Use RunInstances with an AWS SDK or CLI

    /// <summary>
    /// Create and run an EC2 instance.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="ImageId">The image Id of the image used as a basis for the
    /// EC2 instance.</param>
    /// <param name="instanceType">The instance type of the EC2 instance to create.</param>
    /// <param name="keyName">The name of the key pair to associate with the
    /// instance.</param>
    /// <param name="groupId">The Id of the Amazon EC2 security group that will be
    /// allowed to interact with the new EC2 instance.</param>
    /// <returns>The instance Id of the new EC2 instance.</returns>
    public async Task<string> RunInstances(string imageId, string instanceType, string keyName, string groupId)
    {
        try
        {
            var request = new RunInstancesRequest
            {
                ImageId = imageId,
                InstanceType = instanceType,
                KeyName = keyName,
                MinCount = 1,
                MaxCount = 1,
                SecurityGroupIds = new List<string> { groupId }
            };
            var response = await _amazonEC2.RunInstancesAsync(request);
            var instanceId = response.Reservation.Instances[0].InstanceId;

            Console.Write("Waiting for the instance to start.");
            await WaitForInstanceState(instanceId, InstanceStateName.Running);

            return instanceId;
        }
        catch (AmazonEC2Exception ec2Exception)
        {
            if (ec2Exception.ErrorCode == "InvalidGroupId.NotFound")
            {
                _logger.LogError(
                    $"GroupId {groupId} was not found. {ec2Exception.Message}");
            }

            throw;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            _logger.LogError(
                $"An error occurred while running the instance.: {ex.Message}");
            throw;
        }
    }

###############################################################################
# function ec2_run_instances
#
# This function launches one or more Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances.
#
# Parameters:
#       -i image_id - The ID of the Amazon Machine Image (AMI) to use.
#       -t instance_type - The instance type to use (e.g., t2.micro).
#       -k key_pair_name - The name of the key pair to use.
#       -s security_group_id - The ID of the security group to use.
#       -c count - The number of instances to launch (default: 1).
#       -h - Display help.
#
# Returns:
#       0 - If successful.
#       1 - If it fails.
###############################################################################
function ec2_run_instances() {
  local image_id instance_type key_pair_name security_group_id count response
  local option OPTARG # Required to use getopts command in a function.

  # bashsupport disable=BP5008
  function usage() {
    echo "function ec2_run_instances"
    echo "Launches one or more Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances."
    echo "  -i image_id - The ID of the Amazon Machine Image (AMI) to use."
    echo "  -t instance_type - The instance type to use (e.g., t2.micro)."
    echo "  -k key_pair_name - The name of the key pair to use."
    echo "  -s security_group_id - The ID of the security group to use."
    echo "  -c count - The number of instances to launch (default: 1)."
    echo "  -h - Display help."
    echo ""
  }

  # Retrieve the calling parameters.
  while getopts "i:t:k:s:c:h" option; do
    case "${option}" in
      i) image_id="${OPTARG}" ;;
      t) instance_type="${OPTARG}" ;;
      k) key_pair_name="${OPTARG}" ;;
      s) security_group_id="${OPTARG}" ;;
      c) count="${OPTARG}" ;;
      h)
        usage
        return 0
        ;;
      \?)
        echo "Invalid parameter"
        usage
        return 1
        ;;
    esac
  done
  export OPTIND=1

  if [[ -z "$image_id" ]]; then
    errecho "ERROR: You must provide an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) ID with the -i parameter."
    usage
    return 1
  fi

  if [[ -z "$instance_type" ]]; then
    errecho "ERROR: You must provide an instance type with the -t parameter."
    usage
    return 1
  fi

  if [[ -z "$key_pair_name" ]]; then
    errecho "ERROR: You must provide a key pair name with the -k parameter."
    usage
    return 1
  fi

  if [[ -z "$security_group_id" ]]; then
    errecho "ERROR: You must provide a security group ID with the -s parameter."
    usage
    return 1
  fi

  if [[ -z "$count" ]]; then
    count=1
  fi

  response=$(aws ec2 run-instances \
    --image-id "$image_id" \
    --instance-type "$instance_type" \
    --key-name "$key_pair_name" \
    --security-group-ids "$security_group_id" \
    --count "$count" \
    --query 'Instances[*].[InstanceId]' \
    --output text) || {
    aws_cli_error_log ${?}
    errecho "ERROR: AWS reports run-instances operation failed.$response"
    return 1
  }

  echo "$response"

  return 0
}

The utility functions used in this example.

###############################################################################
# function errecho
#
# This function outputs everything sent to it to STDERR (standard error output).
###############################################################################
function errecho() {
  printf "%s\n" "$*" 1>&2
}

##############################################################################
# function aws_cli_error_log()
#
# This function is used to log the error messages from the AWS CLI.
#
# The function expects the following argument:
#         $1 - The error code returned by the AWS CLI.
#
#  Returns:
#          0: - Success.
#
##############################################################################
function aws_cli_error_log() {
  local err_code=$1
  errecho "Error code : $err_code"
  if [ "$err_code" == 1 ]; then
    errecho "  One or more S3 transfers failed."
  elif [ "$err_code" == 2 ]; then
    errecho "  Command line failed to parse."
  elif [ "$err_code" == 130 ]; then
    errecho "  Process received SIGINT."
  elif [ "$err_code" == 252 ]; then
    errecho "  Command syntax invalid."
  elif [ "$err_code" == 253 ]; then
    errecho "  The system environment or configuration was invalid."
  elif [ "$err_code" == 254 ]; then
    errecho "  The service returned an error."
  elif [ "$err_code" == 255 ]; then
    errecho "  255 is a catch-all error."
  fi

  return 0
}

//! Launch an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance.
/*!
  \param instanceName: A name for the EC2 instance.
  \param amiId: An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) identifier.
  \param[out] instanceID: String to return the instance ID.
  \param clientConfiguration: AWS client configuration.
  \return bool: Function succeeded.
 */
bool AwsDoc::EC2::runInstance(const Aws::String &instanceName,
                              const Aws::String &amiId,
                              Aws::String &instanceID,
                              const Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration &clientConfiguration) {
    Aws::EC2::EC2Client ec2Client(clientConfiguration);

    Aws::EC2::Model::RunInstancesRequest runRequest;
    runRequest.SetImageId(amiId);
    runRequest.SetInstanceType(Aws::EC2::Model::InstanceType::t1_micro);
    runRequest.SetMinCount(1);
    runRequest.SetMaxCount(1);

    Aws::EC2::Model::RunInstancesOutcome runOutcome = ec2Client.RunInstances(
            runRequest);
    if (!runOutcome.IsSuccess()) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to launch EC2 instance " << instanceName <<
                  " based on ami " << amiId << ":" <<
                  runOutcome.GetError().GetMessage() << std::endl;
        return false;
    }

    const Aws::Vector<Aws::EC2::Model::Instance> &instances = runOutcome.GetResult().GetInstances();
    if (instances.empty()) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to launch EC2 instance " << instanceName <<
                  " based on ami " << amiId << ":" <<
                  runOutcome.GetError().GetMessage() << std::endl;
        return false;
    }

    instanceID = instances[0].GetInstanceId();

    return true;
}

Example 1: To launch an instance into a default subnet

The following run-instances example launches a single instance of type t2.micro into the default subnet for the current Region and associates it with the default subnet for the default VPC for the Region. The key pair is optional if you do not plan to connect to your instance using SSH (Linux) or RDP (Windows).

aws ec2 run-instances \
    --image-id ami-0abcdef1234567890 \
    --instance-type t2.micro \
    --key-name MyKeyPair

Output:

{
    "Instances": [
        {
            "AmiLaunchIndex": 0,
            "ImageId": "ami-0abcdef1234567890",
            "InstanceId": "i-1231231230abcdef0",
            "InstanceType": "t2.micro",
            "KeyName": "MyKeyPair",
            "LaunchTime": "2018-05-10T08:05:20.000Z",
            "Monitoring": {
                "State": "disabled"
            },
            "Placement": {
                "AvailabilityZone": "us-east-2a",
                "GroupName": "",
                "Tenancy": "default"
            },
            "PrivateDnsName": "ip-10-0-0-157.us-east-2.compute.internal",
            "PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.0.157",
            "ProductCodes": [],
            "PublicDnsName": "",
            "State": {
                "Code": 0,
                "Name": "pending"
            },
            "StateTransitionReason": "",
            "SubnetId": "subnet-04a636d18e83cfacb",
            "VpcId": "vpc-1234567890abcdef0",
            "Architecture": "x86_64",
            "BlockDeviceMappings": [],
            "ClientToken": "",
            "EbsOptimized": false,
            "Hypervisor": "xen",
            "NetworkInterfaces": [
                {
                    "Attachment": {
                        "AttachTime": "2018-05-10T08:05:20.000Z",
                        "AttachmentId": "eni-attach-0e325c07e928a0405",
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true,
                        "DeviceIndex": 0,
                        "Status": "attaching"
                    },
                    "Description": "",
                    "Groups": [
                        {
                            "GroupName": "MySecurityGroup",
                            "GroupId": "sg-0598c7d356eba48d7"
                        }
                    ],
                    "Ipv6Addresses": [],
                    "MacAddress": "0a:ab:58:e0:67:e2",
                    "NetworkInterfaceId": "eni-0c0a29997760baee7",
                    "OwnerId": "123456789012",
                    "PrivateDnsName": "ip-10-0-0-157.us-east-2.compute.internal",
                    "PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.0.157",
                    "PrivateIpAddresses": [
                        {
                            "Primary": true,
                            "PrivateDnsName": "ip-10-0-0-157.us-east-2.compute.internal",
                            "PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.0.157"
                        }
                    ],
                    "SourceDestCheck": true,
                    "Status": "in-use",
                    "SubnetId": "subnet-04a636d18e83cfacb",
                    "VpcId": "vpc-1234567890abcdef0",
                    "InterfaceType": "interface"
                }
            ],
            "RootDeviceName": "/dev/xvda",
            "RootDeviceType": "ebs",
            "SecurityGroups": [
                {
                    "GroupName": "MySecurityGroup",
                    "GroupId": "sg-0598c7d356eba48d7"
                }
            ],
            "SourceDestCheck": true,
            "StateReason": {
                "Code": "pending",
                "Message": "pending"
            },
            "Tags": [],
            "VirtualizationType": "hvm",
            "CpuOptions": {
                "CoreCount": 1,
                "ThreadsPerCore": 1
            },
            "CapacityReservationSpecification": {
                "CapacityReservationPreference": "open"
            },
            "MetadataOptions": {
                "State": "pending",
                "HttpTokens": "optional",
                "HttpPutResponseHopLimit": 1,
                "HttpEndpoint": "enabled"
            }
        }
    ],
    "OwnerId": "123456789012",
    "ReservationId": "r-02a3f596d91211712"
}

Example 2: To launch an instance into a non-default subnet and add a public IP address

The following run-instances example requests a public IP address for an instance that you're launching into a nondefault subnet. The instance is associated with the specified security group.

aws ec2 run-instances \
    --image-id ami-0abcdef1234567890 \
    --instance-type t2.micro \
    --subnet-id subnet-08fc749671b2d077c \
    --security-group-ids sg-0b0384b66d7d692f9 \
    --associate-public-ip-address \
    --key-name MyKeyPair

For an example of the output for run-instances, see Example 1.

Example 3: To launch an instance with additional volumes

The following run-instances example uses a block device mapping, specified in mapping.json, to attach additional volumes at launch. A block device mapping can specify EBS volumes, instance store volumes, or both EBS volumes and instance store volumes.

aws ec2 run-instances \
    --image-id ami-0abcdef1234567890 \
    --instance-type t2.micro \
    --subnet-id subnet-08fc749671b2d077c \
    --security-group-ids sg-0b0384b66d7d692f9 \
    --key-name MyKeyPair \
    --block-device-mappings file://mapping.json

Contents of mapping.json. This example adds /dev/sdh an empty EBS volume with a size of 100 GiB.

[
    {
        "DeviceName": "/dev/sdh",
        "Ebs": {
            "VolumeSize": 100
        }
    }
]

Contents of mapping.json. This example adds ephemeral1 as an instance store volume.

[
    {
        "DeviceName": "/dev/sdc",
        "VirtualName": "ephemeral1"
    }
]

For an example of the output for run-instances, see Example 1.

For more information about block device mappings, see Block device mapping in the Amazon EC2 User Guide.

Example 4: To launch an instance and add tags on creation

The following run-instances example adds a tag with a key of webserver and value of production to the instance. The command also applies a tag with a key of cost-center and a value of cc123 to any EBS volume that's created (in this case, the root volume).

aws ec2 run-instances \
    --image-id ami-0abcdef1234567890 \
    --instance-type t2.micro \
    --count 1 \
    --subnet-id subnet-08fc749671b2d077c \
    --key-name MyKeyPair \
    --security-group-ids sg-0b0384b66d7d692f9 \
    --tag-specifications 'ResourceType=instance,Tags=[{Key=webserver,Value=production}]' 'ResourceType=volume,Tags=[{Key=cost-center,Value=cc123}]'

For an example of the output for run-instances, see Example 1.

Example 5: To launch an instance with user data

The following run-instances example passes user data in a file called my_script.txt that contains a configuration script for your instance. The script runs at launch.

aws ec2 run-instances \
    --image-id ami-0abcdef1234567890 \
    --instance-type t2.micro \
    --count 1 \
    --subnet-id subnet-08fc749671b2d077c \
    --key-name MyKeyPair \
    --security-group-ids sg-0b0384b66d7d692f9 \
    --user-data file://my_script.txt

For an example of the output for run-instances, see Example 1.

For more information about instance user data, see Working with instance user data in the Amazon EC2 User Guide.

Example 6: To launch a burstable performance instance

The following run-instances example launches a t2.micro instance with the unlimited credit option. When you launch a T2 instance, if you do not specify --credit-specification, the default is the standard credit option. When you launch a T3 instance, the default is the unlimited credit option.

aws ec2 run-instances \
    --image-id ami-0abcdef1234567890 \
    --instance-type t2.micro \
    --count 1 \
    --subnet-id subnet-08fc749671b2d077c \
    --key-name MyKeyPair \
    --security-group-ids sg-0b0384b66d7d692f9 \
    --credit-specification CpuCredits=unlimited

For an example of the output for run-instances, see Example 1.

For more information about burstable performance instances, see Burstable performance instances in the Amazon EC2 User Guide.

    /**
     * Runs an EC2 instance asynchronously.
     *
     * @param instanceType The instance type to use for the EC2 instance.
     * @param keyName The name of the key pair to associate with the EC2 instance.
     * @param groupName The name of the security group to associate with the EC2 instance.
     * @param amiId The ID of the Amazon Machine Image (AMI) to use for the EC2 instance.
     * @return A {@link CompletableFuture} that completes with the ID of the started EC2 instance.
     * @throws RuntimeException If there is an error running the EC2 instance.
     */
    public CompletableFuture<String> runInstanceAsync(String instanceType, String keyName, String groupName, String amiId) {
        RunInstancesRequest runRequest = RunInstancesRequest.builder()
            .instanceType(instanceType)
            .keyName(keyName)
            .securityGroups(groupName)
            .maxCount(1)
            .minCount(1)
            .imageId(amiId)
            .build();

        CompletableFuture<RunInstancesResponse> responseFuture = getAsyncClient().runInstances(runRequest);
        return responseFuture.thenCompose(response -> {
            String instanceIdVal = response.instances().get(0).instanceId();
            System.out.println("Going to start an EC2 instance and use a waiter to wait for it to be in running state");
            return getAsyncClient().waiter()
                .waitUntilInstanceExists(r -> r.instanceIds(instanceIdVal))
                .thenCompose(waitResponse -> getAsyncClient().waiter()
                    .waitUntilInstanceRunning(r -> r.instanceIds(instanceIdVal))
                    .thenApply(runningResponse -> instanceIdVal));
        }).exceptionally(throwable -> {
            // Handle any exceptions that occurred during the async call
            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to run EC2 instance: " + throwable.getMessage(), throwable);
        });
    }

import { EC2Client, RunInstancesCommand } from "@aws-sdk/client-ec2";

/**
 * Create new EC2 instances.
 * @param {{
 *  keyName: string,
 *  securityGroupIds: string[],
 *  imageId: string,
 *  instanceType: import('@aws-sdk/client-ec2')._InstanceType,
 *  minCount?: number,
 *  maxCount?: number }} options
 */
export const main = async ({
  keyName,
  securityGroupIds,
  imageId,
  instanceType,
  minCount = "1",
  maxCount = "1",
}) => {
  const client = new EC2Client({});
  minCount = Number.parseInt(minCount);
  maxCount = Number.parseInt(maxCount);
  const command = new RunInstancesCommand({
    // Your key pair name.
    KeyName: keyName,
    // Your security group.
    SecurityGroupIds: securityGroupIds,
    // An Amazon Machine Image (AMI). There are multiple ways to search for AMIs. For more information, see:
    // https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/finding-an-ami.html
    ImageId: imageId,
    // An instance type describing the resources provided to your instance. There are multiple
    // ways to search for instance types. For more information see:
    // https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/instance-discovery.html
    InstanceType: instanceType,
    // Availability Zones have capacity limitations that may impact your ability to launch instances.
    // The `RunInstances` operation will only succeed if it can allocate at least the `MinCount` of instances.
    // However, EC2 will attempt to launch up to the `MaxCount` of instances, even if the full request cannot be satisfied.
    // If you need a specific number of instances, use `MinCount` and `MaxCount` set to the same value.
    // If you want to launch up to a certain number of instances, use `MaxCount` and let EC2 provision as many as possible.
    // If you require a minimum number of instances, but do not want to exceed a maximum, use both `MinCount` and `MaxCount`.
    MinCount: minCount,
    MaxCount: maxCount,
  });

  try {
    const { Instances } = await client.send(command);
    const instanceList = Instances.map(
      (instance) => `• ${instance.InstanceId}`,
    ).join("\n");
    console.log(`Launched instances:\n${instanceList}`);
  } catch (caught) {
    if (caught instanceof Error && caught.name === "ResourceCountExceeded") {
      console.warn(`${caught.message}`);
    } else {
      throw caught;
    }
  }
};

suspend fun createEC2Instance(
    name: String,
    amiId: String,
): String? {
    val request =
        RunInstancesRequest {
            imageId = amiId
            instanceType = InstanceType.T1Micro
            maxCount = 1
            minCount = 1
        }

    Ec2Client { region = "us-west-2" }.use { ec2 ->
        val response = ec2.runInstances(request)
        val instanceId = response.instances?.get(0)?.instanceId
        val tag =
            Tag {
                key = "Name"
                value = name
            }

        val requestTags =
            CreateTagsRequest {
                resources = listOf(instanceId.toString())
                tags = listOf(tag)
            }
        ec2.createTags(requestTags)
        println("Successfully started EC2 Instance $instanceId based on AMI $amiId")
        return instanceId
    }
}

Example 1: This example launches a single instance of the specified AMI in EC2-Classic or a default VPC.

New-EC2Instance -ImageId ami-12345678 -MinCount 1 -MaxCount 1 -InstanceType m3.medium -KeyName my-key-pair -SecurityGroup my-security-group

Example 2: This example launches a single instance of the specified AMI in a VPC.

New-EC2Instance -ImageId ami-12345678 -MinCount 1 -MaxCount 1 -SubnetId subnet-12345678 -InstanceType t2.micro -KeyName my-key-pair -SecurityGroupId sg-12345678

Example 3: To add an EBS volume or an instance store volume, define a block device mapping and add it to the command. This example adds an instance store volume.

$bdm = New-Object Amazon.EC2.Model.BlockDeviceMapping
$bdm.VirtualName = "ephemeral0"
$bdm.DeviceName = "/dev/sdf"

New-EC2Instance -ImageId ami-12345678 -BlockDeviceMapping $bdm ...

Example 4: To specify one of the current Windows AMIs, get its AMI ID using Get-EC2ImageByName. This example launches an instance from the current base AMI for Windows Server 2016.

$ami = Get-EC2ImageByName WINDOWS_2016_BASE

New-EC2Instance -ImageId $ami.ImageId ...

Example 5: Launches an instance into the specified dedicated host environment.

New-EC2Instance -ImageId ami-1a2b3c4d -InstanceType m4.large -KeyName my-key-pair -SecurityGroupId sg-1a2b3c4d  -AvailabilityZone us-west-1a -Tenancy host -HostID h-1a2b3c4d5e6f1a2b3

Example 6: This request launches two instances and applies a tag with a key of webserver and a value of production to the instances. The request also applies a tag with a key of cost-center and a value of cc123 to the volumes that are created (in this case, the root volume for each instance).

$tag1 = @{ Key="webserver"; Value="production" }
$tag2 = @{ Key="cost-center"; Value="cc123" }

$tagspec1 = new-object Amazon.EC2.Model.TagSpecification
$tagspec1.ResourceType = "instance"
$tagspec1.Tags.Add($tag1)

$tagspec2 = new-object Amazon.EC2.Model.TagSpecification
$tagspec2.ResourceType = "volume"
$tagspec2.Tags.Add($tag2)

New-EC2Instance -ImageId "ami-1a2b3c4d" -KeyName "my-key-pair" -MaxCount 2 -InstanceType "t2.large" -SubnetId "subnet-1a2b3c4d" -TagSpecification $tagspec1,$tagspec2

class EC2InstanceWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance actions using the client interface."""

    def __init__(
        self, ec2_client: Any, instances: Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = None
    ) -> None:
        """
        Initializes the EC2InstanceWrapper with an EC2 client and optional instances.

        :param ec2_client: A Boto3 Amazon EC2 client. This client provides low-level
                           access to AWS EC2 services.
        :param instances: A list of dictionaries representing Boto3 Instance objects. These are high-level objects that
                          wrap instance actions.
        """
        self.ec2_client = ec2_client
        self.instances = instances or []

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> "EC2InstanceWrapper":
        """
        Creates an EC2InstanceWrapper instance with a default EC2 client.

        :return: An instance of EC2InstanceWrapper initialized with the default EC2 client.
        """
        ec2_client = boto3.client("ec2")
        return cls(ec2_client)


    def create(
        self,
        image_id: str,
        instance_type: str,
        key_pair_name: str,
        security_group_ids: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """
        Creates a new EC2 instance in the default VPC of the current account.

        The instance starts immediately after it is created.

        :param image_id: The ID of the Amazon Machine Image (AMI) to use for the instance.
        :param instance_type: The type of instance to create, such as 't2.micro'.
        :param key_pair_name: The name of the key pair to use for SSH access.
        :param security_group_ids: A list of security group IDs to associate with the instance.
                                   If not specified, the default security group of the VPC is used.
        :return: A list of dictionaries representing Boto3 Instance objects representing the newly created instances.
        """
        try:
            instance_params = {
                "ImageId": image_id,
                "InstanceType": instance_type,
                "KeyName": key_pair_name,
            }
            if security_group_ids is not None:
                instance_params["SecurityGroupIds"] = security_group_ids

            response = self.ec2_client.run_instances(
                **instance_params, MinCount=1, MaxCount=1
            )
            instance = response["Instances"][0]
            self.instances.append(instance)
            waiter = self.ec2_client.get_waiter("instance_running")
            waiter.wait(InstanceIds=[instance["InstanceId"]])
        except ClientError as err:
            params_str = "\n\t".join(
                f"{key}: {value}" for key, value in instance_params.items()
            )
            logger.error(
                f"Failed to complete instance creation request.\nRequest details:{params_str}"
            )
            error_code = err.response["Error"]["Code"]
            if error_code == "InstanceLimitExceeded":
                logger.error(
                    (
                        f"Insufficient capacity for instance type '{instance_type}'. "
                        "Terminate unused instances or contact AWS Support for a limit increase."
                    )
                )
            if error_code == "InsufficientInstanceCapacity":
                logger.error(
                    (
                        f"Insufficient capacity for instance type '{instance_type}'. "
                        "Select a different instance type or launch in a different availability zone."
                    )
                )
            raise
        return self.instances

    pub async fn create_instance<'a>(
        &self,
        image_id: &'a str,
        instance_type: InstanceType,
        key_pair: &'a KeyPairInfo,
        security_groups: Vec<&'a SecurityGroup>,
    ) -> Result<String, EC2Error> {
        let run_instances = self
            .client
            .run_instances()
            .image_id(image_id)
            .instance_type(instance_type)
            .key_name(
                key_pair
                    .key_name()
                    .ok_or_else(|| EC2Error::new("Missing key name when launching instance"))?,
            )
            .set_security_group_ids(Some(
                security_groups
                    .iter()
                    .filter_map(|sg| sg.group_id.clone())
                    .collect(),
            ))
            .min_count(1)
            .max_count(1)
            .send()
            .await?;

        if run_instances.instances().is_empty() {
            return Err(EC2Error::new("Failed to create instance"));
        }

        let instance_id = run_instances.instances()[0].instance_id().unwrap();
        let response = self
            .client
            .create_tags()
            .resources(instance_id)
            .tags(
                Tag::builder()
                    .key("Name")
                    .value("From SDK Examples")
                    .build(),
            )
            .send()
            .await;

        match response {
            Ok(_) => tracing::info!("Created {instance_id} and applied tags."),
            Err(err) => {
                tracing::info!("Error applying tags to {instance_id}: {err:?}");
                return Err(err.into());
            }
        }

        tracing::info!("Instance is created.");

        Ok(instance_id.to_string())
    }

    " Create tags for resource created during instance launch. "
    DATA lt_tagspecifications TYPE /aws1/cl_ec2tagspecification=>tt_tagspecificationlist.
    DATA ls_tagspecifications LIKE LINE OF lt_tagspecifications.
    ls_tagspecifications =  NEW /aws1/cl_ec2tagspecification(
      iv_resourcetype = 'instance'
      it_tags = VALUE /aws1/cl_ec2tag=>tt_taglist(
        ( NEW /aws1/cl_ec2tag( iv_key = 'Name' iv_value = iv_tag_value ) )
      )
    ).
    APPEND ls_tagspecifications TO lt_tagspecifications.

    TRY.
        " Create/launch Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance. "
        oo_result = lo_ec2->runinstances(                           " oo_result is returned for testing purposes. "
          iv_imageid = iv_ami_id
          iv_instancetype = 't2.micro'
          iv_maxcount = 1
          iv_mincount = 1
          it_tagspecifications = lt_tagspecifications
          iv_subnetid = iv_subnet_id
        ).
        MESSAGE 'EC2 instance created.' TYPE 'I'.
      CATCH /aws1/cx_rt_service_generic INTO DATA(lo_exception).
        DATA(lv_error) = |"{ lo_exception->av_err_code }" - { lo_exception->av_err_msg }|.
        MESSAGE lv_error TYPE 'E'.
    ENDTRY.