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Uso del protocolo Bolt para realizar openCypher consultas a Neptune

Bolt es un protocolo cliente/servidor orientado a declaraciones desarrollado inicialmente por Neo4j y licenciado bajo la licencia Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution-. ShareAlike Está orientado al cliente, lo que significa que el cliente siempre inicia el intercambio de mensajes.

Para conectarse a Neptune mediante los controladores Bolt de Neo4j, simplemente sustituya el número de puerto URL y por los puntos finales de su clúster utilizando el esquema. bolt URI Si tiene una sola instancia de Neptune en ejecución, utilice el punto de conexión read_write. Si se están ejecutando varias instancias, se recomiendan dos controladores, uno para el escritor y otro para todas las réplicas de lectura. Si solo tiene los dos puntos de conexión predeterminados, basta con un controlador read_write y un controlador de solo lectura, pero si también tiene puntos de conexión personalizados, considere la posibilidad de crear una instancia de controlador para cada uno de ellos.

Neptune permite hasta 1000 conexiones Bolt simultáneas.

Para ver ejemplos de openCypher consultas en varios idiomas que utilizan los controladores Bolt, consulta la documentación sobre los controladores y las guías lingüísticas de Neo4j.

Uso de Bolt con Java para conectarse a Neptune

Puedes descargar un controlador para la versión que quieras usar desde el MVNrepositorio de Maven o puedes añadir esta dependencia a tu proyecto:

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.neo4j.driver</groupId>
  <artifactId>neo4j-java-driver</artifactId>
  <version>4.3.3</version>
</dependency>

A continuación, para conectarse a Neptune en Java mediante uno de estos controladores de Bolt, cree una instancia de controlador para la instancia principal/de escritura del clúster mediante un código como el siguiente:

import org.neo4j.driver.Driver;
import org.neo4j.driver.GraphDatabase;

final Driver driver =
  GraphDatabase.driver("bolt://(your cluster endpoint URL):(your cluster port)",
    AuthTokens.none(),
    Config.builder().withEncryption()
                    .withTrustStrategy(TrustStrategy.trustSystemCertificates())
                    .build());

Si tiene una o más réplicas de lector, también puede crear una instancia de controlador para ellas utilizando un código como el siguiente:

final Driver read_only_driver =              // (without connection timeout)
  GraphDatabase.driver("bolt://(your cluster endpoint URL):(your cluster port)",
      Config.builder().withEncryption()
                      .withTrustStrategy(TrustStrategy.trustSystemCertificates())
                      .build());

O bien, con un tiempo de espera:

final Driver read_only_timeout_driver =      // (with connection timeout)
  GraphDatabase.driver("bolt://(your cluster endpoint URL):(your cluster port)",
    Config.builder().withConnectionTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                    .withEncryption()
                    .withTrustStrategy(TrustStrategy.trustSystemCertificates())
                    .build());

Si tiene puntos de conexión personalizados, puede que también valga la pena crear una instancia de controlador para cada uno de ellos.

Un ejemplo de openCypher consulta en Python con Bolt

Aquí se explica cómo hacer una openCypher consulta en Python usando Bolt:

python -m pip install neo4j

from neo4j import GraphDatabase
uri = "bolt://(your cluster endpoint URL):(your cluster port)"
driver = GraphDatabase.driver(uri, auth=("username", "password"), encrypted=True)

Tenga en cuenta que los parámetros auth se omiten.

A. NET openCypher ejemplo de consulta con Bolt

Para realizar una openCypher consulta en. NETusando Bolt, el primer paso es instalar el controlador Neo4j usando. NuHet Para realizar llamadas síncronas, use la versión .Simple, de esta manera:

Install-Package Neo4j.Driver.Simple-4.3.0

using Neo4j.Driver;

namespace hello
{
  // This example creates a node and reads a node in a Neptune
  // Cluster where IAM Authentication is not enabled.
  public class HelloWorldExample : IDisposable
  {
    private bool _disposed = false;
    private readonly IDriver _driver;
    private static string url = "bolt://(your cluster endpoint URL):(your cluster port)";
    private static string createNodeQuery = "CREATE (a:Greeting) SET a.message = 'HelloWorldExample'";
    private static string readNodeQuery = "MATCH(n:Greeting) RETURN n.message";

    ~HelloWorldExample() => Dispose(false);

    public HelloWorldExample(string uri)
    {
      _driver = GraphDatabase.Driver(uri, AuthTokens.None, o => o.WithEncryptionLevel(EncryptionLevel.Encrypted));
    }

    public void createNode()
    {
      // Open a session
      using (var session = _driver.Session())
      {
         // Run the query in a write transaction
        var greeting = session.WriteTransaction(tx =>
        {
          var result = tx.Run(createNodeQuery);
          // Consume the result
          return result.Consume();
        });

        // The output will look like this:
        //   ResultSummary{Query=`CREATE (a:Greeting) SET a.message = 'HelloWorldExample".....
        Console.WriteLine(greeting);
      }
    }

    public void retrieveNode()
    {
      // Open a session
      using (var session = _driver.Session())
      {
        // Run the query in a read transaction
        var greeting = session.ReadTransaction(tx =>
        {
          var result = tx.Run(readNodeQuery);
          // Consume the result. Read the single node
          // created in a previous step.
          return result.Single()[0].As<string>();
        });
        // The output will look like this:
        //   HelloWorldExample
        Console.WriteLine(greeting);
      }
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
      Dispose(true);
      GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
      if (_disposed)
        return;
      if (disposing)
      {
        _driver?.Dispose();
      }
      _disposed = true;
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
      using (var apiCaller = new HelloWorldExample(url))
      {
        apiCaller.createNode();
        apiCaller.retrieveNode();
      }
    }
  }
}

Un ejemplo de openCypher consulta en Java usando Bolt con autenticación IAM

El siguiente código de Java muestra cómo realizar openCypher consultas en Java mediante Bolt con IAM autenticación. El JavaDoc comentario describe su uso. Una vez que haya una instancia de controlador disponible, podrá utilizarla para realizar varias solicitudes autenticadas.

package software.amazon.neptune.bolt;

import com.amazonaws.DefaultRequest;
import com.amazonaws.Request;
import com.amazonaws.auth.AWS4Signer;
import com.amazonaws.auth.AWSCredentialsProvider;
import com.amazonaws.http.HttpMethodName;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NonNull;
import org.neo4j.driver.Value;
import org.neo4j.driver.Values;
import org.neo4j.driver.internal.security.InternalAuthToken;
import org.neo4j.driver.internal.value.StringValue;

import java.net.URI;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import static com.amazonaws.auth.internal.SignerConstants.AUTHORIZATION;
import static com.amazonaws.auth.internal.SignerConstants.HOST;
import static com.amazonaws.auth.internal.SignerConstants.X_AMZ_DATE;
import static com.amazonaws.auth.internal.SignerConstants.X_AMZ_SECURITY_TOKEN;

/**
 * Use this class instead of `AuthTokens.basic` when working with an IAM
 * auth-enabled server. It works the same as `AuthTokens.basic` when using
 * static credentials, and avoids making requests with an expired signature
 * when using temporary credentials. Internally, it generates a new signature
 * on every invocation (this may change in a future implementation).
 *
 * Note that authentication happens only the first time for a pooled connection.
 *
 * Typical usage:
 *
 * NeptuneAuthToken authToken = NeptuneAuthToken.builder()
 *     .credentialsProvider(credentialsProvider)
 *     .region("aws region")
 *     .url("cluster endpoint url")
 *     .build();
 *
 * Driver driver = GraphDatabase.driver(
 *     authToken.getUrl(),
 *     authToken,
 *     config
 * );
 */

public class NeptuneAuthToken extends InternalAuthToken {
  private static final String SCHEME = "basic";
  private static final String REALM = "realm";
  private static final String SERVICE_NAME = "neptune-db";
  private static final String HTTP_METHOD_HDR = "HttpMethod";
  private static final String DUMMY_USERNAME = "username";
  @NonNull
  private final String region;
  @NonNull
  @Getter
  private final String url;
  @NonNull
  private final AWSCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider;
  private final Gson gson = new Gson();

  @Builder
  private NeptuneAuthToken(
      @NonNull final String region,
      @NonNull final String url,
      @NonNull final AWSCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider
  ) {
      // The superclass caches the result of toMap(), which we don't want
      super(Collections.emptyMap());
      this.region = region;
      this.url = url;
      this.credentialsProvider = credentialsProvider;
  }

  @Override
  public Map<String, Value> toMap() {
    final Map<String, Value> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put(SCHEME_KEY, Values.value(SCHEME));
    map.put(PRINCIPAL_KEY, Values.value(DUMMY_USERNAME));
    map.put(CREDENTIALS_KEY, new StringValue(getSignedHeader()));
    map.put(REALM_KEY, Values.value(REALM));

    return map;
  }

  private String getSignedHeader() {
    final Request<Void> request = new DefaultRequest<>(SERVICE_NAME);
    request.setHttpMethod(HttpMethodName.GET);
    request.setEndpoint(URI.create(url));
    // Comment out the following line if you're using an engine version older than 1.2.0.0
    request.setResourcePath("/opencypher");

    final AWS4Signer signer = new AWS4Signer();
    signer.setRegionName(region);
    signer.setServiceName(request.getServiceName());
    signer.sign(request, credentialsProvider.getCredentials());

    return getAuthInfoJson(request);
  }

  private String getAuthInfoJson(final Request<Void> request) {
    final Map<String, Object> obj = new HashMap<>();
    obj.put(AUTHORIZATION, request.getHeaders().get(AUTHORIZATION));
    obj.put(HTTP_METHOD_HDR, request.getHttpMethod());
    obj.put(X_AMZ_DATE, request.getHeaders().get(X_AMZ_DATE));
    obj.put(HOST, request.getHeaders().get(HOST));
    obj.put(X_AMZ_SECURITY_TOKEN, request.getHeaders().get(X_AMZ_SECURITY_TOKEN));

    return gson.toJson(obj);
  }
}

Un ejemplo de openCypher consulta de Python usando Bolt con IAM autenticación

La siguiente clase de Python te permite realizar openCypher consultas en Python usando Bolt con IAM autenticación:

import json

from neo4j import Auth
from botocore.awsrequest import AWSRequest
from botocore.credentials import Credentials
from botocore.auth import (
  SigV4Auth,
  _host_from_url,
)

SCHEME = "basic"
REALM = "realm"
SERVICE_NAME = "neptune-db"
DUMMY_USERNAME = "username"
HTTP_METHOD_HDR = "HttpMethod"
HTTP_METHOD = "GET"
AUTHORIZATION = "Authorization"
X_AMZ_DATE = "X-Amz-Date"
X_AMZ_SECURITY_TOKEN = "X-Amz-Security-Token"
HOST = "Host"


class NeptuneAuthToken(Auth):
  def __init__(
    self,
    credentials: Credentials,
    region: str,
    url: str,
    **parameters
  ):
    # Do NOT add "/opencypher" in the line below if you're using an engine version older than 1.2.0.0
    request = AWSRequest(method=HTTP_METHOD, url=url + "/opencypher")
    request.headers.add_header("Host", _host_from_url(request.url))
    sigv4 = SigV4Auth(credentials, SERVICE_NAME, region)
    sigv4.add_auth(request)

    auth_obj = {
      hdr: request.headers[hdr]
      for hdr in [AUTHORIZATION, X_AMZ_DATE, X_AMZ_SECURITY_TOKEN, HOST]
    }
    auth_obj[HTTP_METHOD_HDR] = request.method
    creds: str = json.dumps(auth_obj)
    super().__init__(SCHEME, DUMMY_USERNAME, creds, REALM, **parameters)

Esta clase se utiliza para crear un controlador de la siguiente manera:

  authToken = NeptuneAuthToken(creds, REGION, URL)
  driver = GraphDatabase.driver(URL, auth=authToken, encrypted=True)

Un ejemplo de Node.js que usa IAM autenticación y Bolt

El código Node.js que aparece a continuación usa la ES6 sintaxis AWS SDK para la JavaScript versión 3 para crear un controlador que autentique las solicitudes:

import neo4j from "neo4j-driver";
import { HttpRequest }  from "@aws-sdk/protocol-http";
import { defaultProvider } from "@aws-sdk/credential-provider-node";
import { SignatureV4 } from "@aws-sdk/signature-v4";
import crypto from "@aws-crypto/sha256-js";
const { Sha256 } = crypto;
import assert from "node:assert";

const region = "us-west-2";
const serviceName = "neptune-db";
const host = "(your cluster endpoint URL)";
const port = 8182;
const protocol = "bolt";
const hostPort = host + ":" + port;
const url = protocol + "://" + hostPort;
const createQuery = "CREATE (n:Greeting {message: 'Hello'}) RETURN ID(n)";
const readQuery = "MATCH(n:Greeting) WHERE ID(n) = $id RETURN n.message";

async function signedHeader() {
  const req = new HttpRequest({
    method: "GET",
    protocol: protocol,
    hostname: host,
    port: port,
    // Comment out the following line if you're using an engine version older than 1.2.0.0
    path: "/opencypher",
    headers: {
      host: hostPort
    }
  });

  const signer = new SignatureV4({
    credentials: defaultProvider(),
    region: region,
    service: serviceName,
    sha256: Sha256
  });

  return signer.sign(req, { unsignableHeaders: new Set(["x-amz-content-sha256"]) })
    .then((signedRequest) => {
      const authInfo = {
        "Authorization": signedRequest.headers["authorization"],
        "HttpMethod": signedRequest.method,
        "X-Amz-Date": signedRequest.headers["x-amz-date"],
        "Host": signedRequest.headers["host"],
        "X-Amz-Security-Token": signedRequest.headers["x-amz-security-token"]
      };
      return JSON.stringify(authInfo);
    });
}

async function createDriver() {
  let authToken = { scheme: "basic", realm: "realm", principal: "username", credentials: await signedHeader() };

  return neo4j.driver(url, authToken, {
      encrypted: "ENCRYPTION_ON",
      trust: "TRUST_SYSTEM_CA_SIGNED_CERTIFICATES",
      maxConnectionPoolSize: 1,
      // logging: neo4j.logging.console("debug")
    }
  );
}

function unmanagedTxn(driver) {
  const session = driver.session();
  const tx = session.beginTransaction();
  tx.run(createQuery)
  .then((res) => {
    const id = res.records[0].get(0);
    return tx.run(readQuery, { id: id });
  })
  .then((res) => {
    // All good, the transaction will be committed
    const msg = res.records[0].get("n.message");
    assert.equal(msg, "Hello");
  })
  .catch(err => {
    // The transaction will be rolled back, now handle the error.
    console.log(err);
  })
  .then(() => session.close());
}

createDriver()
.then((driver) => {
  unmanagedTxn(driver);
  driver.close();
})
.catch((err) => {
  console.log(err);
});

A. NET openCypher ejemplo de consulta utilizando Bolt con IAM autenticación

Para habilitar IAM la autenticación en. NET, debe firmar una solicitud al establecer la conexión. En el siguiente ejemplo, se muestra cómo crear un ayudante de NeptuneAuthToken para generar un token de autenticación:

using Amazon.Runtime;
using Amazon.Util;
using Neo4j.Driver;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Web;

namespace Hello
{
  /*
   * Use this class instead of `AuthTokens.None` when working with an IAM-auth-enabled server.
   *
   * Note that authentication happens only the first time for a pooled connection.
   *
   * Typical usage:
   *
   * var authToken = new NeptuneAuthToken(AccessKey, SecretKey, Region).GetAuthToken(Host);
   * _driver = GraphDatabase.Driver(Url, authToken, o => o.WithEncryptionLevel(EncryptionLevel.Encrypted));
   */

  public class NeptuneAuthToken
  {
    private const string ServiceName = "neptune-db";
    private const string Scheme = "basic";
    private const string Realm = "realm";
    private const string DummyUserName = "username";
    private const string Algorithm = "AWS4-HMAC-SHA256";
    private const string AWSRequest = "aws4_request";

    private readonly string _accessKey;
    private readonly string _secretKey;
    private readonly string _region;

    private readonly string _emptyPayloadHash;

    private readonly SHA256 _sha256;


    public NeptuneAuthToken(string awsKey = null, string secretKey = null, string region = null)
    {
      var awsCredentials = awsKey == null || secretKey == null
        ? FallbackCredentialsFactory.GetCredentials().GetCredentials()
        : null;

      _accessKey = awsKey ?? awsCredentials.AccessKey;
      _secretKey = secretKey ?? awsCredentials.SecretKey;
      _region = region ?? FallbackRegionFactory.GetRegionEndpoint().SystemName; //ex: us-east-1

      _sha256 = SHA256.Create();
      _emptyPayloadHash = Hash(Array.Empty<byte>());
    }

    public IAuthToken GetAuthToken(string url)
    {
      return AuthTokens.Custom(DummyUserName, GetCredentials(url), Realm, Scheme);
    }

    /******************** AWS SIGNING FUNCTIONS *********************/
    private string Hash(byte[] bytesToHash)
    {
      return ToHexString(_sha256.ComputeHash(bytesToHash));
    }

    private static byte[] HmacSHA256(byte[] key, string data)
    {
      return new HMACSHA256(key).ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data));
    }

    private byte[] GetSignatureKey(string dateStamp)
    {
      var kSecret = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes($"AWS4{_secretKey}");
      var kDate = HmacSHA256(kSecret, dateStamp);
      var kRegion = HmacSHA256(kDate, _region);
      var kService = HmacSHA256(kRegion, ServiceName);
      return HmacSHA256(kService, AWSRequest);
    }

    private static string ToHexString(byte[] array)
    {
      return Convert.ToHexString(array).ToLowerInvariant();
    }

    private string GetCredentials(string url)
    {
      var request = new HttpRequestMessage
      {
        Method = HttpMethod.Get,
        RequestUri = new Uri($"https://{url}/opencypher")
      };

      var signedrequest = Sign(request);

      var headers = new Dictionary<string, object>
      {
        [HeaderKeys.AuthorizationHeader] = signedrequest.Headers.GetValues(HeaderKeys.AuthorizationHeader).FirstOrDefault(),
        ["HttpMethod"] = HttpMethod.Get.ToString(),
        [HeaderKeys.XAmzDateHeader] = signedrequest.Headers.GetValues(HeaderKeys.XAmzDateHeader).FirstOrDefault(),
        // Host should be capitalized, not like in Amazon.Util.HeaderKeys.HostHeader
        ["Host"] = signedrequest.Headers.GetValues(HeaderKeys.HostHeader).FirstOrDefault(),
      };

      return JsonSerializer.Serialize(headers);
    }

    private HttpRequestMessage Sign(HttpRequestMessage request)
    {
      var now = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow;
      var amzdate = now.ToString("yyyyMMddTHHmmssZ");
      var datestamp = now.ToString("yyyyMMdd");

      if (request.Headers.Host == null)
      {
        request.Headers.Host = $"{request.RequestUri.Host}:{request.RequestUri.Port}";
      }

      request.Headers.Add(HeaderKeys.XAmzDateHeader, amzdate);

      var canonicalQueryParams = GetCanonicalQueryParams(request);

      var canonicalRequest = new StringBuilder();
      canonicalRequest.Append(request.Method + "\n");
      canonicalRequest.Append(request.RequestUri.AbsolutePath + "\n");
      canonicalRequest.Append(canonicalQueryParams + "\n");

      var signedHeadersList = new List<string>();
      foreach (var header in request.Headers.OrderBy(a => a.Key.ToLowerInvariant()))
      {
        canonicalRequest.Append(header.Key.ToLowerInvariant());
        canonicalRequest.Append(':');
        canonicalRequest.Append(string.Join(",", header.Value.Select(s => s.Trim())));
        canonicalRequest.Append('\n');
        signedHeadersList.Add(header.Key.ToLowerInvariant());
      }
      canonicalRequest.Append('\n');

      var signedHeaders = string.Join(";", signedHeadersList);
      canonicalRequest.Append(signedHeaders + "\n");
      canonicalRequest.Append(_emptyPayloadHash);

      var credentialScope = $"{datestamp}/{_region}/{ServiceName}/{AWSRequest}";
      var stringToSign = $"{Algorithm}\n{amzdate}\n{credentialScope}\n"
        + Hash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(canonicalRequest.ToString()));

      var signing_key = GetSignatureKey(datestamp);
      var signature = ToHexString(HmacSHA256(signing_key, stringToSign));

      request.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation(HeaderKeys.AuthorizationHeader,
        $"{Algorithm} Credential={_accessKey}/{credentialScope}, SignedHeaders={signedHeaders}, Signature={signature}");

      return request;
    }

    private static string GetCanonicalQueryParams(HttpRequestMessage request)
    {
      var querystring = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(request.RequestUri.Query);

      // Query params must be escaped in upper case (i.e. "%2C", not "%2c").
      var queryParams = querystring.AllKeys.OrderBy(a => a)
        .Select(key => $"{key}={Uri.EscapeDataString(querystring[key])}");
      return string.Join("&", queryParams);
    }
  }
}

A continuación se explica cómo realizar una openCypher consulta. NETusando Bolt con IAM autenticación. En el siguiente ejemplo se usa el ayudante NeptuneAuthToken.

using Neo4j.Driver;

namespace Hello
{
  public class HelloWorldExample
  {
    private const string Host = "(your hostname):8182";
    private const string Url = $"bolt://{Host}";
    private const string CreateNodeQuery = "CREATE (a:Greeting) SET a.message = 'HelloWorldExample'";
    private const string ReadNodeQuery = "MATCH(n:Greeting) RETURN n.message";

    private const string AccessKey = "(your access key)";
    private const string SecretKey = "(your secret key)";
    private const string Region = "(your AWS region)"; // e.g. "us-west-2"

    private readonly IDriver _driver;

    public HelloWorldExample()
    {
      var authToken = new NeptuneAuthToken(AccessKey, SecretKey, Region).GetAuthToken(Host);

      // Note that when the connection is reinitialized after max connection lifetime
      // has been reached, the signature token could have already been expired (usually 5 min)
      // You can face exceptions like:
      //   `Unexpected server exception 'Signature expired: XXXX is now earlier than YYYY (ZZZZ - 5 min.)`
      _driver = GraphDatabase.Driver(Url, authToken, o =>
                o.WithMaxConnectionLifetime(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(60)).WithEncryptionLevel(EncryptionLevel.Encrypted));
    }

    public async Task CreateNode()
    {
      // Open a session
      using (var session = _driver.AsyncSession())
      {
        // Run the query in a write transaction
        var greeting = await session.WriteTransactionAsync(async tx =>
        {
          var result = await tx.RunAsync(CreateNodeQuery);
          // Consume the result
          return await result.ConsumeAsync();
        });

        // The output will look like this:
        //   ResultSummary{Query=`CREATE (a:Greeting) SET a.message = 'HelloWorldExample".....
        Console.WriteLine(greeting.Query);
      }
    }

    public async Task RetrieveNode()
    {
      // Open a session
      using (var session = _driver.AsyncSession())
      {
        // Run the query in a read transaction
        var greeting = await session.ReadTransactionAsync(async tx =>
        {
          var result = await tx.RunAsync(ReadNodeQuery);
          var records = await result.ToListAsync();

          // Consume the result. Read the single node
          // created in a previous step.
          return records[0].Values.First().Value;
        });
        // The output will look like this:
        //   HelloWorldExample
        Console.WriteLine(greeting);
      }
    }
  }
}

Este ejemplo se puede iniciar ejecutando el siguiente código en .NET 6 o .NET 7 con los siguientes paquetes:

namespace Hello
{
  class Program
  {
    static async Task Main()
    {
      var apiCaller = new HelloWorldExample();

      await apiCaller.CreateNode();
      await apiCaller.RetrieveNode();
    }
  }
}

Un ejemplo de openCypher consulta de Golang que utiliza Bolt con autenticación IAM

El siguiente paquete de Golang muestra cómo realizar openCypher consultas en el idioma Go utilizando Bolt con IAM autenticación:

package main

import (
  "context"
  "encoding/json"
  "fmt"
  "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials"
  "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/signer/v4"
  "github.com/neo4j/neo4j-go-driver/v5/neo4j"
  "log"
  "net/http"
  "os"
  "time"
)

const (
  ServiceName   = "neptune-db"
  DummyUsername = "username"
)

// Find node by id using Go driver
func findNode(ctx context.Context, region string, hostAndPort string, nodeId string) (string, error) {
  req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://"+hostAndPort+"/opencypher", nil)

  if err != nil {
    return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating request, %v", err)
  }

  // credentials must have been exported as environment variables
  signer := v4.NewSigner(credentials.NewEnvCredentials())
  _, err = signer.Sign(req, nil, ServiceName, region, time.Now())

  if err != nil {
    return "", fmt.Errorf("error signing request: %v", err)
  }

  hdrs := []string{"Authorization", "X-Amz-Date", "X-Amz-Security-Token"}
  hdrMap := make(map[string]string)
  for _, h := range hdrs {
    hdrMap[h] = req.Header.Get(h)
  }

  hdrMap["Host"] = req.Host
  hdrMap["HttpMethod"] = req.Method

  password, err := json.Marshal(hdrMap)
  if err != nil {
    return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating JSON, %v", err)
  }
  authToken := neo4j.BasicAuth(DummyUsername, string(password), "")
  // +s enables encryption with a full certificate check
  // Use +ssc to disable client side TLS verification
  driver, err := neo4j.NewDriverWithContext("bolt+s://"+hostAndPort+"/opencypher", authToken)
  if err != nil {
    return "", fmt.Errorf("error creating driver, %v", err)
  }

  defer driver.Close(ctx)

  if err := driver.VerifyConnectivity(ctx); err != nil {
    log.Fatalf("failed to verify connection, %v", err)
  }

  config := neo4j.SessionConfig{}

  session := driver.NewSession(ctx, config)
  defer session.Close(ctx)

  result, err := session.Run(
    ctx,
    fmt.Sprintf("MATCH (n) WHERE ID(n) = '%s' RETURN n", nodeId),
    map[string]any{},
  )
  if err != nil {
    return "", fmt.Errorf("error running query, %v", err)
  }

  if !result.Next(ctx) {
    return "", fmt.Errorf("node not found")
  }

  n, found := result.Record().Get("n")
  if !found {
    return "", fmt.Errorf("node not found")
  }

  return fmt.Sprintf("+%v\n", n), nil
}

func main() {
  if len(os.Args) < 3 {
    log.Fatal("Usage: go main.go (region) (host and port)")
  }
  region := os.Args[1]
  hostAndPort := os.Args[2]
  ctx := context.Background()

  res, err := findNode(ctx, region, hostAndPort, "72c2e8c1-7d5f-5f30-10ca-9d2bb8c4afbc")
  if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
  }
  fmt.Println(res)
}

Comportamiento de conexión de Bolt en Neptune

Aquí se incluyen algunos aspectos que debe tener en cuenta sobre las conexiones de Bolt de Neptune: