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Format Dokumen Kebijakan Lalu Lintas

Bila Anda membuat kebijakan lalu lintas secara terprogram menggunakan Amazon Route 53 API, salah satu AWS SDK, atau AWS CLI AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell, Anda menentukan definisi kebijakan lalu lintas dalam Document elemen dalam format JSON.

Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang kebijakan lalu lintas, lihat Menggunakan Arus Lalu Lintas untuk Merutekan Lalu Lintas DNS di Panduan Pengembang Amazon Route 53.

Sintaks Dasar

Berikut adalah sintaks dasar untuk dokumen kebijakan lalu lintas:

{
   "AWSPolicyFormatVersion": "2015-10-01 | 2023-05-09",
   "RecordType": "DNS type for all resource record sets created by this traffic policy",
   "StartEndpoint | StartRule": "ID that you assign to an endpoint or rule",
   "Endpoints": {
      "Endpoint ID that you assign": {
         Endpoint definition
      },
      ...
   },
   "Rules": {
      "Rule ID that you assign": {
         Rule definition
      },
      ...
   }
}

Sintaks dasar untuk dokumen kebijakan lalu lintas berisi objek berikut:

Sintaks untuk Definisi Titik Akhir

Berikut adalah sintaks untuk definisi titik akhir yang Anda tentukan dalam dokumen kebijakan lalu lintas:

{
   "Type": value | cloudfront | application-load-balancer | elastic-load-balancer | network-load-balancer | elastic-beanstalk | s3-website,
   "Region": "AWS region that you created your Amazon S3 bucket in"
   "Value": "value applicable to the type of endpoint"
}

Sintaks untuk definisi endpoint berisi objek berikut:

Sintaks untuk Definisi Aturan

Ada sintaks berbeda untuk definisi aturan yang Anda tentukan dalam dokumen kebijakan lalu lintas, tergantung pada jenis kebijakan perutean yang ingin Anda gunakan: failover, geolocation, geoproximity, latency, multivalue answer, atau weighted.

Aturan Failover

Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Mengonfigurasi Failover DNS di Panduan Pengembang Amazon Route 53.

{
   "RuleType": "failover",
   "Primary": {
      "EndpointReference | RuleReference": "ID that you assigned to the rule or endpoint that this rule routes traffic to",
      "EvaluateTargetHealth": "true" | "false",
      "HealthCheck": "optional health check ID"
   },
   "Secondary": {
      "EndpointReference | RuleReference": "ID that you assigned to the rule or endpoint that this rule routes traffic to",
      "EvaluateTargetHealth": "true" | "false",
      "HealthCheck": "optional health check ID"
   }
}

Saat Anda menentukan aturan failover, Anda menentukan objek berikut:

Aturan Geolokasi

Saat menambahkan aturan geolokasi, Anda mengonfigurasi kebijakan lalu lintas untuk merutekan lalu lintas berdasarkan lokasi geografis pengguna Anda. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Perutean Geolokasi di Panduan Pengembang Amazon Route 53.

{
   "RuleType": "geo",
   "Locations": [
      {
         "EndpointReference | RuleReference": "ID that you assigned to the rule or endpoint that this rule routes traffic to",
         "IsDefault": "true" | "false",
         "Continent": "continent name,
         "Country": "country name,
         "Subdivision": "subdivision name,
         "EvaluateTargetHealth": "true" | "false",
         "HealthCheck": "optional health check ID"
      },
      ...
   ]
}

Saat Anda menentukan aturan geolokasi, Anda menentukan objek berikut:

Aturan Geoproximity

Saat menambahkan aturan geoproximity, Anda mengonfigurasi Amazon Route 53 untuk merutekan lalu lintas ke sumber daya berdasarkan lokasi geografis sumber daya Anda. Anda juga dapat memilih untuk merutekan lebih banyak lalu lintas atau kurang ke titik akhir atau aturan tertentu dengan menentukan bias. Anda menggunakan bias untuk memperluas atau mengecilkan ukuran wilayah geografis dari mana lalu lintas diarahkan ke titik akhir atau aturan. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Perutean Geoproximity di Panduan Pengembang Amazon Route 53.

Contoh berikut AWSPolicyFormatVersion 2023-05-09 hanya untuk:

{
   "RuleType": "geoproximity",
   "GeoproximityLocations": [
      { 
         "EndpointReference | RuleReference": "ID that you assigned to the endpoint or rule that this rule routes traffic to",
         "Location":{
            "Type": "Region | LocalZone",
            "LocationName": "AWS Region | AWS Local Zone"
         },
         "Bias": "optional value to expand or shrink the geographic region for this rule, -99 to 99",
         "EvaluateTargetHealth": "true | false",
         "HealthCheck": "optional health check ID"
      },
      {
         "EndpointReference | RuleReference": "ID that you assigned to the endpoint or rule that this rule routes traffic to",
         "Location":{
            "Type": "Coordinate",
            "Latitude": "location south (negative) or north (positive) of the equator, -90 to 90 degrees",
            "Longitude": "location west (negative) or east (positive) of the prime meridian, -180 to 180 degrees"
         },
         "Bias": "optional value to expand or shrink the geographic region for this rule, -99 to 99",
         "EvaluateTargetHealth": "true | false",
         "HealthCheck": "optional health check ID"
      }
   ]
}

Contoh berikut AWSPolicyFormatVersion 2015-10-01 hanya untuk:

{
   "RuleType": "geoproximity",
   "GeoproximityLocations": [
      {
         "EndpointReference | RuleReference": "ID that you assigned to the endpoint or rule that this rule routes traffic to",
         "Region": "AWS Region",
         "Bias": "optional value to expand or shrink the geographic region for this rule, -99 to 99",
         "EvaluateTargetHealth": "true | false",
         "HealthCheck": "optional health check ID"
      },
      {
         "EndpointReference | RuleReference": "ID that you assigned to the endpoint or rule that this rule routes traffic to",
         "Latitude": "location south (negative) or north (positive) of the equator, -90 to 90 degrees",
         "Longitude": "location west (negative) or east (positive) of the prime meridian, -180 to 180 degrees",
         "Bias": "optional value to expand or shrink the geographic region for this rule, -99 to 99",
         "EvaluateTargetHealth": "true | false",
         "HealthCheck": "optional health check ID"
      }
   ]
}

Saat Anda menentukan aturan geoproximity, Anda menentukan objek berikut:

Aturan Latensi

Saat menambahkan aturan latensi, Anda mengonfigurasi kebijakan lalu lintas untuk merutekan lalu lintas berdasarkan latensi (waktu tunda) antara pengguna dan AWS wilayah tempat Anda membuat AWS sumber daya seperti penyeimbang beban ELB dan bucket Amazon S3. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Perutean Latensi di Panduan Pengembang Amazon Route 53.

{
   "RuleType": "latency",
   "Regions": [
      {
         "EndpointReference | RuleReference": "ID that you assigned to the rule or endpoint that this rule routes traffic to",
         "Region": "AWS region that you want to route traffic to",
         "EvaluateTargetHealth": "true" | "false",
         "HealthCheck": "optional health check ID"
      },
      ...
   ]
}

Saat Anda menentukan aturan latensi, Anda menentukan objek berikut:

Aturan Jawaban Multivalue

Ketika Anda menambahkan aturan jawaban multivalue, Anda mengonfigurasi kebijakan lalu lintas Anda untuk mengarahkan lalu lintas kira-kira secara acak ke sumber daya sehat Anda. Amazon Route 53 menanggapi kueri DNS dengan hingga delapan catatan sehat; jika Anda memiliki delapan atau lebih sedikit catatan sehat, Route 53 merespons semua kueri DNS dengan semua catatan sehat. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat MultiValueAnswer.

{
   "RuleType": "multivalue",
   "Items": [
      {
         "EndpointReference": "ID that you assigned to the endpoint that this rule routes traffic to",
         "HealthCheck": "optional health check ID"
      },
      ...
   ]
}

Ketika Anda menentukan aturan jawaban multivalue, Anda menentukan objek berikut:

Aturan Tertimbang

Saat menambahkan aturan tertimbang, Anda mengonfigurasi kebijakan lalu lintas untuk merutekan lalu lintas berdasarkan proporsi yang Anda tentukan. Misalnya, Anda dapat menentukan bobot 4, 5, 5, dan 6 (jumlah=20). Hasilnya adalah 4/20ths lalu lintas Anda, rata-rata, diarahkan ke titik akhir atau aturan pertama, 5/20ths diarahkan ke titik akhir atau aturan kedua dan ketiga, dan 6/20ths diarahkan ke titik akhir atau aturan terakhir. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat perutean Tertimbang dalam Panduan Pengembang Amazon Route 53.

{
   "RuleType": "weighted",
   "Items": [
      {
         "EndpointReference | RuleReference": "ID that you assigned to the rule or endpoint that this rule routes traffic to",
         "Weight": "value between 0 and 255",
         "EvaluateTargetHealth": "true" | "false",
         "HealthCheck": "optional health check ID"
      },
      ...
   ]
}

Saat Anda menentukan aturan berbobot, Anda menentukan objek berikut:

Contoh

Contoh berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakan aturan failover, geolocation, geoproximity, latency, dan weighted, serta cara menggunakan beberapa jenis aturan dalam kebijakan lalu lintas yang sama.

Contoh Failover

{
   "AWSPolicyFormatVersion":"2015-10-01",
   "RecordType":"A",
   "StartRule":"site_switch",
   "Endpoints":{
      "my_elb":{
         "Type":"elastic-load-balancer",
         "Value":"elb-111111.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com"
      },
      "site_down_banner":{
         "Type":"s3-website",
         "Region":"us-east-1",
         "Value":"www.example.com"
      }
   },
   "Rules":{
      "site_switch":{
         "RuleType":"failover",
         "Primary":{
            "EndpointReference":"my_elb"
         },
         "Secondary":{
            "EndpointReference":"site_down_banner"
         }
      }
   }
}

Contoh Geolokasi

{
  "AWSPolicyFormatVersion":"2015-10-01",
  "RecordType":"A",
  "StartRule":"geo_dest",
  "Endpoints":{
    "english":{
      "Type":"value",
      "Value":"192.0.2.1"
    },
    "french":{
      "Type":"value",
      "Value":"192.0.2.2"
    },
    "german":{
      "Type":"value",
      "Value":"192.0.2.3"
    }
  },
  "Rules":{
    "geo_dest":{
      "RuleType":"geo",
      "Locations":[
        {
          "EndpointReference":"english",
          "Country":"*",
          "HealthCheck":"11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111"
        },
        {
          "EndpointReference":"french",
          "Country":"FR",
          "IsDefault":false,
          "HealthCheck":"22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222"
        },
        {
          "EndpointReference":"french",
          "Country":"BE",
          "IsDefault":false,
          "HealthCheck":"22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222"
        },
        {
          "EndpointReference":"german",
          "Country":"DE",
          "IsDefault":false,
          "HealthCheck":"33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Contoh Geoproximity

{
  "AWSPolicyFormatVersion":"2015-10-01",
  "RecordType":"A",
  "StartRule":"geoprox-rule",
  "Endpoints":{
    "aws-us-west-1-region":{
      "Type":"elastic-load-balancer",
      "Value":"elb-123456.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "london-data-center":{
      "Type":"value",
      "Value":"192.0.2.1"
    }
  },
  "Rules":{
    "geoprox-rule":{
      "RuleType": "geoproximity",
      "GeoproximityLocations": [
        {
          "EndpointReference": "aws-us-west-1-region",
          "Region": "aws:route53:us-west-1",
          "Bias": "10",
          "HealthCheck": "11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111"
        },
        {
          "EndpointReference": "london-data-center",
          "Latitude": "51.50",
          "Longitude": "-0.16",
          "Bias": "0",
          "HealthCheck": "22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

{
  "AWSPolicyFormatVersion":"2023-05-09",
  "RecordType":"A",
  "StartRule":"geoprox-rule",
  "Endpoints":{
    "aws-us-west-1-region":{
      "Type":"elastic-load-balancer",
      "Value":"elb-123456.us-west-1.elb.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "aws-us-east-1-atl-local-zone":{
      "Type":"elastic-load-balancer",
      "Value":"elb-123456.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "london-data-center":{
      "Type":"value",
      "Value":"192.0.2.1"
    }
  },
  "Rules":{
    "geoprox-rule":{
      "RuleType": "geoproximity",
      "GeoproximityLocations": [
        {
          "EndpointReference": "aws-us-west-1-region",
          "Location": {
            "Type": "Region",
            "LocationName": "aws:route53:us-west-1"
          },
          "Bias": "-10",
          "HealthCheck": "11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111"
        },
        {
          "EndpointReference": "aws-us-east-1-atl-local-zone",
          "Location": {
            "Type": "LocalZone",
            "LocationName": "aws:route53:us-east-1-atl-1a"
          },
          "Bias": "10",
          "HealthCheck": "22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222"
        },
        {
          "EndpointReference": "london-data-center",
          "Location": {
            "Type": "Coordinate",
            "Latitude": "51.50",
            "Longitude": "-0.16"
          },
          "Bias": "0",
          "HealthCheck": "33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Contoh Latensi

{
  "AWSPolicyFormatVersion":"2015-10-01",
  "RecordType":"A",
  "StartRule":"region_selector",
  "Endpoints":{
    "us_lb":{
      "Type":"elastic-load-balancer",
      "Value":"elb-123456.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "europe_lb":{
      "Type":"elastic-load-balancer",
      "Value":"elb-654321.eu-west-1.elb.amazonaws.com"
    }
  },
  "Rules":{
    "region_selector":{
      "RuleType":"latency",
      "Regions":[
        {
          "Region":"us-east-1",
          "EndpointReference":"us_lb"
        },
        {
          "Region":"eu-west-1",
          "EndpointReference":"europe_lb"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Contoh Tertimbang

{
  "AWSPolicyFormatVersion":"2015-10-01",
  "RecordType":"A",
  "StartRule":"round_robin",
  "Endpoints":{
    "srv1":{
      "Type":"value",
      "Value":"192.0.2.1"
    },
    "srv2":{
      "Type":"value",
      "Value":"192.0.2.2"
    },
    "srv3":{
      "Type":"value",
      "Value":"192.0.2.3"
    }
  },
  "Rules":{
    "round_robin":{
      "RuleType":"weighted",
      "Items":[
        {
          "EndpointReference":"srv1",
          "Weight":"3",
          "HealthCheck":"11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111"
        },
        {
          "EndpointReference":"srv2",
          "Weight":"1",
          "HealthCheck":"22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222"
        },
        {
          "EndpointReference":"srv3",
          "Weight":"1",
          "HealthCheck":"33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Contoh dengan Aturan Failover, Latensi, dan Geolokasi

{
  "AWSPolicyFormatVersion":"2015-10-01",
  "RecordType":"A",
  "StartRule":"geo_restriction",
  "Endpoints":{
    "east_coast_lb1":{
      "Type":"elastic-load-balancer",
      "Value":"elb-111111.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "east_coast_lb2":{
      "Type":"elastic-load-balancer",
      "Value":"elb-222222.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "west_coast_lb1":{
      "Type":"elastic-load-balancer",
      "Value":"elb-111111.us-west-1.elb.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "west_coast_lb2":{
      "Type":"elastic-load-balancer",
      "Value":"elb-222222.us-west-1.elb.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "denied_message":{
      "Type":"s3-website",
      "Region":"us-east-1",
      "Value":"video.example.com"
    }
  },
  "Rules":{
    "geo_restriction":{
      "RuleType":"geo",
      "Locations":[
        {
          "EndpointReference":"denied_message",
          "IsDefault":true
        },
        {
          "RuleReference":"region_selector",
          "Country":"US"
        }
      ]
    },
    "region_selector":{
      "RuleType":"latency",
      "Regions":[
        {
          "Region":"us-east-1",
          "RuleReference":"east_coast_region"
        },
        {
          "Region":"us-west-1",
          "RuleReference":"west_coast_region"
        }
      ]
    },
    "east_coast_region":{
      "RuleType":"failover",
      "Primary":{
        "EndpointReference":"east_coast_lb1"
      },
      "Secondary":{
        "EndpointReference":"east_coast_lb2"
      }
    },
    "west_coast_region":{
      "RuleType":"failover",
      "Primary":{
        "EndpointReference":"west_coast_lb1"
      },
      "Secondary":{
        "EndpointReference":"west_coast_lb2"
      }
    }
  }
}