There are more AWS SDK examples available in the [AWS Doc SDK Examples](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples) GitHub repo.

# Amazon Redshift examples using AWS CLI with Bash script
<a name="bash_2_redshift_code_examples"></a>

The following code examples show you how to perform actions and implement common scenarios by using the AWS Command Line Interface with Bash script with Amazon Redshift.

*Scenarios* are code examples that show you how to accomplish specific tasks by calling multiple functions within a service or combined with other AWS services.

Each example includes a link to the complete source code, where you can find instructions on how to set up and run the code in context.

**Topics**
+ [Scenarios](#scenarios)

## Scenarios
<a name="scenarios"></a>

### Get started with Redshift Serverless
<a name="redshift_GettingStarted_038_bash_2_topic"></a>

The following code example shows how to:
+ Use secrets-manager CreateSecret
+ Use secrets-manager DeleteSecret
+ Use secrets-manager GetSecretValue
+ Use redshift CreateNamespace
+ Use redshift CreateWorkgroup
+ Use redshift DeleteNamespace
+ Use iam CreateRole

**AWS CLI with Bash script**  
 There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the [Sample developer tutorials](https://github.com/aws-samples/sample-developer-tutorials/tree/main/tuts/038-redshift-serverless) repository. 

```
#!/bin/bash

# Amazon Redshift Serverless Tutorial Script with Secrets Manager (No jq dependency)
# This script creates a Redshift Serverless environment, loads sample data, and runs queries
# Uses AWS Secrets Manager for secure password management without requiring jq

# Set up logging
LOG_FILE="redshift-serverless-tutorial-v4.log"
exec > >(tee -a "$LOG_FILE") 2>&1

echo "Starting Amazon Redshift Serverless tutorial script at $(date)"
echo "All commands and outputs will be logged to $LOG_FILE"

# Function to check for errors in command output
check_error() {
  local output=$1
  local cmd=$2
  
  if echo "$output" | grep -i "error\|exception\|fail" > /dev/null; then
    echo "ERROR: Command failed: $cmd"
    echo "Output: $output"
    cleanup_resources
    exit 1
  fi
}

# Function to generate a secure password that meets Redshift requirements
generate_secure_password() {
  # Redshift password requirements:
  # - 8-64 characters
  # - At least one uppercase letter
  # - At least one lowercase letter  
  # - At least one decimal digit
  # - Can contain printable ASCII characters except /, ", ', \, @, space
  
  local password=""
  local valid=false
  local attempts=0
  local max_attempts=10
  
  while [[ "$valid" == false && $attempts -lt $max_attempts ]]; do
    # Generate base password with safe characters
    local base=$(openssl rand -base64 12 | tr -d '/+=' | head -c 12)
    
    # Ensure we have at least one of each required character type
    local upper=$(echo "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" | fold -w1 | shuf -n1)
    local lower=$(echo "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" | fold -w1 | shuf -n1)
    local digit=$(echo "0123456789" | fold -w1 | shuf -n1)
    local special=$(echo "!#$%&*()_+-=[]{}|;:,.<>?" | fold -w1 | shuf -n1)
    
    # Combine and shuffle
    password="${base}${upper}${lower}${digit}${special}"
    password=$(echo "$password" | fold -w1 | shuf | tr -d '\n')
    
    # Validate password meets requirements
    if [[ ${#password} -ge 8 && ${#password} -le 64 ]] && \
       [[ "$password" =~ [A-Z] ]] && \
       [[ "$password" =~ [a-z] ]] && \
       [[ "$password" =~ [0-9] ]] && \
       [[ ! "$password" =~ [/\"\'\\@[:space:]] ]]; then
      valid=true
    fi
    
    ((attempts++))
  done
  
  if [[ "$valid" == false ]]; then
    echo "ERROR: Failed to generate valid password after $max_attempts attempts"
    exit 1
  fi
  
  echo "$password"
}

# Function to create secret in AWS Secrets Manager
create_secret() {
  local secret_name=$1
  local username=$2
  local password=$3
  local description=$4
  
  echo "Creating secret in AWS Secrets Manager: $secret_name"
  
  # Create the secret using AWS CLI without jq
  local secret_output=$(aws secretsmanager create-secret \
    --name "$secret_name" \
    --description "$description" \
    --secret-string "{\"username\":\"$username\",\"password\":\"$password\"}" 2>&1)
  
  if echo "$secret_output" | grep -i "error\|exception\|fail" > /dev/null; then
    echo "ERROR: Failed to create secret: $secret_output"
    return 1
  fi
  
  echo "Secret created successfully: $secret_name"
  return 0
}

# Function to retrieve password from AWS Secrets Manager
get_password_from_secret() {
  local secret_name=$1
  
  # Get the secret value and extract password using sed/grep instead of jq
  local secret_value=$(aws secretsmanager get-secret-value \
    --secret-id "$secret_name" \
    --query 'SecretString' \
    --output text 2>/dev/null)
  
  if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
    # Extract password from JSON using sed
    echo "$secret_value" | sed -n 's/.*"password":"\([^"]*\)".*/\1/p'
  else
    echo ""
  fi
}

# Function to wait for a resource to be available
wait_for_resource() {
  local resource_type=$1
  local resource_name=$2
  local max_attempts=$3
  local wait_seconds=$4
  local check_cmd=$5
  
  echo "Waiting for $resource_type $resource_name to be available..."
  
  for ((i=1; i<=$max_attempts; i++)); do
    local output=$($check_cmd 2>/dev/null)
    local status=$(echo "$output" | grep -o '"Status": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4 || echo "")
    
    if [[ "$status" == "AVAILABLE" ]]; then
      echo "$resource_type $resource_name is now available"
      return 0
    fi
    
    echo "Attempt $i/$max_attempts: $resource_type $resource_name status: $status. Waiting $wait_seconds seconds..."
    sleep $wait_seconds
  done
  
  echo "ERROR: Timed out waiting for $resource_type $resource_name to be available"
  return 1
}

# Function to wait for a resource to be deleted
wait_for_resource_deletion() {
  local resource_type=$1
  local resource_name=$2
  local max_attempts=$3
  local wait_seconds=$4
  local check_cmd=$5
  
  echo "Waiting for $resource_type $resource_name to be deleted..."
  
  for ((i=1; i<=$max_attempts; i++)); do
    local output=$($check_cmd 2>&1)
    
    if echo "$output" | grep -i "not found\|does not exist" > /dev/null; then
      echo "$resource_type $resource_name has been deleted"
      return 0
    fi
    
    echo "Attempt $i/$max_attempts: $resource_type $resource_name is still being deleted. Waiting $wait_seconds seconds..."
    sleep $wait_seconds
  done
  
  echo "ERROR: Timed out waiting for $resource_type $resource_name to be deleted"
  return 1
}

# Function to clean up resources
cleanup_resources() {
  echo ""
  echo "==========================================="
  echo "CLEANUP CONFIRMATION"
  echo "==========================================="
  echo "The following resources were created:"
  echo "- Redshift Serverless Workgroup: $WORKGROUP_NAME"
  echo "- Redshift Serverless Namespace: $NAMESPACE_NAME"
  echo "- IAM Role: $ROLE_NAME"
  echo "- Secrets Manager Secret: $SECRET_NAME"
  echo ""
  echo "Do you want to clean up all created resources? (y/n): "
  read -r CLEANUP_CHOICE
  
  if [[ "${CLEANUP_CHOICE,,}" == "y" ]]; then
    echo "Cleaning up resources..."
    
    # Delete the workgroup
    echo "Deleting Redshift Serverless workgroup $WORKGROUP_NAME..."
    WORKGROUP_DELETE_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-serverless delete-workgroup --workgroup-name "$WORKGROUP_NAME" 2>&1)
    echo "$WORKGROUP_DELETE_OUTPUT"
    
    # Wait for workgroup to be deleted before deleting namespace
    wait_for_resource_deletion "workgroup" "$WORKGROUP_NAME" 20 30 "aws redshift-serverless get-workgroup --workgroup-name $WORKGROUP_NAME"
    
    # Delete the namespace
    echo "Deleting Redshift Serverless namespace $NAMESPACE_NAME..."
    NAMESPACE_DELETE_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-serverless delete-namespace --namespace-name "$NAMESPACE_NAME" 2>&1)
    echo "$NAMESPACE_DELETE_OUTPUT"
    
    # Wait for namespace to be deleted
    wait_for_resource_deletion "namespace" "$NAMESPACE_NAME" 20 30 "aws redshift-serverless get-namespace --namespace-name $NAMESPACE_NAME"
    
    # Delete the IAM role policy
    echo "Deleting IAM role policy..."
    POLICY_DELETE_OUTPUT=$(aws iam delete-role-policy --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" --policy-name S3Access 2>&1)
    echo "$POLICY_DELETE_OUTPUT"
    
    # Delete the IAM role
    echo "Deleting IAM role $ROLE_NAME..."
    ROLE_DELETE_OUTPUT=$(aws iam delete-role --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" 2>&1)
    echo "$ROLE_DELETE_OUTPUT"
    
    # Delete the secret
    echo "Deleting Secrets Manager secret $SECRET_NAME..."
    SECRET_DELETE_OUTPUT=$(aws secretsmanager delete-secret --secret-id "$SECRET_NAME" --force-delete-without-recovery 2>&1)
    echo "$SECRET_DELETE_OUTPUT"
    
    echo "Cleanup completed."
  else
    echo "Cleanup skipped. Resources will remain in your AWS account."
  fi
}

# Check if required tools are available
if ! command -v openssl &> /dev/null; then
    echo "ERROR: openssl is required but not installed. Please install openssl to continue."
    exit 1
fi

# Generate unique names for resources
RANDOM_SUFFIX=$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc 'a-z0-9' | head -c 6)
NAMESPACE_NAME="rs-namespace-${RANDOM_SUFFIX}"
WORKGROUP_NAME="rs-workgroup-${RANDOM_SUFFIX}"
ROLE_NAME="RedshiftServerlessS3Role-${RANDOM_SUFFIX}"
SECRET_NAME="redshift-serverless-admin-${RANDOM_SUFFIX}"
DB_NAME="dev"
ADMIN_USERNAME="admin"

# Generate secure password
echo "Generating secure password..."
ADMIN_PASSWORD=$(generate_secure_password)

# Create secret in AWS Secrets Manager
create_secret "$SECRET_NAME" "$ADMIN_USERNAME" "$ADMIN_PASSWORD" "Admin credentials for Redshift Serverless namespace $NAMESPACE_NAME"
if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
  echo "ERROR: Failed to create secret in AWS Secrets Manager"
  exit 1
fi

# Track created resources
CREATED_RESOURCES=()

echo "Using the following resource names:"
echo "- Namespace: $NAMESPACE_NAME"
echo "- Workgroup: $WORKGROUP_NAME"
echo "- IAM Role: $ROLE_NAME"
echo "- Secret: $SECRET_NAME"
echo "- Database: $DB_NAME"
echo "- Admin Username: $ADMIN_USERNAME"
echo "- Admin Password: [STORED IN SECRETS MANAGER]"

# Step 1: Create IAM role for S3 access
echo "Creating IAM role for Redshift Serverless S3 access..."

# Create trust policy document
cat > redshift-trust-policy.json << EOF
{
  "Version":"2012-10-17",		 	 	 
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "Service": "redshift-serverless.amazonaws.com"
      },
      "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# Create S3 access policy document
cat > redshift-s3-policy.json << EOF
{
  "Version":"2012-10-17",		 	 	 
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject",
        "s3:ListBucket"
      ],
      "Resource": [
        "arn:aws:s3:::redshift-downloads",
        "arn:aws:s3:::redshift-downloads/*"
      ]
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# Create IAM role
echo "Creating IAM role $ROLE_NAME..."
ROLE_OUTPUT=$(aws iam create-role --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" --assume-role-policy-document file://redshift-trust-policy.json 2>&1)
echo "$ROLE_OUTPUT"
check_error "$ROLE_OUTPUT" "aws iam create-role"
CREATED_RESOURCES+=("IAM Role: $ROLE_NAME")

# Attach S3 policy to the role
echo "Attaching S3 access policy to role $ROLE_NAME..."
POLICY_OUTPUT=$(aws iam put-role-policy --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" --policy-name S3Access --policy-document file://redshift-s3-policy.json 2>&1)
echo "$POLICY_OUTPUT"
check_error "$POLICY_OUTPUT" "aws iam put-role-policy"

# Get the role ARN
ROLE_ARN=$(aws iam get-role --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" --query 'Role.Arn' --output text)
echo "Role ARN: $ROLE_ARN"

# Step 2: Create a namespace
echo "Creating Redshift Serverless namespace $NAMESPACE_NAME..."
NAMESPACE_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-serverless create-namespace \
  --namespace-name "$NAMESPACE_NAME" \
  --admin-username "$ADMIN_USERNAME" \
  --admin-user-password "$ADMIN_PASSWORD" \
  --db-name "$DB_NAME" 2>&1)
echo "$NAMESPACE_OUTPUT"
check_error "$NAMESPACE_OUTPUT" "aws redshift-serverless create-namespace"
CREATED_RESOURCES+=("Redshift Serverless Namespace: $NAMESPACE_NAME")

# Wait for namespace to be available
wait_for_resource "namespace" "$NAMESPACE_NAME" 10 30 "aws redshift-serverless get-namespace --namespace-name $NAMESPACE_NAME"

# Associate IAM role with namespace
echo "Associating IAM role with namespace..."
UPDATE_NAMESPACE_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-serverless update-namespace \
  --namespace-name "$NAMESPACE_NAME" \
  --iam-roles "$ROLE_ARN" 2>&1)
echo "$UPDATE_NAMESPACE_OUTPUT"
check_error "$UPDATE_NAMESPACE_OUTPUT" "aws redshift-serverless update-namespace"

# Step 3: Create a workgroup
echo "Creating Redshift Serverless workgroup $WORKGROUP_NAME..."
WORKGROUP_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-serverless create-workgroup \
  --workgroup-name "$WORKGROUP_NAME" \
  --namespace-name "$NAMESPACE_NAME" \
  --base-capacity 8 2>&1)
echo "$WORKGROUP_OUTPUT"
check_error "$WORKGROUP_OUTPUT" "aws redshift-serverless create-workgroup"
CREATED_RESOURCES+=("Redshift Serverless Workgroup: $WORKGROUP_NAME")

# Wait for workgroup to be available
wait_for_resource "workgroup" "$WORKGROUP_NAME" 20 30 "aws redshift-serverless get-workgroup --workgroup-name $WORKGROUP_NAME"

# Get workgroup endpoint
WORKGROUP_ENDPOINT=$(aws redshift-serverless get-workgroup \
  --workgroup-name "$WORKGROUP_NAME" \
  --query 'workgroup.endpoint.address' \
  --output text)
echo "Workgroup endpoint: $WORKGROUP_ENDPOINT"

# Wait additional time for the endpoint to be fully operational
echo "Waiting for endpoint to be fully operational..."
sleep 60

# Step 4: Create tables for sample data
echo "Creating tables for sample data..."

# Create users table
echo "Creating users table..."
USERS_TABLE_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-data execute-statement \
  --database "$DB_NAME" \
  --workgroup-name "$WORKGROUP_NAME" \
  --sql "CREATE TABLE users(
    userid INTEGER NOT NULL DISTKEY SORTKEY,
    username CHAR(8),
    firstname VARCHAR(30),
    lastname VARCHAR(30),
    city VARCHAR(30),
    state CHAR(2),
    email VARCHAR(100),
    phone CHAR(14),
    likesports BOOLEAN,
    liketheatre BOOLEAN,
    likeconcerts BOOLEAN,
    likejazz BOOLEAN,
    likeclassical BOOLEAN,
    likeopera BOOLEAN,
    likerock BOOLEAN,
    likevegas BOOLEAN,
    likebroadway BOOLEAN,
    likemusicals BOOLEAN
  );" 2>&1)
echo "$USERS_TABLE_OUTPUT"
check_error "$USERS_TABLE_OUTPUT" "aws redshift-data execute-statement (users table)"
USERS_QUERY_ID=$(echo "$USERS_TABLE_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"Id": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)

# Wait for query to complete
echo "Waiting for users table creation to complete..."
sleep 5

# Create event table
echo "Creating event table..."
EVENT_TABLE_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-data execute-statement \
  --database "$DB_NAME" \
  --workgroup-name "$WORKGROUP_NAME" \
  --sql "CREATE TABLE event(
    eventid INTEGER NOT NULL DISTKEY,
    venueid SMALLINT NOT NULL,
    catid SMALLINT NOT NULL,
    dateid SMALLINT NOT NULL SORTKEY,
    eventname VARCHAR(200),
    starttime TIMESTAMP
  );" 2>&1)
echo "$EVENT_TABLE_OUTPUT"
check_error "$EVENT_TABLE_OUTPUT" "aws redshift-data execute-statement (event table)"
EVENT_QUERY_ID=$(echo "$EVENT_TABLE_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"Id": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)

# Wait for query to complete
echo "Waiting for event table creation to complete..."
sleep 5

# Create sales table
echo "Creating sales table..."
SALES_TABLE_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-data execute-statement \
  --database "$DB_NAME" \
  --workgroup-name "$WORKGROUP_NAME" \
  --sql "CREATE TABLE sales(
    salesid INTEGER NOT NULL,
    listid INTEGER NOT NULL DISTKEY,
    sellerid INTEGER NOT NULL,
    buyerid INTEGER NOT NULL,
    eventid INTEGER NOT NULL,
    dateid SMALLINT NOT NULL SORTKEY,
    qtysold SMALLINT NOT NULL,
    pricepaid DECIMAL(8,2),
    commission DECIMAL(8,2),
    saletime TIMESTAMP
  );" 2>&1)
echo "$SALES_TABLE_OUTPUT"
check_error "$SALES_TABLE_OUTPUT" "aws redshift-data execute-statement (sales table)"
SALES_QUERY_ID=$(echo "$SALES_TABLE_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"Id": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)

# Wait for tables to be created
echo "Waiting for tables to be created..."
sleep 10

# Step 5: Load sample data from Amazon S3
echo "Loading sample data from Amazon S3..."

# Load data into users table
echo "Loading data into users table..."
USERS_LOAD_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-data execute-statement \
  --database "$DB_NAME" \
  --workgroup-name "$WORKGROUP_NAME" \
  --sql "COPY users 
    FROM 's3://redshift-downloads/tickit/allusers_pipe.txt' 
    DELIMITER '|' 
    TIMEFORMAT 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS'
    IGNOREHEADER 1 
    IAM_ROLE '$ROLE_ARN';" 2>&1)
echo "$USERS_LOAD_OUTPUT"
check_error "$USERS_LOAD_OUTPUT" "aws redshift-data execute-statement (load users)"
USERS_LOAD_QUERY_ID=$(echo "$USERS_LOAD_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"Id": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)

# Wait for data loading to complete
echo "Waiting for users data loading to complete..."
sleep 10

# Load data into event table
echo "Loading data into event table..."
EVENT_LOAD_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-data execute-statement \
  --database "$DB_NAME" \
  --workgroup-name "$WORKGROUP_NAME" \
  --sql "COPY event
    FROM 's3://redshift-downloads/tickit/allevents_pipe.txt' 
    DELIMITER '|' 
    TIMEFORMAT 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS'
    IGNOREHEADER 1 
    IAM_ROLE '$ROLE_ARN';" 2>&1)
echo "$EVENT_LOAD_OUTPUT"
check_error "$EVENT_LOAD_OUTPUT" "aws redshift-data execute-statement (load event)"
EVENT_LOAD_QUERY_ID=$(echo "$EVENT_LOAD_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"Id": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)

# Wait for data loading to complete
echo "Waiting for event data loading to complete..."
sleep 10

# Load data into sales table
echo "Loading data into sales table..."
SALES_LOAD_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-data execute-statement \
  --database "$DB_NAME" \
  --workgroup-name "$WORKGROUP_NAME" \
  --sql "COPY sales
    FROM 's3://redshift-downloads/tickit/sales_tab.txt' 
    DELIMITER '\t' 
    TIMEFORMAT 'MM/DD/YYYY HH:MI:SS'
    IGNOREHEADER 1 
    IAM_ROLE '$ROLE_ARN';" 2>&1)
echo "$SALES_LOAD_OUTPUT"
check_error "$SALES_LOAD_OUTPUT" "aws redshift-data execute-statement (load sales)"
SALES_LOAD_QUERY_ID=$(echo "$SALES_LOAD_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"Id": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)

# Wait for data loading to complete
echo "Waiting for sales data loading to complete..."
sleep 30

# Step 6: Run sample queries
echo "Running sample queries..."

# Query 1: Find top 10 buyers by quantity
echo "Running query: Find top 10 buyers by quantity..."
QUERY1_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-data execute-statement \
  --database "$DB_NAME" \
  --workgroup-name "$WORKGROUP_NAME" \
  --sql "SELECT firstname, lastname, total_quantity 
    FROM (SELECT buyerid, sum(qtysold) total_quantity
          FROM sales
          GROUP BY buyerid
          ORDER BY total_quantity desc limit 10) Q, users
    WHERE Q.buyerid = userid
    ORDER BY Q.total_quantity desc;" 2>&1)
echo "$QUERY1_OUTPUT"
check_error "$QUERY1_OUTPUT" "aws redshift-data execute-statement (query 1)"
QUERY1_ID=$(echo "$QUERY1_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"Id": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)

# Wait for query to complete
echo "Waiting for query 1 to complete..."
sleep 10

# Get query 1 results
echo "Getting results for query 1..."
QUERY1_STATUS_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-data describe-statement --id "$QUERY1_ID" 2>&1)
echo "$QUERY1_STATUS_OUTPUT"
check_error "$QUERY1_STATUS_OUTPUT" "aws redshift-data describe-statement (query 1)"

QUERY1_STATUS=$(echo "$QUERY1_STATUS_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"Status": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)
if [ "$QUERY1_STATUS" == "FINISHED" ]; then
  QUERY1_RESULTS=$(aws redshift-data get-statement-result --id "$QUERY1_ID" 2>&1)
  echo "Query 1 Results:"
  echo "$QUERY1_RESULTS"
else
  echo "Query 1 is not yet complete. Status: $QUERY1_STATUS"
  echo "Waiting additional time for query to complete..."
  sleep 20
  
  # Check again
  QUERY1_STATUS_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-data describe-statement --id "$QUERY1_ID" 2>&1)
  QUERY1_STATUS=$(echo "$QUERY1_STATUS_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"Status": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)
  
  if [ "$QUERY1_STATUS" == "FINISHED" ]; then
    QUERY1_RESULTS=$(aws redshift-data get-statement-result --id "$QUERY1_ID" 2>&1)
    echo "Query 1 Results:"
    echo "$QUERY1_RESULTS"
  else
    echo "Query 1 is still not complete. Status: $QUERY1_STATUS"
  fi
fi

# Query 2: Find events in the 99.9 percentile in terms of all time total sales
echo "Running query: Find events in the 99.9 percentile in terms of all time total sales..."
QUERY2_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-data execute-statement \
  --database "$DB_NAME" \
  --workgroup-name "$WORKGROUP_NAME" \
  --sql "SELECT eventname, total_price 
    FROM (SELECT eventid, total_price, ntile(1000) over(order by total_price desc) as percentile 
          FROM (SELECT eventid, sum(pricepaid) total_price
                FROM sales
                GROUP BY eventid)) Q, event E
    WHERE Q.eventid = E.eventid
    AND percentile = 1
    ORDER BY total_price desc;" 2>&1)
echo "$QUERY2_OUTPUT"
check_error "$QUERY2_OUTPUT" "aws redshift-data execute-statement (query 2)"
QUERY2_ID=$(echo "$QUERY2_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"Id": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)

# Wait for query to complete
echo "Waiting for query 2 to complete..."
sleep 10

# Get query 2 results
echo "Getting results for query 2..."
QUERY2_STATUS_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-data describe-statement --id "$QUERY2_ID" 2>&1)
echo "$QUERY2_STATUS_OUTPUT"
check_error "$QUERY2_STATUS_OUTPUT" "aws redshift-data describe-statement (query 2)"

QUERY2_STATUS=$(echo "$QUERY2_STATUS_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"Status": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)
if [ "$QUERY2_STATUS" == "FINISHED" ]; then
  QUERY2_RESULTS=$(aws redshift-data get-statement-result --id "$QUERY2_ID" 2>&1)
  echo "Query 2 Results:"
  echo "$QUERY2_RESULTS"
else
  echo "Query 2 is not yet complete. Status: $QUERY2_STATUS"
  echo "Waiting additional time for query to complete..."
  sleep 20
  
  # Check again
  QUERY2_STATUS_OUTPUT=$(aws redshift-data describe-statement --id "$QUERY2_ID" 2>&1)
  QUERY2_STATUS=$(echo "$QUERY2_STATUS_OUTPUT" | grep -o '"Status": "[^"]*' | cut -d'"' -f4)
  
  if [ "$QUERY2_STATUS" == "FINISHED" ]; then
    QUERY2_RESULTS=$(aws redshift-data get-statement-result --id "$QUERY2_ID" 2>&1)
    echo "Query 2 Results:"
    echo "$QUERY2_RESULTS"
  else
    echo "Query 2 is still not complete. Status: $QUERY2_STATUS"
  fi
fi

# Summary
echo ""
echo "==========================================="
echo "TUTORIAL SUMMARY"
echo "==========================================="
echo "You have successfully:"
echo "1. Created a Redshift Serverless namespace and workgroup"
echo "2. Created an IAM role with S3 access permissions"
echo "3. Stored admin credentials securely in AWS Secrets Manager"
echo "4. Created tables for sample data"
echo "5. Loaded sample data from Amazon S3"
echo "6. Run sample queries on the data"
echo ""
echo "Redshift Serverless Resources:"
echo "- Namespace: $NAMESPACE_NAME"
echo "- Workgroup: $WORKGROUP_NAME"
echo "- Database: $DB_NAME"
echo "- Endpoint: $WORKGROUP_ENDPOINT"
echo "- Credentials Secret: $SECRET_NAME"
echo ""
echo "To connect to your Redshift Serverless database using SQL tools:"
echo "- Host: $WORKGROUP_ENDPOINT"
echo "- Database: $DB_NAME"
echo "- Username: $ADMIN_USERNAME"
echo "- Password: Retrieve from AWS Secrets Manager secret '$SECRET_NAME'"
echo ""
echo "To retrieve the password from Secrets Manager (without jq):"
echo "aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id $SECRET_NAME --query 'SecretString' --output text | sed -n 's/.*\"password\":\"\([^\"]*\)\".*/\1/p'"
echo ""

# Clean up temporary files
rm -f redshift-trust-policy.json redshift-s3-policy.json

# Clean up resources
cleanup_resources

echo "Tutorial completed at $(date)"
```
+ For API details, see the following topics in *AWS CLI Command Reference*.
  + [CreateNamespace](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/redshift-2012-12-01/CreateNamespace)
  + [CreateRole](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/CreateRole)
  + [CreateSecret](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/secretsmanager-2017-10-17/CreateSecret)
  + [CreateWorkgroup](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/redshift-2012-12-01/CreateWorkgroup)
  + [DeleteNamespace](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/redshift-2012-12-01/DeleteNamespace)
  + [DeleteRole](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/DeleteRole)
  + [DeleteRolePolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/DeleteRolePolicy)
  + [DeleteSecret](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/secretsmanager-2017-10-17/DeleteSecret)
  + [DeleteWorkgroup](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/redshift-2012-12-01/DeleteWorkgroup)
  + [GetNamespace](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/redshift-2012-12-01/GetNamespace)
  + [GetRole](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/GetRole)
  + [GetSecretValue](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/secretsmanager-2017-10-17/GetSecretValue)
  + [GetWorkgroup](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/redshift-2012-12-01/GetWorkgroup)
  + [PutRolePolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/PutRolePolicy)
  + [UpdateNamespace](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/redshift-2012-12-01/UpdateNamespace)

### Getting started with Amazon Redshift provisioned clusters
<a name="redshift_GettingStarted_039_bash_2_topic"></a>

The following code example shows how to:
+ Create a Redshift cluster
+ Create an IAM role for S3 access
+ Create tables and load data
+ Run example queries
+ Clean up resources

**AWS CLI with Bash script**  
 There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the [Sample developer tutorials](https://github.com/aws-samples/sample-developer-tutorials/tree/main/tuts/039-redshift-provisioned) repository. 

```
#!/bin/bash

# Amazon Redshift Provisioned Cluster Tutorial Script
# This script creates a Redshift cluster, loads sample data, runs queries, and cleans up resources
# Version 3: Fixed IAM role usage in COPY commands

# Set up logging
LOG_FILE="redshift_tutorial.log"
exec > >(tee -a "$LOG_FILE") 2>&1

echo "Starting Amazon Redshift tutorial script at $(date)"
echo "All commands and outputs will be logged to $LOG_FILE"

# Function to handle errors
handle_error() {
    echo "ERROR: $1"
    echo "Resources created so far:"
    if [ -n "$CLUSTER_ID" ]; then echo "- Redshift Cluster: $CLUSTER_ID"; fi
    if [ -n "$ROLE_NAME" ]; then echo "- IAM Role: $ROLE_NAME"; fi
    
    echo "Attempting to clean up resources..."
    cleanup_resources
    exit 1
}

# Function to clean up resources
cleanup_resources() {
    echo "Cleaning up resources..."
    
    # Delete the cluster if it exists
    if [ -n "$CLUSTER_ID" ]; then
        echo "Deleting Redshift cluster: $CLUSTER_ID"
        aws redshift delete-cluster --cluster-identifier "$CLUSTER_ID" --skip-final-cluster-snapshot
        echo "Waiting for cluster deletion to complete..."
        aws redshift wait cluster-deleted --cluster-identifier "$CLUSTER_ID"
        echo "Cluster deleted successfully."
    fi
    
    # Delete the IAM role if it exists
    if [ -n "$ROLE_NAME" ]; then
        echo "Removing IAM role policy..."
        aws iam delete-role-policy --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" --policy-name RedshiftS3Access || echo "Failed to delete role policy"
        
        echo "Deleting IAM role: $ROLE_NAME"
        aws iam delete-role --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" || echo "Failed to delete role"
    fi
    
    echo "Cleanup completed."
}

# Function to wait for SQL statement to complete
wait_for_statement() {
    local statement_id=$1
    local max_attempts=30
    local attempt=1
    local status=""
    
    echo "Waiting for statement $statement_id to complete..."
    
    while [ $attempt -le $max_attempts ]; do
        status=$(aws redshift-data describe-statement --id "$statement_id" --query 'Status' --output text)
        
        if [ "$status" == "FINISHED" ]; then
            echo "Statement completed successfully."
            return 0
        elif [ "$status" == "FAILED" ]; then
            local error=$(aws redshift-data describe-statement --id "$statement_id" --query 'Error' --output text)
            echo "Statement failed with error: $error"
            return 1
        elif [ "$status" == "ABORTED" ]; then
            echo "Statement was aborted."
            return 1
        fi
        
        echo "Statement status: $status. Waiting... (Attempt $attempt/$max_attempts)"
        sleep 10
        ((attempt++))
    done
    
    echo "Timed out waiting for statement to complete."
    return 1
}

# Function to check if IAM role is attached to cluster
check_role_attached() {
    local role_arn=$1
    local max_attempts=10
    local attempt=1
    
    echo "Checking if IAM role is attached to the cluster..."
    
    while [ $attempt -le $max_attempts ]; do
        local status=$(aws redshift describe-clusters \
            --cluster-identifier "$CLUSTER_ID" \
            --query "Clusters[0].IamRoles[?IamRoleArn=='$role_arn'].ApplyStatus" \
            --output text)
        
        if [ "$status" == "in-sync" ]; then
            echo "IAM role is successfully attached to the cluster."
            return 0
        fi
        
        echo "IAM role status: $status. Waiting... (Attempt $attempt/$max_attempts)"
        sleep 30
        ((attempt++))
    done
    
    echo "Timed out waiting for IAM role to be attached."
    return 1
}

# Variables to track created resources
CLUSTER_ID="examplecluster"
ROLE_NAME="RedshiftS3Role-$(date +%s)"
DB_NAME="dev"
DB_USER="awsuser"
DB_PASSWORD="Changeit1"  # In production, use AWS Secrets Manager to generate and store passwords

echo "=== Step 1: Creating Amazon Redshift Cluster ==="

# Create the Redshift cluster
echo "Creating Redshift cluster: $CLUSTER_ID"
CLUSTER_RESULT=$(aws redshift create-cluster \
  --cluster-identifier "$CLUSTER_ID" \
  --node-type ra3.4xlarge \
  --number-of-nodes 2 \
  --master-username "$DB_USER" \
  --master-user-password "$DB_PASSWORD" \
  --db-name "$DB_NAME" \
  --port 5439 2>&1)

# Check for errors
if echo "$CLUSTER_RESULT" | grep -i "error"; then
    handle_error "Failed to create Redshift cluster: $CLUSTER_RESULT"
fi

echo "$CLUSTER_RESULT"
echo "Waiting for cluster to become available..."

# Wait for the cluster to be available
aws redshift wait cluster-available --cluster-identifier "$CLUSTER_ID" || handle_error "Timeout waiting for cluster to become available"

# Get cluster status to confirm
CLUSTER_STATUS=$(aws redshift describe-clusters \
  --cluster-identifier "$CLUSTER_ID" \
  --query 'Clusters[0].ClusterStatus' \
  --output text)

echo "Cluster status: $CLUSTER_STATUS"

echo "=== Step 2: Creating IAM Role for S3 Access ==="

# Create trust policy file
echo "Creating trust policy for Redshift"
cat > redshift-trust-policy.json << EOF
{
  "Version":"2012-10-17",		 	 	 
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "Service": "redshift.amazonaws.com"
      },
      "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# Create IAM role
echo "Creating IAM role: $ROLE_NAME"
ROLE_RESULT=$(aws iam create-role \
  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
  --assume-role-policy-document file://redshift-trust-policy.json 2>&1)

# Check for errors
if echo "$ROLE_RESULT" | grep -i "error"; then
    handle_error "Failed to create IAM role: $ROLE_RESULT"
fi

echo "$ROLE_RESULT"

# Get the role ARN
ROLE_ARN=$(aws iam get-role --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" --query 'Role.Arn' --output text)
echo "Role ARN: $ROLE_ARN"

# Create policy document for S3 access
echo "Creating S3 access policy"
cat > redshift-s3-policy.json << EOF
{
  "Version":"2012-10-17",		 	 	 
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject",
        "s3:ListBucket"
      ],
      "Resource": [
        "arn:aws:s3:::redshift-downloads",
        "arn:aws:s3:::redshift-downloads/*"
      ]
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# Attach policy to role
echo "Attaching S3 access policy to role"
POLICY_RESULT=$(aws iam put-role-policy \
  --role-name "$ROLE_NAME" \
  --policy-name RedshiftS3Access \
  --policy-document file://redshift-s3-policy.json 2>&1)

# Check for errors
if echo "$POLICY_RESULT" | grep -i "error"; then
    handle_error "Failed to attach policy to role: $POLICY_RESULT"
fi

echo "$POLICY_RESULT"

# Attach role to cluster
echo "Attaching IAM role to Redshift cluster"
ATTACH_ROLE_RESULT=$(aws redshift modify-cluster-iam-roles \
  --cluster-identifier "$CLUSTER_ID" \
  --add-iam-roles "$ROLE_ARN" 2>&1)

# Check for errors
if echo "$ATTACH_ROLE_RESULT" | grep -i "error"; then
    handle_error "Failed to attach role to cluster: $ATTACH_ROLE_RESULT"
fi

echo "$ATTACH_ROLE_RESULT"

# Wait for the role to be attached
echo "Waiting for IAM role to be attached to the cluster..."
if ! check_role_attached "$ROLE_ARN"; then
    handle_error "Failed to attach IAM role to cluster"
fi

echo "=== Step 3: Getting Cluster Connection Information ==="

# Get cluster endpoint
CLUSTER_INFO=$(aws redshift describe-clusters \
  --cluster-identifier "$CLUSTER_ID" \
  --query 'Clusters[0].Endpoint.{Address:Address,Port:Port}' \
  --output json)

echo "Cluster endpoint information:"
echo "$CLUSTER_INFO"

echo "=== Step 4: Creating Tables and Loading Data ==="

echo "Creating sales table"
SALES_TABLE_ID=$(aws redshift-data execute-statement \
  --cluster-identifier "$CLUSTER_ID" \
  --database "$DB_NAME" \
  --db-user "$DB_USER" \
  --sql "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS sales; CREATE TABLE sales(salesid integer not null, listid integer not null distkey, sellerid integer not null, buyerid integer not null, eventid integer not null, dateid smallint not null sortkey, qtysold smallint not null, pricepaid decimal(8,2), commission decimal(8,2), saletime timestamp);" \
  --query 'Id' --output text)

echo "Sales table creation statement ID: $SALES_TABLE_ID"

# Wait for statement to complete
if ! wait_for_statement "$SALES_TABLE_ID"; then
    handle_error "Failed to create sales table"
fi

echo "Creating date table"
DATE_TABLE_ID=$(aws redshift-data execute-statement \
  --cluster-identifier "$CLUSTER_ID" \
  --database "$DB_NAME" \
  --db-user "$DB_USER" \
  --sql "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS date; CREATE TABLE date(dateid smallint not null distkey sortkey, caldate date not null, day character(3) not null, week smallint not null, month character(5) not null, qtr character(5) not null, year smallint not null, holiday boolean default('N'));" \
  --query 'Id' --output text)

echo "Date table creation statement ID: $DATE_TABLE_ID"

# Wait for statement to complete
if ! wait_for_statement "$DATE_TABLE_ID"; then
    handle_error "Failed to create date table"
fi

echo "Loading data into sales table"
SALES_LOAD_ID=$(aws redshift-data execute-statement \
  --cluster-identifier "$CLUSTER_ID" \
  --database "$DB_NAME" \
  --db-user "$DB_USER" \
  --sql "COPY sales FROM 's3://redshift-downloads/tickit/sales_tab.txt' DELIMITER '\t' TIMEFORMAT 'MM/DD/YYYY HH:MI:SS' REGION 'us-east-1' IAM_ROLE '$ROLE_ARN';" \
  --query 'Id' --output text)

echo "Sales data load statement ID: $SALES_LOAD_ID"

# Wait for statement to complete
if ! wait_for_statement "$SALES_LOAD_ID"; then
    handle_error "Failed to load data into sales table"
fi

echo "Loading data into date table"
DATE_LOAD_ID=$(aws redshift-data execute-statement \
  --cluster-identifier "$CLUSTER_ID" \
  --database "$DB_NAME" \
  --db-user "$DB_USER" \
  --sql "COPY date FROM 's3://redshift-downloads/tickit/date2008_pipe.txt' DELIMITER '|' REGION 'us-east-1' IAM_ROLE '$ROLE_ARN';" \
  --query 'Id' --output text)

echo "Date data load statement ID: $DATE_LOAD_ID"

# Wait for statement to complete
if ! wait_for_statement "$DATE_LOAD_ID"; then
    handle_error "Failed to load data into date table"
fi

echo "=== Step 5: Running Example Queries ==="

echo "Running query: Get definition for the sales table"
QUERY1_ID=$(aws redshift-data execute-statement \
  --cluster-identifier "$CLUSTER_ID" \
  --database "$DB_NAME" \
  --db-user "$DB_USER" \
  --sql "SELECT * FROM pg_table_def WHERE tablename = 'sales';" \
  --query 'Id' --output text)

echo "Query 1 statement ID: $QUERY1_ID"

# Wait for statement to complete
if ! wait_for_statement "$QUERY1_ID"; then
    handle_error "Query 1 failed"
fi

# Get and display results
echo "Query 1 results (first 10 rows):"
aws redshift-data get-statement-result --id "$QUERY1_ID" --max-items 10

echo "Running query: Find total sales on a given calendar date"
QUERY2_ID=$(aws redshift-data execute-statement \
  --cluster-identifier "$CLUSTER_ID" \
  --database "$DB_NAME" \
  --db-user "$DB_USER" \
  --sql "SELECT sum(qtysold) FROM sales, date WHERE sales.dateid = date.dateid AND caldate = '2008-01-05';" \
  --query 'Id' --output text)

echo "Query 2 statement ID: $QUERY2_ID"

# Wait for statement to complete
if ! wait_for_statement "$QUERY2_ID"; then
    handle_error "Query 2 failed"
fi

# Get and display results
echo "Query 2 results:"
aws redshift-data get-statement-result --id "$QUERY2_ID"

echo "=== Tutorial Complete ==="
echo "The following resources were created:"
echo "- Redshift Cluster: $CLUSTER_ID"
echo "- IAM Role: $ROLE_NAME"

echo ""
echo "==========================================="
echo "CLEANUP CONFIRMATION"
echo "==========================================="
echo "Do you want to clean up all created resources? (y/n): "
read -r CLEANUP_CHOICE

if [[ "$CLEANUP_CHOICE" =~ ^[Yy] ]]; then
    cleanup_resources
    echo "All resources have been cleaned up."
else
    echo "Resources were not cleaned up. You can manually delete them later."
    echo "To avoid incurring charges, remember to delete the following resources:"
    echo "- Redshift Cluster: $CLUSTER_ID"
    echo "- IAM Role: $ROLE_NAME"
fi

echo "Script completed at $(date)"
```
+ For API details, see the following topics in *AWS CLI Command Reference*.
  + [CreateCluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/redshift-2012-12-01/CreateCluster)
  + [CreateRole](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/CreateRole)
  + [DeleteCluster](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/redshift-2012-12-01/DeleteCluster)
  + [DeleteRole](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/DeleteRole)
  + [DeleteRolePolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/DeleteRolePolicy)
  + [DescribeClusters](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/redshift-2012-12-01/DescribeClusters)
  + [GetRole](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/GetRole)
  + [ModifyClusterIamRoles](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/redshift-2012-12-01/ModifyClusterIamRoles)
  + [PutRolePolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/iam-2010-05-08/PutRolePolicy)
  + [Wait](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/redshift-2012-12-01/Wait)