IP=$(aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" --query 'Reservations[0].Instances[0].PublicIpAddress' --output text)
    
    if [[ -n "$PUBLIC_IP" && "$PUBLIC_IP" != "None" ]]; then
        log "Container instance public IP: $PUBLIC_IP"
        log "Testing HTTP connection to nginx..."
        
        # Wait a moment for nginx to be fully ready
        sleep 10
        
        if curl -s --connect-timeout 10 "http://$PUBLIC_IP" | grep -q "Welcome to nginx"; then
            log "SUCCESS: Nginx web server is responding correctly"
            echo ""
            echo "==========================================="
            echo "WEB SERVER TEST SUCCESSFUL"
            echo "==========================================="
            echo "You can access your nginx web server at: http://$PUBLIC_IP"
            echo "The nginx welcome page should be visible in your browser."
        else
            log "WARNING: Nginx web server may not be fully ready yet. Try accessing http://$PUBLIC_IP in a few minutes."
        fi
    else
        log "WARNING: Could not retrieve public IP address"
    fi
}

# Main execution
main() {
    log "Starting ECS EC2 Launch Type Tutorial (UPDATED VERSION)"
    log "Log file: $LOG_FILE"
    
    check_prerequisites
    create_cluster
    create_key_pair
    create_security_group
    get_ecs_ami
    ensure_ecs_instance_role
    launch_container_instance
    register_task_definition
    create_service
    demonstrate_monitoring
    
    log "Tutorial completed successfully!"
    
    echo ""
    echo "==========================================="
    echo "TUTORIAL COMPLETED SUCCESSFULLY"
    echo "==========================================="
    echo "Resources created:"
    for resource in "${CREATED_RESOURCES[@]}"; do
        echo "  - $resource"
    done
    echo ""
    echo "The nginx service will continue running and maintain the desired task count."
    echo "You can monitor the service status using:"
    echo "  aws ecs describe-services --cluster $CLUSTER_NAME --services $SERVICE_NAME"
    echo ""
    if [[ -n "${PUBLIC_IP:-}" ]]; then
        echo "Access your web server at: http://$PUBLIC_IP"
        echo ""
    fi
    echo "==========================================="
    echo "CLEANUP CONFIRMATION"
    echo "==========================================="
    echo "Do you want to clean up all created resources? (y/n): "
    read -r CLEANUP_CHOICE
    
    if [[ "$CLEANUP_CHOICE" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
        cleanup_resources
        log "All resources have been cleaned up"
    else
        log "Resources left running. Remember to clean them up manually to avoid charges."
        echo ""
        echo "To clean up manually later, run these commands:"
        echo "  aws ecs update-service --cluster $CLUSTER_NAME --service $SERVICE_NAME --desired-count 0"
        echo "  aws ecs delete-service --cluster $CLUSTER_NAME --service $SERVICE_NAME"
        echo "  aws ecs delete-cluster --cluster $CLUSTER_NAME"
        echo "  aws ec2 terminate-instances --instance-ids $INSTANCE_ID"
        echo "  aws ec2 delete-security-group --group-id $SECURITY_GROUP_ID"
        echo "  aws ec2 delete-key-pair --key-name $KEY_PAIR_NAME"
    fi
    
    log "Script execution completed"
}

# Run main function
main "$@"
```
+ For API details, see the following topics in *AWS CLI Command Reference*.
  + [AddRoleToInstanceProfile](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/AddRoleToInstanceProfile)
  + [AttachRolePolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/AttachRolePolicy)
  + [AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress)
  + [CreateCluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ecs-2014-11-13/CreateCluster)
  + [CreateInstanceProfile](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/CreateInstanceProfile)
  + [CreateKeyPair](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/CreateKeyPair)
  + [CreateRole](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/CreateRole)
  + [CreateSecurityGroup](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/CreateSecurityGroup)
  + [CreateService](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ecs-2014-11-13/CreateService)
  + [DeleteCluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ecs-2014-11-13/DeleteCluster)
  + [DeleteKeyPair](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DeleteKeyPair)
  + [DeleteSecurityGroup](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DeleteSecurityGroup)
  + [DeleteService](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ecs-2014-11-13/DeleteService)
  + [DeregisterTaskDefinition](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ecs-2014-11-13/DeregisterTaskDefinition)
  + [DescribeContainerInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ecs-2014-11-13/DescribeContainerInstances)
  + [DescribeInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DescribeInstances)
  + [DescribeServices](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ecs-2014-11-13/DescribeServices)
  + [DescribeSubnets](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DescribeSubnets)
  + [DescribeTasks](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ecs-2014-11-13/DescribeTasks)
  + [DescribeVpcs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DescribeVpcs)
  + [GetCallerIdentity](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/sts-2011-06-15/GetCallerIdentity)
  + [GetParameters](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ssm-2014-11-06/GetParameters)
  + [GetRole](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/GetRole)
  + [ListContainerInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ecs-2014-11-13/ListContainerInstances)
  + [ListServices](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ecs-2014-11-13/ListServices)
  + [ListTasks](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ecs-2014-11-13/ListTasks)
  + [RegisterTaskDefinition](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ecs-2014-11-13/RegisterTaskDefinition)
  + [RunInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/RunInstances)
  + [StopTask](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ecs-2014-11-13/StopTask)
  + [TerminateInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/TerminateInstances)
  + [UpdateService](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ecs-2014-11-13/UpdateService)
  + [Wait](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/Wait)

### Getting started with Amazon EC2
<a name="ec2_GettingStarted_013_bash_2_topic"></a>

The following code example shows how to:
+ Create a key pair
+ Create a security group
+ Stop and start your instance
+ Test Elastic IP persistence
+ Clean up resources

**AWS CLI with Bash script**  
 There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the [Sample developer tutorials](https://github.com/aws-samples/sample-developer-tutorials/tree/main/tuts/013-ec2-basics) repository. 

```
#!/bin/bash

# EC2 Basics Tutorial Script - Revised
# This script demonstrates the basics of working with EC2 instances using AWS CLI
# Updated to use Amazon Linux 2023 and enhanced security settings

# Set up logging
LOG_FILE="ec2_tutorial_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).log"
exec > >(tee -a "$LOG_FILE") 2>&1

# Function to log messages
log() {
  echo "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $1"
}

# Function to handle errors
handle_error() {
  log "ERROR: $1"
  log "Cleaning up resources..."
  cleanup
  exit 1
}

# Function to clean up resources
cleanup() {
  log "Resources created:"
  
  if [ -n "$ASSOCIATION_ID" ]; then
    log "- Elastic IP Association: $ASSOCIATION_ID"
  fi
  
  if [ -n "$ALLOCATION_ID" ]; then
    log "- Elastic IP Allocation: $ALLOCATION_ID (IP: $ELASTIC_IP)"
  fi
  
  if [ -n "$INSTANCE_ID" ]; then
    log "- EC2 Instance: $INSTANCE_ID"
  fi
  
  if [ -n "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" ]; then
    log "- Security Group: $SECURITY_GROUP_ID"
  fi
  
  if [ -n "$KEY_NAME" ]; then
    log "- Key Pair: $KEY_NAME (File: $KEY_FILE)"
  fi
  
  read -p "Do you want to delete these resources? (y/n): " -n 1 -r
  echo
  
  if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
    log "Starting cleanup..."
    
    # Track cleanup failures
    CLEANUP_FAILURES=0
    
    # Disassociate Elastic IP if it exists
    if [ -n "$ASSOCIATION_ID" ]; then
      log "Disassociating Elastic IP..."
      if ! aws ec2 disassociate-address --association-id "$ASSOCIATION_ID"; then
        log "Failed to disassociate Elastic IP"
        ((CLEANUP_FAILURES++))
      fi
    fi
    
    # Release Elastic IP if it exists
    if [ -n "$ALLOCATION_ID" ]; then
      log "Releasing Elastic IP..."
      if ! aws ec2 release-address --allocation-id "$ALLOCATION_ID"; then
        log "Failed to release Elastic IP"
        ((CLEANUP_FAILURES++))
      fi
    fi
    
    # Terminate instance if it exists
    if [ -n "$INSTANCE_ID" ]; then
      log "Terminating instance $INSTANCE_ID..."
      if ! aws ec2 terminate-instances --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" > /dev/null; then
        log "Failed to terminate instance"
        ((CLEANUP_FAILURES++))
      else
        log "Waiting for instance to terminate..."
        if ! aws ec2 wait instance-terminated --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID"; then
          log "Failed while waiting for instance to terminate"
          ((CLEANUP_FAILURES++))
        fi
      fi
    fi
    
    # Delete security group if it exists
    if [ -n "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" ]; then
      log "Deleting security group..."
      if ! aws ec2 delete-security-group --group-id "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID"; then
        log "Failed to delete security group"
        ((CLEANUP_FAILURES++))
      fi
    fi
    
    # Delete key pair if it exists
    if [ -n "$KEY_NAME" ]; then
      log "Deleting key pair..."
      if ! aws ec2 delete-key-pair --key-name "$KEY_NAME"; then
        log "Failed to delete key pair"
        ((CLEANUP_FAILURES++))
      fi
      
      # Remove key file
      if [ -f "$KEY_FILE" ]; then
        log "Removing key file..."
        if ! rm -f "$KEY_FILE"; then
          log "Failed to remove key file"
          ((CLEANUP_FAILURES++))
        fi
      fi
    fi
    
    # Report cleanup status
    if [ $CLEANUP_FAILURES -eq 0 ]; then
      log "Cleanup completed successfully."
    else
      log "WARNING: Cleanup completed with $CLEANUP_FAILURES failures. Some resources may not have been deleted properly."
    fi
  else
    log "Resources were not deleted."
  fi
}

# Generate random identifier for resource names
RANDOM_ID=$(openssl rand -hex 4)
KEY_NAME="ec2-tutorial-key-$RANDOM_ID"
SG_NAME="ec2-tutorial-sg-$RANDOM_ID"

# Create a directory for the key file
KEY_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
KEY_FILE="$KEY_DIR/$KEY_NAME.pem"

log "Starting EC2 basics tutorial script"
log "Random identifier: $RANDOM_ID"
log "Key name: $KEY_NAME"
log "Security group name: $SG_NAME"

# Step 1: Create a key pair
log "Creating key pair..."
KEY_RESULT=$(aws ec2 create-key-pair --key-name "$KEY_NAME" --query 'KeyMaterial' --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$KEY_RESULT" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to create key pair"
fi

echo "$KEY_RESULT" > "$KEY_FILE"
chmod 400 "$KEY_FILE"
log "Created key pair and saved to $KEY_FILE"

# Step 2: Create a security group
log "Creating security group..."
SECURITY_GROUP_ID=$(aws ec2 create-security-group \
  --group-name "$SG_NAME" \
  --description "Security group for EC2 tutorial" \
  --query "GroupId" \
  --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to create security group"
fi

log "Created security group: $SECURITY_GROUP_ID"

# Get current public IP address for SSH access
MY_IP=$(curl -s http://checkip.amazonaws.com)
if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$MY_IP" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to get current IP address"
fi

log "Adding SSH ingress rule for IP $MY_IP..."
aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
  --group-id "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" \
  --protocol tcp \
  --port 22 \
  --cidr "$MY_IP/32" > /dev/null

if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to add security group ingress rule"
fi

log "Added SSH ingress rule for IP $MY_IP"

# Step 3: Find an Amazon Linux 2023 AMI (updated from AL2)
log "Finding latest Amazon Linux 2023 AMI..."
AMI_ID=$(aws ssm get-parameters-by-path \
  --path "/aws/service/ami-amazon-linux-latest" \
  --query "Parameters[?contains(Name, 'al2023-ami-kernel-default-x86_64')].Value" \
  --output text | head -1)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$AMI_ID" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to find Amazon Linux 2023 AMI"
fi

log "Selected AMI: $AMI_ID"

# Get the architecture of the AMI
log "Getting AMI architecture..."
AMI_ARCH=$(aws ec2 describe-images \
  --image-ids "$AMI_ID" \
  --query "Images[0].Architecture" \
  --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$AMI_ARCH" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to get AMI architecture"
fi

log "AMI architecture: $AMI_ARCH"

# Find a compatible instance type
log "Finding compatible instance type..."
# Directly use t2.micro for simplicity
INSTANCE_TYPE="t2.micro"
log "Using instance type: $INSTANCE_TYPE"

# Step 4: Launch an EC2 instance with enhanced security
log "Launching EC2 instance with IMDSv2 and encryption enabled..."
INSTANCE_ID=$(aws ec2 run-instances \
  --image-id "$AMI_ID" \
  --instance-type "$INSTANCE_TYPE" \
  --key-name "$KEY_NAME" \
  --security-group-ids "$SECURITY_GROUP_ID" \
  --metadata-options "HttpTokens=required,HttpEndpoint=enabled" \
  --block-device-mappings "DeviceName=/dev/xvda,Ebs={Encrypted=true}" \
  --count 1 \
  --query 'Instances[0].InstanceId' \
  --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$INSTANCE_ID" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to launch EC2 instance"
fi

log "Launched instance $INSTANCE_ID. Waiting for it to start..."

# Wait for the instance to be running
aws ec2 wait instance-running --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID"
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed while waiting for instance to start"
fi

# Get instance details
INSTANCE_DETAILS=$(aws ec2 describe-instances \
  --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" \
  --query 'Reservations[0].Instances[0].{ID:InstanceId,Type:InstanceType,State:State.Name,PublicIP:PublicIpAddress}' \
  --output json)

if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to get instance details"
fi

log "Instance details: $INSTANCE_DETAILS"

# Get the public IP address
PUBLIC_IP=$(echo "$INSTANCE_DETAILS" | grep -oP '"PublicIP": "\K[^"]+')
if [ -z "$PUBLIC_IP" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to get instance public IP"
fi

log "Instance public IP: $PUBLIC_IP"
log "To connect to your instance, run: ssh -i $KEY_FILE ec2-user@$PUBLIC_IP"

# Pause to allow user to connect if desired
read -p "Press Enter to continue to the next step (stopping and starting the instance)..."

# Step 6: Stop and Start the Instance
log "Stopping instance $INSTANCE_ID..."
aws ec2 stop-instances --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" > /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to stop instance"
fi

log "Waiting for instance to stop..."
aws ec2 wait instance-stopped --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID"
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed while waiting for instance to stop"
fi

log "Instance stopped. Starting instance again..."
aws ec2 start-instances --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" > /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to start instance"
fi

log "Waiting for instance to start..."
aws ec2 wait instance-running --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID"
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed while waiting for instance to start"
fi

# Get the new public IP address
NEW_PUBLIC_IP=$(aws ec2 describe-instances \
  --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" \
  --query 'Reservations[0].Instances[0].PublicIpAddress' \
  --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$NEW_PUBLIC_IP" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to get new public IP"
fi

log "Instance restarted with new public IP: $NEW_PUBLIC_IP"
log "To connect to your instance, run: ssh -i $KEY_FILE ec2-user@$NEW_PUBLIC_IP"

# Step 7: Allocate and Associate an Elastic IP Address
log "Allocating Elastic IP address..."
ALLOCATION_RESULT=$(aws ec2 allocate-address \
  --domain vpc \
  --query '[PublicIp,AllocationId]' \
  --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$ALLOCATION_RESULT" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to allocate Elastic IP"
fi

ELASTIC_IP=$(echo "$ALLOCATION_RESULT" | awk '{print $1}')
ALLOCATION_ID=$(echo "$ALLOCATION_RESULT" | awk '{print $2}')

log "Allocated Elastic IP: $ELASTIC_IP with ID: $ALLOCATION_ID"

log "Associating Elastic IP with instance..."
ASSOCIATION_ID=$(aws ec2 associate-address \
  --instance-id "$INSTANCE_ID" \
  --allocation-id "$ALLOCATION_ID" \
  --query "AssociationId" \
  --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$ASSOCIATION_ID" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to associate Elastic IP"
fi

log "Associated Elastic IP with instance. Association ID: $ASSOCIATION_ID"
log "To connect to your instance using the Elastic IP, run: ssh -i $KEY_FILE ec2-user@$ELASTIC_IP"

# Pause to allow user to connect if desired
read -p "Press Enter to continue to the next step (testing Elastic IP persistence)..."

# Step 8: Test the Elastic IP by Stopping and Starting the Instance
log "Stopping instance $INSTANCE_ID to test Elastic IP persistence..."
aws ec2 stop-instances --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" > /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to stop instance"
fi

log "Waiting for instance to stop..."
aws ec2 wait instance-stopped --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID"
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed while waiting for instance to stop"
fi

log "Instance stopped. Starting instance again..."
aws ec2 start-instances --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" > /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to start instance"
fi

log "Waiting for instance to start..."
aws ec2 wait instance-running --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID"
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  handle_error "Failed while waiting for instance to start"
fi

# Verify the Elastic IP is still associated
CURRENT_IP=$(aws ec2 describe-instances \
  --instance-ids "$INSTANCE_ID" \
  --query 'Reservations[0].Instances[0].PublicIpAddress' \
  --output text)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$CURRENT_IP" ]; then
  handle_error "Failed to get current public IP"
fi

log "Current public IP address: $CURRENT_IP"
log "Elastic IP address: $ELASTIC_IP"

if [ "$CURRENT_IP" = "$ELASTIC_IP" ]; then
  log "Success! The Elastic IP is still associated with your instance."
else
  log "Something went wrong. The Elastic IP is not associated with your instance."
fi

log "To connect to your instance, run: ssh -i $KEY_FILE ec2-user@$ELASTIC_IP"

# Step 9: Clean up resources
log "Tutorial completed successfully!"
cleanup

exit 0
```
+ For API details, see the following topics in *AWS CLI Command Reference*.
  + [AllocateAddress](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/AllocateAddress)
  + [AssociateAddress](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/AssociateAddress)
  + [AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngress)
  + [CreateKeyPair](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/CreateKeyPair)
  + [CreateSecurityGroup](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/CreateSecurityGroup)
  + [DeleteKeyPair](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DeleteKeyPair)
  + [DeleteSecurityGroup](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DeleteSecurityGroup)
  + [DescribeImages](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DescribeImages)
  + [DescribeInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DescribeInstances)
  + [DisassociateAddress](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/DisassociateAddress)
  + [GetParametersByPath](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ssm-2014-11-06/GetParametersByPath)
  + [ReleaseAddress](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/ReleaseAddress)
  + [RunInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/RunInstances)
  + [StartInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/StartInstances)
  + [StopInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/StopInstances)
  + [TerminateInstances](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/TerminateInstances)
  + [Wait](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ec2-2016-11-15/Wait)

### Setting up Systems Manager
<a name="iam_GettingStarted_046_bash_2_topic"></a>

The following code example shows how to:
+ Create IAM permissions for Systems Manager
+ Create an IAM role for Systems Manager
+ Configure Systems Manager
+ Verify the setup
+ Clean up resources

**AWS CLI with Bash script**  
 There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the [Sample developer tutorials](https://github.com/aws-samples/sample-developer-tutorials/tree/main/tuts/046-aws-systems-manager-gs) repository. 

```
#!/bin/bash

# AWS Systems Manager Setup Script
# This script sets up AWS Systems Manager for a single account and region
#
# Version 17 fixes:
# 1. Added cloudformation.amazonaws.com to the IAM role trust policy
# 2. Systems Manager Quick Setup uses CloudFormation for deployments, so the role must trust CloudFormation service

# Initialize log file
LOG_FILE="ssm_setup_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).log"
echo "Starting AWS Systems Manager setup at $(date)" > "$LOG_FILE"

# Function to log commands and their outputs with immediate terminal display
log_cmd() {
    echo "$(date): Running command: $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    local output
    output=$(eval "$1" 2>&1)
    local status=$?
    echo "$output" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    return $status
}

# Function to check for errors in command output
check_error() {
    local cmd_output="$1"
    local cmd_status="$2"
    local error_msg="$3"
    
    if [[ $cmd_status -ne 0 || "$cmd_output" =~ [Ee][Rr][Rr][Oo][Rr] ]]; then
        echo "ERROR: $error_msg" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
        echo "Command output: $cmd_output" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
        cleanup_on_error
        exit 1
    fi
}

# Array to track created resources for cleanup
declare -a CREATED_RESOURCES

# Function to add a resource to the tracking array
track_resource() {
    local resource_type="$1"
    local resource_id="$2"
    CREATED_RESOURCES+=("$resource_type:$resource_id")
    echo "Tracked resource: $resource_type:$resource_id" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}

# Function to clean up resources on error
cleanup_on_error() {
    echo "" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    echo "==========================================" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    echo "ERROR OCCURRED - CLEANING UP RESOURCES" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    echo "==========================================" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    echo "The following resources were created:" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    
    # Display resources in reverse order
    for ((i=${#CREATED_RESOURCES[@]}-1; i>=0; i--)); do
        echo "${CREATED_RESOURCES[$i]}" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    done
    
    echo "" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    echo "Attempting to clean up resources..." | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    
    # Clean up resources in reverse order
    cleanup_resources
}

# Function to clean up all created resources
cleanup_resources() {
    # Process resources in reverse order (last created, first deleted)
    for ((i=${#CREATED_RESOURCES[@]}-1; i>=0; i--)); do
        IFS=':' read -r resource_type resource_id <<< "${CREATED_RESOURCES[$i]}"
        
        echo "Deleting $resource_type: $resource_id" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
        
        case "$resource_type" in
            "IAM_POLICY")
                # Delete the policy (detachment should have been handled when the role was deleted)
                log_cmd "aws iam delete-policy --policy-arn $resource_id" || true
                ;;
            "IAM_ROLE")
                # Detach all policies from the role first
                if [[ -n "$POLICY_ARN" ]]; then
                    log_cmd "aws iam detach-role-policy --role-name $resource_id --policy-arn $POLICY_ARN" || true
                fi
                
                # Delete the role
                log_cmd "aws iam delete-role --role-name $resource_id" || true
                ;;
            "SSM_CONFIG_MANAGER")
                log_cmd "aws ssm-quicksetup delete-configuration-manager --manager-arn $resource_id" || true
                ;;
            *)
                echo "Unknown resource type: $resource_type, cannot delete automatically" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
                ;;
        esac
    done
    
    echo "Cleanup completed" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    
    # Clean up temporary files
    rm -f ssm-onboarding-policy.json trust-policy.json ssm-config.json 2>/dev/null || true
}

# Main script execution
echo "AWS Systems Manager Setup Script"
echo "================================"
echo "This script will set up AWS Systems Manager for a single account and region."
echo "It will create IAM policies and roles, then enable Systems Manager features."
echo ""

# Get the current AWS region
CURRENT_REGION=$(aws configure get region)
if [[ -z "$CURRENT_REGION" ]]; then
    echo "No AWS region configured. Please specify a region:"
    read -r CURRENT_REGION
    if [[ -z "$CURRENT_REGION" ]]; then
        echo "ERROR: A region must be specified" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
        exit 1
    fi
fi

echo "Using AWS region: $CURRENT_REGION" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"

# Step 1: Create IAM policy for Systems Manager onboarding
echo "Step 1: Creating IAM policy for Systems Manager onboarding..."

# Create policy document
cat > ssm-onboarding-policy.json << 'EOF'
{
   "Version":"2012-10-17",		 	 	 
   "Statement": [
     {
       "Sid": "QuickSetupActions",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "ssm-quicksetup:*"
       ],
       "Resource": "*"
     },
     {
       "Sid": "SsmReadOnly",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "ssm:DescribeAutomationExecutions",
         "ssm:GetAutomationExecution",
         "ssm:ListAssociations",
         "ssm:DescribeAssociation",
         "ssm:ListDocuments",
         "ssm:ListResourceDataSync",
         "ssm:DescribePatchBaselines",
         "ssm:GetPatchBaseline",
         "ssm:DescribeMaintenanceWindows",
         "ssm:DescribeMaintenanceWindowTasks"
       ],
       "Resource": "*"
     },
     {
       "Sid": "SsmDocument",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "ssm:GetDocument",
         "ssm:DescribeDocument"
       ],
       "Resource": [
         "arn:aws:ssm:*:*:document/AWSQuickSetupType-*",
         "arn:aws:ssm:*:*:document/AWS-EnableExplorer"
       ]
     },
     {
       "Sid": "SsmEnableExplorer",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": "ssm:StartAutomationExecution",
       "Resource": "arn:aws:ssm:*:*:automation-definition/AWS-EnableExplorer:*"
     },
     {
       "Sid": "SsmExplorerRds",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "ssm:GetOpsSummary",
         "ssm:CreateResourceDataSync",
         "ssm:UpdateResourceDataSync"
       ],
       "Resource": "arn:aws:ssm:*:*:resource-data-sync/AWS-QuickSetup-*"
     },
     {
       "Sid": "OrgsReadOnly",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "organizations:DescribeAccount",
         "organizations:DescribeOrganization",
         "organizations:ListDelegatedAdministrators",
         "organizations:ListRoots",
         "organizations:ListParents",
         "organizations:ListOrganizationalUnitsForParent",
         "organizations:DescribeOrganizationalUnit",
         "organizations:ListAWSServiceAccessForOrganization"
       ],
       "Resource": "*"
     },
     {
       "Sid": "OrgsAdministration",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "organizations:EnableAWSServiceAccess",
         "organizations:RegisterDelegatedAdministrator",
         "organizations:DeregisterDelegatedAdministrator"
       ],
       "Resource": "*",
       "Condition": {
         "StringEquals": {
           "organizations:ServicePrincipal": [
             "ssm.amazonaws.com",
             "ssm-quicksetup.amazonaws.com",
             "member.org.stacksets.cloudformation.amazonaws.com",
             "resource-explorer-2.amazonaws.com"
           ]
         }
       }
     },
     {
       "Sid": "CfnReadOnly",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "cloudformation:ListStacks",
         "cloudformation:DescribeStacks",
         "cloudformation:ListStackSets",
         "cloudformation:DescribeOrganizationsAccess"
       ],
       "Resource": "*"
     },
     {
       "Sid": "OrgCfnAccess",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "cloudformation:ActivateOrganizationsAccess"
       ],
       "Resource": "*"
     },
     {
       "Sid": "CfnStackActions",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "cloudformation:CreateStack",
         "cloudformation:DeleteStack",
         "cloudformation:DescribeStackResources",
         "cloudformation:DescribeStackEvents",
         "cloudformation:GetTemplate",
         "cloudformation:RollbackStack",
         "cloudformation:TagResource",
         "cloudformation:UntagResource",
         "cloudformation:UpdateStack"
       ],
       "Resource": [
         "arn:aws:cloudformation:*:*:stack/StackSet-AWS-QuickSetup-*",
         "arn:aws:cloudformation:*:*:stack/AWS-QuickSetup-*",
         "arn:aws:cloudformation:*:*:type/resource/*"
       ]
     },
     {
       "Sid": "CfnStackSetActions",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "cloudformation:CreateStackInstances",
         "cloudformation:CreateStackSet",
         "cloudformation:DeleteStackInstances",
         "cloudformation:DeleteStackSet",
         "cloudformation:DescribeStackInstance",
         "cloudformation:DetectStackSetDrift",
         "cloudformation:ListStackInstanceResourceDrifts",
         "cloudformation:DescribeStackSet",
         "cloudformation:DescribeStackSetOperation",
         "cloudformation:ListStackInstances",
         "cloudformation:ListStackSetOperations",
         "cloudformation:ListStackSetOperationResults",
         "cloudformation:TagResource",
         "cloudformation:UntagResource",
         "cloudformation:UpdateStackSet"
       ],
       "Resource": [
         "arn:aws:cloudformation:*:*:stackset/AWS-QuickSetup-*",
         "arn:aws:cloudformation:*:*:type/resource/*",
         "arn:aws:cloudformation:*:*:stackset-target/AWS-QuickSetup-*:*"
       ]
     },
     {
       "Sid": "ValidationReadonlyActions",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "iam:ListRoles",
         "iam:GetRole"
       ],
       "Resource": "*"
     },
     {
       "Sid": "IamRolesMgmt",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "iam:CreateRole",
         "iam:DeleteRole",
         "iam:GetRole",
         "iam:AttachRolePolicy",
         "iam:DetachRolePolicy",
         "iam:GetRolePolicy",
         "iam:ListRolePolicies"
       ],
       "Resource": [
         "arn:aws:iam::*:role/AWS-QuickSetup-*",
         "arn:aws:iam::*:role/service-role/AWS-QuickSetup-*"
       ]
     },
     {
       "Sid": "IamPassRole",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "iam:PassRole"
       ],
       "Resource": [
         "arn:aws:iam::*:role/AWS-QuickSetup-*",
         "arn:aws:iam::*:role/service-role/AWS-QuickSetup-*"
       ],
       "Condition": {
         "StringEquals": {
           "iam:PassedToService": [
             "ssm.amazonaws.com",
             "ssm-quicksetup.amazonaws.com",
             "cloudformation.amazonaws.com"
           ]
         }
       }
     },
     {
       "Sid": "IamRolesPoliciesMgmt",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "iam:AttachRolePolicy",
         "iam:DetachRolePolicy"
       ],
       "Resource": [
         "arn:aws:iam::*:role/AWS-QuickSetup-*",
         "arn:aws:iam::*:role/service-role/AWS-QuickSetup-*"
       ],
       "Condition": {
         "ArnEquals": {
           "iam:PolicyARN": [
             "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AWSSystemsManagerEnableExplorerExecutionPolicy",
             "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AWSQuickSetupSSMDeploymentRolePolicy"
           ]
         }
       }
     },
     {
       "Sid": "CfnStackSetsSLR",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Action": [
         "iam:CreateServiceLinkedRole"
       ],
       "Resource": [
         "arn:aws:iam::*:role/aws-service-role/stacksets.cloudformation.amazonaws.com/AWSServiceRoleForCloudFormationStackSetsOrgAdmin",
         "arn:aws:iam::*:role/aws-service-role/ssm.amazonaws.com/AWSServiceRoleForAmazonSSM",
         "arn:aws:iam::*:role/aws-service-role/accountdiscovery.ssm.amazonaws.com/AWSServiceRoleForAmazonSSM_AccountDiscovery",
         "arn:aws:iam::*:role/aws-service-role/ssm-quicksetup.amazonaws.com/AWSServiceRoleForSSMQuickSetup",
         "arn:aws:iam::*:role/aws-service-role/resource-explorer-2.amazonaws.com/AWSServiceRoleForResourceExplorer"
       ]
     }
   ]
}
EOF

# Create the IAM policy
POLICY_OUTPUT=$(log_cmd "aws iam create-policy --policy-name SSMOnboardingPolicy --policy-document file://ssm-onboarding-policy.json --output json")
POLICY_STATUS=$?
check_error "$POLICY_OUTPUT" $POLICY_STATUS "Failed to create IAM policy"

# Extract the policy ARN
POLICY_ARN=$(echo "$POLICY_OUTPUT" | grep -o 'arn:aws:iam::[0-9]*:policy/SSMOnboardingPolicy')
if [[ -z "$POLICY_ARN" ]]; then
    echo "ERROR: Failed to extract policy ARN" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    exit 1
fi

# Track the created policy
track_resource "IAM_POLICY" "$POLICY_ARN"

echo "Created policy: $POLICY_ARN" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"

# Step 2: Create and configure IAM role for Systems Manager
echo ""
echo "Step 2: Creating IAM role for Systems Manager..."

# Get current user name
USER_OUTPUT=$(log_cmd "aws sts get-caller-identity --output json")
USER_STATUS=$?
check_error "$USER_OUTPUT" $USER_STATUS "Failed to get caller identity"

# Extract account ID
ACCOUNT_ID=$(echo "$USER_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"Account": "[0-9]*"' | cut -d'"' -f4)
if [[ -z "$ACCOUNT_ID" ]]; then
    echo "ERROR: Failed to extract account ID" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    exit 1
fi

# Generate a unique role name
ROLE_NAME="SSMTutorialRole-$(openssl rand -hex 4)"

# Create trust policy for the role - FIXED: Added cloudformation.amazonaws.com
cat > trust-policy.json << 'EOF'
{
    "Version":"2012-10-17",		 	 	 
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Principal": {
                "Service": [
                    "ssm.amazonaws.com",
                    "ssm-quicksetup.amazonaws.com",
                    "cloudformation.amazonaws.com"
                ]
            },
            "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Principal": {
                "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::ACCOUNT_ID:root"
            },
            "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

# Replace ACCOUNT_ID placeholder in trust policy
sed -i "s/ACCOUNT_ID/$ACCOUNT_ID/g" trust-policy.json

# Create the IAM role
ROLE_OUTPUT=$(log_cmd "aws iam create-role --role-name $ROLE_NAME --assume-role-policy-document file://trust-policy.json --description 'Role for Systems Manager tutorial' --output json")
ROLE_STATUS=$?
check_error "$ROLE_OUTPUT" $ROLE_STATUS "Failed to create IAM role"

# Extract the role ARN
ROLE_ARN=$(echo "$ROLE_OUTPUT" | grep -o 'arn:aws:iam::[0-9]*:role/[^"]*')
if [[ -z "$ROLE_ARN" ]]; then
    echo "ERROR: Failed to extract role ARN" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    cleanup_on_error
    exit 1
fi

# Track the created role
track_resource "IAM_ROLE" "$ROLE_NAME"

echo "Created IAM role: $ROLE_NAME" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
echo "Role ARN: $ROLE_ARN" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"

# Set identity variables for cleanup
IDENTITY_TYPE="role"
IDENTITY_NAME="$ROLE_NAME"

# Attach the policy to the role
ATTACH_OUTPUT=$(log_cmd "aws iam attach-role-policy --role-name $ROLE_NAME --policy-arn $POLICY_ARN")
ATTACH_STATUS=$?
check_error "$ATTACH_OUTPUT" $ATTACH_STATUS "Failed to attach policy to role $ROLE_NAME"

echo "Policy attached to role: $ROLE_NAME" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"

# Step 3: Create Systems Manager configuration using Host Management
echo ""
echo "Step 3: Creating Systems Manager configuration..."

# Generate a random identifier for the configuration name
CONFIG_NAME="SSMSetup-$(openssl rand -hex 4)"

# Create configuration file for Systems Manager setup using Host Management
# Added both required parameters for single account deployment based on CloudFormation documentation
cat > ssm-config.json << EOF
[
  {
    "Type": "AWSQuickSetupType-SSMHostMgmt",
    "LocalDeploymentAdministrationRoleArn": "$ROLE_ARN",
    "LocalDeploymentExecutionRoleName": "$ROLE_NAME",
    "Parameters": {
      "TargetAccounts": "$ACCOUNT_ID",
      "TargetRegions": "$CURRENT_REGION"
    }
  }
]
EOF

echo "Configuration file created:" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
cat ssm-config.json | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"

# Create the configuration manager
CONFIG_OUTPUT=$(log_cmd "aws ssm-quicksetup create-configuration-manager --name \"$CONFIG_NAME\" --configuration-definitions file://ssm-config.json --region $CURRENT_REGION")
CONFIG_STATUS=$?
check_error "$CONFIG_OUTPUT" $CONFIG_STATUS "Failed to create Systems Manager configuration"

# Extract the manager ARN
MANAGER_ARN=$(echo "$CONFIG_OUTPUT" | grep -o 'arn:aws:ssm-quicksetup:[^"]*')
if [[ -z "$MANAGER_ARN" ]]; then
    echo "ERROR: Failed to extract manager ARN" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    exit 1
fi

# Track the created configuration manager
track_resource "SSM_CONFIG_MANAGER" "$MANAGER_ARN"

echo "Created Systems Manager configuration: $MANAGER_ARN" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"

# Step 4: Verify the setup
echo ""
echo "Step 4: Verifying the setup..."

# Wait for the configuration to be fully deployed
echo "Waiting for the configuration to be deployed (this may take a few minutes)..."
sleep 30

# Check the configuration manager status
VERIFY_OUTPUT=$(log_cmd "aws ssm-quicksetup get-configuration-manager --manager-arn $MANAGER_ARN --region $CURRENT_REGION")
VERIFY_STATUS=$?
check_error "$VERIFY_OUTPUT" $VERIFY_STATUS "Failed to verify configuration manager"

echo "Systems Manager setup completed successfully!" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"

# List the created resources
echo ""
echo "==========================================="
echo "CREATED RESOURCES"
echo "==========================================="
for resource in "${CREATED_RESOURCES[@]}"; do
    echo "$resource"
done

# Prompt for cleanup
echo ""
echo "==========================================="
echo "CLEANUP CONFIRMATION"
echo "==========================================="
echo "Do you want to clean up all created resources? (y/n): "
read -r CLEANUP_CHOICE

if [[ "$CLEANUP_CHOICE" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
    echo "Cleaning up resources..." | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
    cleanup_resources
    echo "Cleanup completed." | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
else
    echo "Resources will not be cleaned up. You can manually clean them up later." | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
fi

echo ""
echo "Script execution completed. See $LOG_FILE for details."

# Clean up temporary files
rm -f ssm-onboarding-policy.json trust-policy.json ssm-config.json 2>/dev/null || true
```
+ For API details, see the following topics in *AWS CLI Command Reference*.
  + [AttachRolePolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/AttachRolePolicy)
  + [CreateConfigurationManager](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ssm-2014-11-06/CreateConfigurationManager)
  + [CreatePolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/CreatePolicy)
  + [CreateRole](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/CreateRole)
  + [DeleteConfigurationManager](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ssm-2014-11-06/DeleteConfigurationManager)
  + [DeletePolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/DeletePolicy)
  + [DeleteRole](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/DeleteRole)
  + [DetachRolePolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/DetachRolePolicy)
  + [GetCallerIdentity](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/sts-2011-06-15/GetCallerIdentity)
  + [GetConfigurationManager](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/ssm-2014-11-06/GetConfigurationManager)