HTTP header modification for your Application Load Balancer - Elastic Load Balancing
Rename headersInsert headersDisable headers

HTTP header modification for your Application Load Balancer

HTTP header modification is supported by Application Load Balancers, for both request and response headers. Without having to update your application code, header modification allows you more control over your applications traffic and security.

Rename headers

The header rename capability allows you to rename all Transport Layer Security (TLS) headers that the Application Load Balancer generates and adds to requests, including six mTLS headers, and two TLS headers, version and cipher.

This ability to modify HTTP headers enables your Application Load Balancer to easily support applications that use specifically formatted request and response headers.

Header Description

X-Amzn-Mtls-Clientcert-Serial-Number

Ensures that the target can identify and verify the specific certificate presented by the client during the TLS handshake.

X-Amzn-Mtls-Clientcert-Issuer

Helps the target validate and authenticate the client certificate by identifying the certificate authority that issued the certificate.

X-Amzn-Mtls-Clientcert-Subject

Provides the target with detailed information about the entity the client certificate was issued to, which helps in identification, authentication, authorization, and logging during mTLS authentication.

X-Amzn-Mtls-Clientcert-Validity

Allows the target to verify that the client certificate being used is within its defined validity period, ensuring the certificate is not expired or prematurely used.

X-Amzn-Mtls-Clientcert-Leaf

Provides the client certificate used in the mTLS handshake, allowing the server to authenticate the client and validate the certificate chain. This ensures the connection is secure and authorized.

X-Amzn-Mtls-Clientcert

Carries the full client certificate. Allowing the target to verify the certificate’s authenticity, validate the certificate chain, and authenticate the client during the mTLS handshake process.

X-Amzn-TLS-Version

Indicates the version of the TLS protocol used for a connection. It facilitates determining the security level of the communication, troubleshoot connection issues and ensuring compliance.

X-Amzn-TLS-Cipher-Suite

Indicates the combination of cryptographic algorithms used to secure a connection in TLS. This allows the server to assess the security of the connection, helping with compatibility troubleshooting, and ensuring compliance with security policies.

To enable your Application Load Balancer listener to rename request headers, use the following command:

aws elbv2 modify-listener-attributes \
    --listener-arn ARN \
    --attributes Key="routing.http.request.actual_header_field_name.header_name", Value="desired_header_field_name"

Insert headers

Using insert headers, you can configure your Application Load Balancer to add security-related headers to responses. With ten new attributes you can insert headers including HSTS, CORS, and CSP.

The default value for all of these headers is empty. When this happens the Application Load Balancer does not modify this response header.

Header Description

Strict-Transport-Security

Enforces HTTPS-only connections by the browser for a specified duration, helping to protect against man-in-the-middle attacks, protocol downgrades and user errors. ensuring all communications between the client and target is encrypted.

Access-Control-Allow-Origin

Controls weather resources on a target can be accessed from different origins. This allows secure cross-origin interactions while preventing unauthorized access.

Access-Control-Allow-Methods

Specifies the HTTP methods that are allowed when making cross-origin requests to the target. It provides control over which actions can be performed from different origins.

Access-Control-Allow-Headers

Specifies which custom or non-simple headers can be included in a cross-origin request. This header gives targets control over which headers can be sent by clients from different origins.

Access-Control-Allow-Credentials

Specifies weather the client should include credentials such as cookies, HTTP authentication or client certificates in cross-origin requests.

Access-Control-Expose-Headers

Allows the target to specify which additional response headers can be access by the client in cross-origin requests.

Access-Control-Max-Age

Defines how long the browser can cache the result of a preflight request, reducing the need for repeated preflight checks. This helps to optimize performance by reducing the number of OPTIONS requests required for certain cross-origin requests.

Content-Security-Policy

Security feature that prevents code injection attacks like XSS by controlling which resources such as scripts, styles, images, etc. can be loaded and executed by a website.

X-Content-Type-Options

With the no-sniff directive, enhances web security by preventing browsers from guessing the MIME type of a resource. It ensures that browsers only interpret content according to the declared Content-Type

X-Frame-Options

Header security mechanism that helps prevent click-jacking attacks by controlling whether a web page can be embedded in frames. Values such as DENY and SAMEORIGIN can ensure that content is not embedded on malicious or untrusted websites.

To configure the Application Load Balancer listener to insert the HSTS header, use the following command:

aws elbv2 modify-listener-attributes \
    --listener-arn ARN \
    --attributes Key="routing.http.response.strict_transport_security.header_value", Value="max-age=time_in_sec;includeSubdomains;preload;"

Disable headers

Using disable headers, you can configure your Application Load Balancer to disable the server:awselb/2.0 header from the responses. This reduces exposure of server specific information, while adding an extra layer of protection to your application.

The attribute name is routing.http.response.server.enabled. The available values are true or false. The default value is true.

Configure your Application Load Balancer listener to not insert the server header using the following command:

aws elbv2 modify-listener-attributes \
  --listener-arn ARN \
  --attributes Key=routing.http.response.server.enabled,Value=false \
Limitations:

  • Header values can contain the following characters

    • Alphanumeric characters: a-z, A-Z, and 0-9

    • Special characters: _ :;.,\/"'?!(){}[]@<>=-+*#$&`|~^%

  • The value for the attribute can not exceed 1K bytes in size.

  • Elastic Load Balancing performs basic input validations to verify the header value is valid. However the validation is unable to confirm if the value is supported for a specific header.

  • Setting an empty value for any attribute will cause the Application Load Balancer to revert to the default behavior.

For more information, see Listener attributes.