There are more AWS SDK examples available in the [AWS Doc SDK Examples](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples) GitHub repo.

# Creating your first CloudFormation stack
<a name="cloudformation_example_cloudformation_GettingStarted_021_section"></a>

The following code example shows how to:
+ Create a CloudFormation template
+ Test the web server
+ Clean up resources

------
#### [ Bash ]

**AWS CLI with Bash script**  
 There's more on GitHub. Find the complete example and learn how to set up and run in the [Sample developer tutorials](https://github.com/aws-samples/sample-developer-tutorials/tree/main/tuts/021-cloudformation-gs) repository. 

```
#!/bin/bash

# CloudFormation Getting Started Script
# This script creates a CloudFormation stack with a web server and security group,
# monitors the stack creation, and provides cleanup options.

# Set up logging
LOG_FILE="cloudformation-tutorial.log"
exec > >(tee -a "$LOG_FILE") 2>&1

echo "==================================================="
echo "AWS CloudFormation Getting Started Tutorial"
echo "==================================================="
echo "This script will create a CloudFormation stack with:"
echo "- An EC2 instance running a simple web server"
echo "- A security group allowing HTTP access from your IP"
echo ""
echo "Starting at: $(date)"
echo ""

# Function to clean up resources
cleanup() {
    echo ""
    echo "==================================================="
    echo "CLEANING UP RESOURCES"
    echo "==================================================="
    
    if [ -n "$STACK_NAME" ]; then
        echo "Deleting CloudFormation stack: $STACK_NAME"
        aws cloudformation delete-stack --stack-name "$STACK_NAME"
        
        echo "Waiting for stack deletion to complete..."
        aws cloudformation wait stack-delete-complete --stack-name "$STACK_NAME"
        
        echo "Stack deletion complete."
    fi
    
    if [ -f "$TEMPLATE_FILE" ]; then
        echo "Removing local template file: $TEMPLATE_FILE"
        rm -f "$TEMPLATE_FILE"
    fi
    
    echo "Cleanup completed at: $(date)"
}

# Function to handle errors
handle_error() {
    echo ""
    echo "==================================================="
    echo "ERROR: $1"
    echo "==================================================="
    echo "Resources created before error:"
    if [ -n "$STACK_NAME" ]; then
        echo "- CloudFormation stack: $STACK_NAME"
    fi
    echo ""
    
    echo "Would you like to clean up these resources? (y/n): "
    read -r CLEANUP_CHOICE
    
    if [[ "$CLEANUP_CHOICE" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
        cleanup
    else
        echo "Resources were not cleaned up. You may need to delete them manually."
    fi
    
    exit 1
}

# Set up trap for script interruption
trap 'handle_error "Script interrupted"' INT TERM

# Generate a unique stack name
STACK_NAME="MyTestStack"
TEMPLATE_FILE="webserver-template.yaml"

# Step 1: Create the CloudFormation template file
echo "Creating CloudFormation template file: $TEMPLATE_FILE"
cat > "$TEMPLATE_FILE" << 'EOF'
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09
Description: CloudFormation Template for WebServer with Security Group and EC2 Instance

Parameters:
  LatestAmiId:
    Description: The latest Amazon Linux 2 AMI from the Parameter Store
    Type: 'AWS::SSM::Parameter::Value<AWS::EC2::Image::Id>'
    Default: '/aws/service/ami-amazon-linux-latest/amzn2-ami-hvm-x86_64-gp2'

  InstanceType:
    Description: WebServer EC2 instance type
    Type: String
    Default: t2.micro
    AllowedValues:
      - t3.micro
      - t2.micro
    ConstraintDescription: must be a valid EC2 instance type.
    
  MyIP:
    Description: Your IP address in CIDR format (e.g. 203.0.113.1/32).
    Type: String
    MinLength: '9'
    MaxLength: '18'
    Default: 0.0.0.0/0
    AllowedPattern: '^(\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}/\d{1,2}$'
    ConstraintDescription: must be a valid IP CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/x.

Resources:
  WebServerSecurityGroup:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      GroupDescription: Allow HTTP access via my IP address
      SecurityGroupIngress:
        - IpProtocol: tcp
          FromPort: 80
          ToPort: 80
          CidrIp: !Ref MyIP

  WebServer:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
    Properties:
      ImageId: !Ref LatestAmiId
      InstanceType: !Ref InstanceType
      SecurityGroupIds:
        - !Ref WebServerSecurityGroup
      UserData: !Base64 |
        #!/bin/bash
        yum update -y
        yum install -y httpd
        systemctl start httpd
        systemctl enable httpd
        echo "<html><body><h1>Hello World!</h1></body></html>" > /var/www/html/index.html

Outputs:
  WebsiteURL:
    Value: !Join
      - ''
      - - http://
        - !GetAtt WebServer.PublicDnsName
    Description: Website URL
EOF

if [ ! -f "$TEMPLATE_FILE" ]; then
    handle_error "Failed to create template file"
fi

# Step 2: Validate the template
echo ""
echo "Validating CloudFormation template..."
VALIDATION_RESULT=$(aws cloudformation validate-template --template-body "file://$TEMPLATE_FILE" 2>&1)
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    handle_error "Template validation failed: $VALIDATION_RESULT"
fi
echo "Template validation successful."

# Step 3: Get the user's public IP address
echo ""
echo "Retrieving your public IP address..."
MY_IP=$(curl -s https://checkip.amazonaws.com)
if [ -z "$MY_IP" ]; then
    handle_error "Failed to retrieve public IP address"
fi
MY_IP="${MY_IP}/32"
echo "Your public IP address: $MY_IP"

# Step 4: Create the CloudFormation stack
echo ""
echo "Creating CloudFormation stack: $STACK_NAME"
echo "This will create an EC2 instance and security group."
CREATE_RESULT=$(aws cloudformation create-stack \
  --stack-name "$STACK_NAME" \
  --template-body "file://$TEMPLATE_FILE" \
  --parameters \
    ParameterKey=InstanceType,ParameterValue=t2.micro \
    ParameterKey=MyIP,ParameterValue="$MY_IP" \
  --output text 2>&1)

if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    handle_error "Stack creation failed: $CREATE_RESULT"
fi

STACK_ID=$(echo "$CREATE_RESULT" | tr -d '\r\n')
echo "Stack creation initiated. Stack ID: $STACK_ID"

# Step 5: Monitor stack creation
echo ""
echo "Monitoring stack creation..."
echo "This may take a few minutes."

# Wait for stack creation to complete
aws cloudformation wait stack-create-complete --stack-name "$STACK_NAME"
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    # Check if the stack exists and get its status
    STACK_STATUS=$(aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name "$STACK_NAME" --query "Stacks[0].StackStatus" --output text 2>/dev/null)
    if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ "$STACK_STATUS" == "ROLLBACK_COMPLETE" ] || [ "$STACK_STATUS" == "ROLLBACK_IN_PROGRESS" ]; then
        handle_error "Stack creation failed. Status: $STACK_STATUS"
    fi
fi

echo "Stack creation completed successfully."

# Step 6: List stack resources
echo ""
echo "Resources created by the stack:"
aws cloudformation list-stack-resources --stack-name "$STACK_NAME" --query "StackResourceSummaries[*].{LogicalID:LogicalResourceId, Type:ResourceType, Status:ResourceStatus}" --output table

# Step 7: Get stack outputs
echo ""
echo "Stack outputs:"
OUTPUTS=$(aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name "$STACK_NAME" --query "Stacks[0].Outputs" --output json)
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    handle_error "Failed to retrieve stack outputs"
fi

# Extract the WebsiteURL
WEBSITE_URL=$(aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name "$STACK_NAME" --query "Stacks[0].Outputs[?OutputKey=='WebsiteURL'].OutputValue" --output text)
if [ -z "$WEBSITE_URL" ]; then
    handle_error "Failed to extract WebsiteURL from stack outputs"
fi

echo "WebsiteURL: $WEBSITE_URL"
echo ""
echo "You can access the web server by opening the above URL in your browser."
echo "You should see a simple 'Hello World!' message."

# Step 8: Test the connection via CLI
echo ""
echo "Testing connection to the web server..."
HTTP_RESPONSE=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "$WEBSITE_URL")
if [ "$HTTP_RESPONSE" == "200" ]; then
    echo "Connection successful! HTTP status code: $HTTP_RESPONSE"
else
    echo "Warning: Connection test returned HTTP status code: $HTTP_RESPONSE"
    echo "The web server might not be ready yet or there might be connectivity issues."
fi

# Step 9: Prompt for cleanup
echo ""
echo "==================================================="
echo "CLEANUP CONFIRMATION"
echo "==================================================="
echo "Resources created:"
echo "- CloudFormation stack: $STACK_NAME"
echo "  - EC2 instance"
echo "  - Security group"
echo ""
echo "Do you want to clean up all created resources? (y/n): "
read -r CLEANUP_CHOICE

if [[ "$CLEANUP_CHOICE" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
    cleanup
else
    echo ""
    echo "Resources were not cleaned up. You can delete them later with:"
    echo "aws cloudformation delete-stack --stack-name $STACK_NAME"
    echo ""
    echo "Note: You may be charged for AWS resources as long as they exist."
fi

echo ""
echo "==================================================="
echo "Tutorial completed at: $(date)"
echo "Log file: $LOG_FILE"
echo "==================================================="
```
+ For API details, see the following topics in *AWS CLI Command Reference*.
  + [CreateStack](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/cloudformation-2010-05-15/CreateStack)
  + [DeleteStack](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/cloudformation-2010-05-15/DeleteStack)
  + [DescribeStacks](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/cloudformation-2010-05-15/DescribeStacks)
  + [ListStackResources](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/cloudformation-2010-05-15/ListStackResources)
  + [ValidateTemplate](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/cloudformation-2010-05-15/ValidateTemplate)
  + [Wait](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/aws-cli/cloudformation-2010-05-15/Wait)

------