기계 번역으로 제공되는 번역입니다. 제공된 번역과 원본 영어의 내용이 상충하는 경우에는 영어 버전이 우선합니다.
Amazon DocumentDB의 트랜잭션
Amazon DocumentDB(MongoDB 호환)은 이제 트랜잭션을 포함한 MongoDB 4.0 호환성을 지원합니다. 여러 문서, 문, 컬렉션 및 데이터베이스에서 트랜잭션을 수행할 수 있습니다. 트랜잭션은 Amazon DocumentDB 클러스터 내의 하나 이상의 문서에서 원자적이고 일관적이며 격리되고 내구성이 뛰어난(ACID) 작업을 수행할 수 있도록 하여 애플리케이션 개발을 단순화합니다. 트랜잭션의 일반적인 사용 사례로는 재무 처리, 주문 이행 및 관리, 멀티플레이어 게임 구축 등이 있습니다.
트랜잭션을 활성화하는 데 추가 비용이 들지 않습니다. 트랜잭션의 일부로 사용한 읽기 및 쓰기 IO에 대한 비용만 지불하면 됩니다.
요구 사항
트랜잭션을 사용하려면 다음과 같은 요구 사항을 충족해야 합니다.
모범 사례
다음은 Amazon DocumentDB를 통한 트랜잭션을 최대한 활용할 수 있는 몇 가지 모범 사례입니다.
-
트랜잭션이 완료된 후에는 항상 트랜잭션을 커밋하거나 중단하십시오. 트랜잭션을 불완전한 상태로 두면 데이터베이스 리소스가 묶이고 쓰기 충돌이 발생할 수 있습니다.
-
필요한 명령 수를 최소한으로 줄여 트랜잭션을 유지하는 것이 좋습니다. 여러 개의 작은 트랜잭션으로 나눌 수 있는 여러 개의 명령문이 포함된 트랜잭션이 있는 경우, 시간 초과가 발생할 가능성을 줄이기 위해 여러 개의 작은 트랜잭션으로 나누는 것이 좋습니다. 항상 오래 실행되는 읽기가 아닌 짧은 트랜잭션을 생성하는 것을 목표로 하십시오.
제한 사항
-
Amazon DocumentDB는 트랜잭션 내에서 커서를 지원하지 않습니다.
-
Amazon DocumentDB는 트랜잭션에서 새 컬렉션을 생성할 수 없으며 존재하지 않는 컬렉션에 대해 쿼리/업데이트할 수 없습니다.
-
문서 수준 쓰기 잠금에는 사용자가 구성할 수 없는 1분의 제한 시간이 적용됩니다.
-
Amazon DocumentDB에서는 재시도 가능한 쓰기, 재시도 가능한 커밋 및 재시도 가능한 중단 명령이 지원되지 않습니다. mongo 쉘(mongosh 제외)을 사용하는 경우 코드 문자열에 retryWrites=false 명령을 포함시키지 마십시오. 기본적으로 재시도 가능한 쓰기는 비활성화되어 있습니다. retryWrites=false를 포함하면 일반 읽기 명령에서 오류가 발생할 수 있습니다.
-
각 Amazon DocumentDB 인스턴스에는 인스턴스에서 동시에 열리는 동시 트랜잭션 수에 대한 상한 제한이 있습니다. 제한에 대한 내용은 인스턴스 제한을 참조하십시오.
-
특정 트랜잭션의 트랜잭션 로그 크기는 32MB 미만이어야 합니다.
-
Amazon DocumentDB는 트랜잭션 내에서 count()을 지원하지만 모든 드라이버가 이 기능을 지원하는 것은 아닙니다. 대안은 개수 쿼리를 클라이언트 측의 집계 쿼리로 변환하는 countDocuments() API를 사용하는 것입니다.
-
트랜잭션의 실행 제한은 1분이고 세션의 제한 시간은 30분입니다. 트랜잭션 제한 시간이 초과되면 트랜잭션은 중단되며 기존 트랜잭션에 대해 세션 내에서 후속 명령을 실행하면 다음 오류가 발생합니다.
WriteCommandError({
"ok" : 0,
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1603491424, 627726),
"code" : 251,
"errmsg" : "Given transaction number 0 does not match any in-progress transactions."
}
모니터링 및 진단
Amazon DocumentDB 4.0의 트랜잭션 지원과 함께, 트랜잭션을 모니터링하는 데 도움이 되는 추가 CloudWatch 지표가 추가되었습니다.
새로운 CloudWatch 지표
-
DatabaseTransactions: 1분 동안 수행된 열린 트랜잭션 수입니다.
-
DatabaseTransactionsAborted: 1분 동안 수행된 중단된 트랜잭션 수입니다.
-
DatabaseTransactionsMax: 1분 동안 수행된 열린 최대 트랜잭션 수입니다.
-
TransactionsAborted: 1분 동안 인스턴스에 수행된 중단된 트랜잭션 수입니다.
-
TransactionsCommitted: 1분 동안 인스턴스에 수행된 커밋된 트랜잭션 수입니다.
-
TransactionsOpen: 1분 동안 인스턴스에 수행된 열린 트랜잭션 수입니다.
-
TransactionsOpenMax: 1분 동안 인스턴스에 수행된 열린 최대 트랜잭션 수입니다.
-
TransactionsStarted: 1분 동안 인스턴스에 수행된 시작된 트랜잭션 수입니다.
또한 두 가지 currentOp lsid, transactionThreadId 모두에 새 필드가 추가되었고 , “idle transaction” 및 serverStatus 트랜잭션에 대한 새 상태: currentActive, currentInactive, currentOpen, totalAborted, totalCommitted 및 totalStarted가 추가되었습니다.
트랜잭션 격리 수준
트랜잭션을 시작할 때 아래 예와 같이 readConcern과 writeConcern를 모두 지정할 수 있습니다.
mySession.startTransaction({readConcern: {level: 'snapshot'}, writeConcern: {w: 'majority'}});
readConcern의 경우, Amazon DocumentDB는 기본적으로 스냅샷 격리를 지원합니다. 로컬, 사용 가능 또는 과반수의 readConcern이 지정된 경우 Amazon DocumentDB는 readConcern 레벨을 스냅샷으로 업그레이드합니다. Amazon DocumentDB는 선형화 가능한 readConcern을 지원하지 않으므로 이러한 읽기 문제를 지정하면 오류가 발생합니다.
writeConcern의 경우, Amazon DocumentDB는 기본적으로 과반수를 지원하며 데이터 사본 4개가 AZ에 걸쳐 유지되면 쓰기 쿼럼이 달성됩니다. 더 낮은 writeConcern을 지정하면 Amazon DocumentDB가 writeConcern를 과반수로 업그레이드합니다. 또한 모든 Amazon DocumentDB 쓰기는 저널링되며 저널링을 비활성화할 수 없습니다.
사용 사례
이 섹션에서는 다중 문과 다중 컬렉션이라는 두 가지 트랜잭션 사용 사례를 살펴보겠습니다.
다중 문 트랜잭션
Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션은 다중 문이므로 명시적인 커밋 또는 롤백을 통해 여러 문에 걸친 트랜잭션을 작성할 수 있습니다. insert, update, delete 및 findAndModify 작업을 단일 원자 연산으로 그룹화할 수 있습니다.
다중 문 트랜잭션의 일반적인 사용 사례는 직불 크레딧 트랜잭션입니다. 예를 들어, 친구에게 옷을 산 돈을 빚지고 있습니다. 따라서 귀하의 계좌에서 500달러를 인출(출금)하고 친구의 계좌에 500달러를 입금(예치금)해야 합니다. 이 작업을 수행하려면 단일 트랜잭션 내에서 부채 및 입금 작업을 모두 수행하여 원자성을 확보해야 합니다. 이렇게 하면 사용자 계정에서 500달러가 차감되지만 친구의 계좌에는 입금되지 않는 상황을 방지할 수 있습니다. 이 사용 사례는 다음과 같습니다.
// *** Transfer $500 from Alice to Bob inside a transaction: Success Scenario***
// Setup bank account for Alice and Bob. Each have $1000 in their account
var databaseName = "bank";
var collectionName = "account";
var amountToTransfer = 500;
var session = db.getMongo().startSession({causalConsistency: false});
var bankDB = session.getDatabase(databaseName);
var accountColl = bankDB[collectionName];
accountColl.drop();
accountColl.insert({name: "Alice", balance: 1000});
accountColl.insert({name: "Bob", balance: 1000});
session.startTransaction();
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
var aliceBalance = accountColl.find({"name": "Alice"}).next().balance;
var newAliceBalance = aliceBalance - amountToTransfer;
accountColl.update({"name": "Alice"},{"$set": {"balance": newAliceBalance}});
var findAliceBalance = accountColl.find({"name": "Alice"}).next().balance;
// add $500 to Bob's account
var bobBalance = accountColl.find({"name": "Bob"}).next().balance;
var newBobBalance = bobBalance + amountToTransfer;
accountColl.update({"name": "Bob"},{"$set": {"balance": newBobBalance}});
var findBobBalance = accountColl.find({"name": "Bob"}).next().balance;
session.commitTransaction();
accountColl.find();
// *** Transfer $500 from Alice to Bob inside a transaction: Failure Scenario***
// Setup bank account for Alice and Bob. Each have $1000 in their account
var databaseName = "bank";
var collectionName = "account";
var amountToTransfer = 500;
var session = db.getMongo().startSession({causalConsistency: false});
var bankDB = session.getDatabase(databaseName);
var accountColl = bankDB[collectionName];
accountColl.drop();
accountColl.insert({name: "Alice", balance: 1000});
accountColl.insert({name: "Bob", balance: 1000});
session.startTransaction();
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
var aliceBalance = accountColl.find({"name": "Alice"}).next().balance;
var newAliceBalance = aliceBalance - amountToTransfer;
accountColl.update({"name": "Alice"},{"$set": {"balance": newAliceBalance}});
var findAliceBalance = accountColl.find({"name": "Alice"}).next().balance;
session.abortTransaction();
다중 컬렉션 트랜잭션
또한 당사의 트랜잭션은 다중 컬렉션이므로 단일 트랜잭션 내에서 여러 컬렉션에 걸쳐 여러 작업을 수행하는 데 사용될 수 있습니다. 이를 통해 일관된 데이터 보기를 제공하고 데이터 무결성을 유지할 수 있습니다. 명령을 한 번의 <>로 커밋하면 트랜잭션은 모두 실행되거나 아예 실행되지 않습니다. 즉, 트랜잭션은 모두 성공하거나 모두 실패합니다.
다음은 다중 문 트랜잭션에 예제의 동일한 시나리오와 데이터를 사용하는 다중 컬렉션 트랜잭션의 예입니다.
// *** Transfer $500 from Alice to Bob inside a transaction: Success Scenario***
// Setup bank account for Alice and Bob. Each have $1000 in their account
var amountToTransfer = 500;
var collectionName = "account";
var session = db.getMongo().startSession({causalConsistency: false});
var accountCollInBankA = session.getDatabase("bankA")[collectionName];
var accountCollInBankB = session.getDatabase("bankB")[collectionName];
accountCollInBankA.drop();
accountCollInBankB.drop();
accountCollInBankA.insert({name: "Alice", balance: 1000});
accountCollInBankB.insert({name: "Bob", balance: 1000});
session.startTransaction();
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
var aliceBalance = accountCollInBankA.find({"name": "Alice"}).next().balance;
var newAliceBalance = aliceBalance - amountToTransfer;
accountCollInBankA.update({"name": "Alice"},{"$set": {"balance": newAliceBalance}});
var findAliceBalance = accountCollInBankA.find({"name": "Alice"}).next().balance;
// add $500 to Bob's account
var bobBalance = accountCollInBankB.find({"name": "Bob"}).next().balance;
var newBobBalance = bobBalance + amountToTransfer;
accountCollInBankB.update({"name": "Bob"},{"$set": {"balance": newBobBalance}});
var findBobBalance = accountCollInBankB.find({"name": "Bob"}).next().balance;
session.commitTransaction();
accountCollInBankA.find(); // Alice holds $500 in bankA
accountCollInBankB.find(); // Bob holds $1500 in bankB
// *** Transfer $500 from Alice to Bob inside a transaction: Failure Scenario***
// Setup bank account for Alice and Bob. Each have $1000 in their account
var collectionName = "account";
var amountToTransfer = 500;
var session = db.getMongo().startSession({causalConsistency: false});
var accountCollInBankA = session.getDatabase("bankA")[collectionName];
var accountCollInBankB = session.getDatabase("bankB")[collectionName];
accountCollInBankA.drop();
accountCollInBankB.drop();
accountCollInBankA.insert({name: "Alice", balance: 1000});
accountCollInBankB.insert({name: "Bob", balance: 1000});
session.startTransaction();
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
var aliceBalance = accountCollInBankA.find({"name": "Alice"}).next().balance;
var newAliceBalance = aliceBalance - amountToTransfer;
accountCollInBankA.update({"name": "Alice"},{"$set": {"balance": newAliceBalance}});
var findAliceBalance = accountCollInBankA.find({"name": "Alice"}).next().balance;
// add $500 to Bob's account
var bobBalance = accountCollInBankB.find({"name": "Bob"}).next().balance;
var newBobBalance = bobBalance + amountToTransfer;
accountCollInBankB.update({"name": "Bob"},{"$set": {"balance": newBobBalance}});
var findBobBalance = accountCollInBankB.find({"name": "Bob"}).next().balance;
session.abortTransaction();
accountCollInBankA.find(); // Alice holds $1000 in bankA
accountCollInBankB.find(); // Bob holds $1000 in bankB
콜백 API의 트랜잭션 API 예제
콜백 API는 4.2+ 드라이버에만 사용할 수 있습니다.
- Javascript
-
다음 코드는 Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션 API를 자바스크립트와 함께 활용하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
// *** Transfer $500 from Alice to Bob inside a transaction: Success ***
// Setup bank account for Alice and Bob. Each have $1000 in their account
var databaseName = "bank";
var collectionName = "account";
var amountToTransfer = 500;
var session = db.getMongo().startSession({causalConsistency: false});
var bankDB = session.getDatabase(databaseName);
var accountColl = bankDB[collectionName];
accountColl.drop();
accountColl.insert({name: "Alice", balance: 1000});
accountColl.insert({name: "Bob", balance: 1000});
session.startTransaction();
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
var aliceBalance = accountColl.find({"name": "Alice"}).next().balance;
assert(aliceBalance >= amountToTransfer);
var newAliceBalance = aliceBalance - amountToTransfer;
accountColl.update({"name": "Alice"},{"$set": {"balance": newAliceBalance}});
var findAliceBalance = accountColl.find({"name": "Alice"}).next().balance;
assert.eq(newAliceBalance, findAliceBalance);
// add $500 to Bob's account
var bobBalance = accountColl.find({"name": "Bob"}).next().balance;
var newBobBalance = bobBalance + amountToTransfer;
accountColl.update({"name": "Bob"},{"$set": {"balance": newBobBalance}});
var findBobBalance = accountColl.find({"name": "Bob"}).next().balance;
assert.eq(newBobBalance, findBobBalance);
session.commitTransaction();
accountColl.find();
- Node.js
-
다음 코드는 Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션 API를 Node.js와 함께 활용하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
// Node.js callback API:
const bankDB = await mongoclient.db("bank");
var accountColl = await bankDB.createCollection("account");
var amountToTransfer = 500;
const session = mongoclient.startSession({causalConsistency: false});
await accountColl.drop();
await accountColl.insertOne({name: "Alice", balance: 1000}, { session });
await accountColl.insertOne({name: "Bob", balance: 1000}, { session });
const transactionOptions = {
readConcern: { level: 'snapshot' },
writeConcern: { w: 'majority' }
};
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
var aliceBalance = await accountColl.findOne({name: "Alice"}, {session});
assert(aliceBalance.balance >= amountToTransfer);
var newAliceBalance = aliceBalance - amountToTransfer;
session.startTransaction(transactionOptions);
await accountColl.updateOne({name: "Alice"}, {$set: {balance: newAliceBalance}}, {session });
await session.commitTransaction();
aliceBalance = await accountColl.findOne({name: "Alice"}, {session});
assert(newAliceBalance == aliceBalance.balance);
// add $500 to Bob's account
var bobBalance = await accountColl.findOne({name: "Bob"}, {session});
var newBobBalance = bobBalance.balance + amountToTransfer;
session.startTransaction(transactionOptions);
await accountColl.updateOne({name: "Bob"}, {$set: {balance: newBobBalance}}, {session });
await session.commitTransaction();
bobBalance = await accountColl.findOne({name: "Bob"}, {session});
assert(newBobBalance == bobBalance.balance);
- C#
-
다음 코드는 Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션 API를 C#와 함께 활용하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
// C# Callback API
var dbName = "bank";
var collName = "account";
var amountToTransfer = 500;
using (var session = client.StartSession(new ClientSessionOptions{CausalConsistency = false}))
{
var bankDB = client.GetDatabase(dbName);
var accountColl = bankDB.GetCollection<BsonDocument>(collName);
bankDB.DropCollection(collName);
accountColl.InsertOne(session, new BsonDocument { {"name", "Alice"}, {"balance", 1000 } });
accountColl.InsertOne(session, new BsonDocument { {"name", "Bob"}, {"balance", 1000 } });
// start transaction
var transactionOptions = new TransactionOptions(
readConcern: ReadConcern.Snapshot,
writeConcern: WriteConcern.WMajority);
var result = session.WithTransaction(
(sess, cancellationtoken) =>
{
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
var aliceBalance = accountColl.Find(sess, Builders<BsonDocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Alice")).FirstOrDefault().GetValue("balance");
Debug.Assert(aliceBalance >= amountToTransfer);
var newAliceBalance = aliceBalance.AsInt32 - amountToTransfer;
accountColl.UpdateOne(sess, Builders<BsonDocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Alice"),
Builders<BsonDocument>.Update.Set("balance", newAliceBalance));
aliceBalance = accountColl.Find(sess, Builders<BsonDocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Alice")).FirstOrDefault().GetValue("balance");
Debug.Assert(aliceBalance == newAliceBalance);
// add $500 from Bob's account
var bobBalance = accountColl.Find(sess, Builders<BsonDocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Bob")).FirstOrDefault().GetValue("balance");
var newBobBalance = bobBalance.AsInt32 + amountToTransfer;
accountColl.UpdateOne(sess, Builders<BsonDocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Bob"),
Builders<BsonDocument>.Update.Set("balance", newBobBalance));
bobBalance = accountColl.Find(sess, Builders<BsonDocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Bob")).FirstOrDefault().GetValue("balance");
Debug.Assert(bobBalance == newBobBalance);
return "Transaction committed";
}, transactionOptions);
// check values outside of transaction
var aliceNewBalance = accountColl.Find(Builders<BsonDocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Alice")).FirstOrDefault().GetValue("balance");
var bobNewBalance = accountColl.Find(Builders<BsonDocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Bob")).FirstOrDefault().GetValue("balance");
Debug.Assert(aliceNewBalance == 500);
Debug.Assert(bobNewBalance == 1500);
}
- Ruby
-
다음 코드는 Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션 API를 Ruby와 함께 활용하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
// Ruby Callback API
dbName = "bank"
collName = "account"
amountToTransfer = 500
session = client.start_session(:causal_consistency=> false)
bankDB = Mongo::Database.new(client, dbName)
accountColl = bankDB[collName]
accountColl.drop()
accountColl.insert_one({"name"=>"Alice", "balance"=>1000})
accountColl.insert_one({"name"=>"Bob", "balance"=>1000})
# start transaction
session.with_transaction(read_concern: {level: :snapshot}, write_concern: {w: :majority}) do
# deduct $500 from Alice's account
aliceBalance = accountColl.find({"name"=>"Alice"}, :session=> session).first['balance']
assert aliceBalance >= amountToTransfer
newAliceBalance = aliceBalance - amountToTransfer
accountColl.update_one({"name"=>"Alice"}, { "$set" => {"balance"=>newAliceBalance} }, :session=> session)
aliceBalance = accountColl.find({"name"=>>"Alice"}, :session=> session).first['balance']
assert_equal(newAliceBalance, aliceBalance)
# add $500 from Bob's account
bobBalance = accountColl.find({"name"=>"Bob"}, :session=> session).first['balance']
newBobBalance = bobBalance + amountToTransfer
accountColl.update_one({"name"=>"Bob"}, { "$set" => {"balance"=>newBobBalance} }, :session=> session)
bobBalance = accountColl.find({"name"=>"Bob"}, :session=> session).first['balance']
assert_equal(newBobBalance, bobBalance)
end
# check results outside of transaction
aliceBalance = accountColl.find({"name"=>"Alice"}).first['balance']
bobBalance = accountColl.find({"name"=>"Bob"}).first['balance']
assert_equal(aliceBalance, 500)
assert_equal(bobBalance, 1500)
session.end_session
- Go
-
다음 코드는 Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션 API를 Go와 함께 활용하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
// Go - Callback API
type Account struct {
Name string
Balance int
}
ctx := context.TODO()
dbName := "bank"
collName := "account"
amountToTransfer := 500
session, err := client.StartSession(options.Session().SetCausalConsistency(false))
assert.NilError(t, err)
defer session.EndSession(ctx)
bankDB := client.Database(dbName)
accountColl := bankDB.Collection(collName)
accountColl.Drop(ctx)
_, err = accountColl.InsertOne(ctx, bson.M{"name" : "Alice", "balance":1000})
_, err = accountColl.InsertOne(ctx, bson.M{"name" : "Bob", "balance":1000})
transactionOptions := options.Transaction().SetReadConcern(readconcern.Snapshot()).
SetWriteConcern(writeconcern.New(writeconcern.WMajority()))
_, err = session.WithTransaction(ctx, func(sessionCtx mongo.SessionContext) (interface{}, error) {
var result Account
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
err = accountColl.FindOne(sessionCtx, bson.M{"name": "Alice"}).Decode(&result)
aliceBalance := result.Balance
newAliceBalance := aliceBalance - amountToTransfer
_, err = accountColl.UpdateOne(sessionCtx, bson.M{"name": "Alice"}, bson.M{"$set": bson.M{"balance": newAliceBalance}})
err = accountColl.FindOne(sessionCtx, bson.M{"name": "Alice"}).Decode(&result)
aliceBalance = result.Balance
assert.Equal(t, aliceBalance, newAliceBalance)
// add $500 to Bob's account
err = accountColl.FindOne(sessionCtx, bson.M{"name": "Bob"}).Decode(&result)
bobBalance := result.Balance
newBobBalance := bobBalance + amountToTransfer
_, err = accountColl.UpdateOne(sessionCtx, bson.M{"name": "Bob"}, bson.M{"$set": bson.M{"balance": newBobBalance}})
err = accountColl.FindOne(sessionCtx, bson.M{"name": "Bob"}).Decode(&result)
bobBalance = result.Balance
assert.Equal(t, bobBalance, newBobBalance)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return "transaction committed", err
}, transactionOptions)
// check results outside of transaction
var result Account
err = accountColl.FindOne(ctx, bson.M{"name": "Alice"}).Decode(&result)
aliceNewBalance := result.Balance
err = accountColl.FindOne(ctx, bson.M{"name": "Bob"}).Decode(&result)
bobNewBalance := result.Balance
assert.Equal(t, aliceNewBalance, 500)
assert.Equal(t, bobNewBalance, 1500)
// Go - Core API
type Account struct {
Name string
Balance int
}
func transferMoneyWithRetry(sessionContext mongo.SessionContext, accountColl *mongo.Collection, t *testing.T) error {
amountToTransfer := 500
transactionOptions := options.Transaction().SetReadConcern(readconcern.Snapshot()).
SetWriteConcern(writeconcern.New(writeconcern.WMajority()))
if err := sessionContext.StartTransaction(transactionOptions); err != nil {
panic(err)
}
var result Account
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
err := accountColl.FindOne(sessionContext, bson.M{"name": "Alice"}).Decode(&result)
aliceBalance := result.Balance
newAliceBalance := aliceBalance - amountToTransfer
_, err = accountColl.UpdateOne(sessionContext, bson.M{"name": "Alice"}, bson.M{"$set": bson.M{"balance": newAliceBalance}})
if err != nil {
sessionContext.AbortTransaction(sessionContext)
}
err = accountColl.FindOne(sessionContext, bson.M{"name": "Alice"}).Decode(&result)
aliceBalance = result.Balance
assert.Equal(t, aliceBalance, newAliceBalance)
// add $500 to Bob's account
err = accountColl.FindOne(sessionContext, bson.M{"name": "Bob"}).Decode(&result)
bobBalance := result.Balance
newBobBalance := bobBalance + amountToTransfer
_, err = accountColl.UpdateOne(sessionContext, bson.M{"name": "Bob"}, bson.M{"$set": bson.M{"balance": newBobBalance}})
if err != nil {
sessionContext.AbortTransaction(sessionContext)
}
err = accountColl.FindOne(sessionContext, bson.M{"name": "Bob"}).Decode(&result)
bobBalance = result.Balance
assert.Equal(t, bobBalance, newBobBalance)
err = sessionContext.CommitTransaction(sessionContext)
return err
}
func doTransactionWithRetry(t *testing.T) {
ctx := context.TODO()
dbName := "bank"
collName := "account"
bankDB := client.Database(dbName)
accountColl := bankDB.Collection(collName)
client.UseSessionWithOptions(ctx, options.Session().SetCausalConsistency(false), func(sessionContext mongo.SessionContext) error {
accountColl.Drop(ctx)
accountColl.InsertOne(sessionContext, bson.M{"name" : "Alice", "balance":1000})
accountColl.InsertOne(sessionContext, bson.M{"name" : "Bob", "balance":1000})
for {
err := transferMoneyWithRetry(sessionContext, accountColl, t)
if err == nil {
println("transaction committed")
return nil
}
if mongoErr := err.(mongo.CommandError); mongoErr.HasErrorLabel("TransientTransactionError") {
continue
}
println("transaction failed")
return err
}
})
// check results outside of transaction
var result Account
accountColl.FindOne(ctx, bson.M{"name": "Alice"}).Decode(&esult)
aliceBalance := result.Balance
assert.Equal(t, aliceBalance, 500)
accountColl.FindOne(ctx, bson.M{"name": "Bob"}).Decode(&result)
bobBalance := result.Balance
assert.Equal(t, bobBalance, 1500)
}
- Java
-
다음 코드는 Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션 API를 Java와 함께 활용하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
// Java (sync) - Callback API
MongoDatabase bankDB = mongoClient.getDatabase("bank");
MongoCollection accountColl = bankDB.getCollection("account");
accountColl.drop();
int amountToTransfer = 500;
// add sample data
accountColl.insertOne(new Document("name", "Alice").append("balance", 1000));
accountColl.insertOne(new Document("name", "Bob").append("balance", 1000));
TransactionOptions txnOptions = TransactionOptions.builder()
.readConcern(ReadConcern.SNAPSHOT)
.writeConcern(WriteConcern.MAJORITY)
.build();
ClientSessionOptions sessionOptions = ClientSessionOptions.builder().causallyConsistent(false).build();
try ( ClientSession clientSession = mongoClient.startSession(sessionOptions) ) {
clientSession.withTransaction(new TransactionBody<Void>() {
@Override
public Void execute() {
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
List<Document> documentList = new ArrayList<>();
accountColl.find(clientSession, new Document("name", "Alice")).into(documentList);
int aliceBalance = (int) documentList.get(0).get("balance");
int newAliceBalance = aliceBalance - amountToTransfer;
accountColl.updateOne(clientSession, new Document("name", "Alice"), new Document("$set", new Document("balance", newAliceBalance)));
// check Alice's new balance
documentList = new ArrayList<>();
accountColl.find(clientSession, new Document("name", "Alice")).into(documentList);
int updatedBalance = (int) documentList.get(0).get("balance");
Assert.assertEquals(updatedBalance, newAliceBalance);
// add $500 to Bob's account
documentList = new ArrayList<>();
accountColl.find(clientSession, new Document("name", "Bob")).into(documentList);
int bobBalance = (int) documentList.get(0).get("balance");
int newBobBalance = bobBalance + amountToTransfer;
accountColl.updateOne(clientSession, new Document("name", "Bob"), new Document("$set", new Document("balance", newBobBalance)));
// check Bob's new balance
documentList = new ArrayList<>();
accountColl.find(clientSession, new Document("name", "Bob")).into(documentList);
updatedBalance = (int) documentList.get(0).get("balance");
Assert.assertEquals(updatedBalance, newBobBalance);
return null;
}
}, txnOptions);
}
- C
-
다음 코드는 Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션 API를 C와 함께 활용하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
// Sample Code for C with Callback
#include <bson.h>
#include <mongoc.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
typedef struct {
int64_t balance;
bson_t *account;
bson_t *opts;
mongoc_collection_t *collection;
} ctx_t;
bool callback_session (mongoc_client_session_t *session, void *ctx, bson_t **reply, bson_error_t *error)
{
bool r = true;
ctx_t *data = (ctx_t *) ctx;
bson_t local_reply;
bson_t *selector = data->account;
bson_t *update = BCON_NEW ("$set", "{", "balance", BCON_INT64 (data->balance), "}");
mongoc_collection_update_one (data->collection, selector, update, data->opts, &local_reply, error);
*reply = bson_copy (&local_reply);
bson_destroy (&local_reply);
bson_destroy (update);
return r;
}
void test_callback_money_transfer(mongoc_client_t* client, mongoc_collection_t* collection, int amount_to_transfer){
bson_t reply;
bool r = true;
const bson_t *doc;
bson_iter_t iter;
ctx_t alice_ctx;
ctx_t bob_ctx;
bson_error_t error;
// find query
bson_t *alice_query = bson_new ();
BSON_APPEND_UTF8(alice_query, "name", "Alice");
bson_t *bob_query = bson_new ();
BSON_APPEND_UTF8(bob_query, "name", "Bob");
// create session
// set causal consistency to false
mongoc_session_opt_t *session_opts = mongoc_session_opts_new ();
mongoc_session_opts_set_causal_consistency (session_opts, false);
// start the session
mongoc_client_session_t *client_session = mongoc_client_start_session (client, session_opts, &error);
// add session to options
bson_t *opts = bson_new();
mongoc_client_session_append (client_session, opts, &error);
// deduct 500 from Alice
// find account balance of Alice
mongoc_cursor_t *cursor = mongoc_collection_find_with_opts (collection, alice_query, NULL, NULL);
mongoc_cursor_next (cursor, &doc);
bson_iter_init (&iter, doc);
bson_iter_find (&iter, "balance");
int64_t alice_balance = (bson_iter_value (&iter))->value.v_int64;
assert(alice_balance >= amount_to_transfer);
int64_t new_alice_balance = alice_balance - amount_to_transfer;
// set variables which will be used by callback function
alice_ctx.collection = collection;
alice_ctx.opts = opts;
alice_ctx.balance = new_alice_balance;
alice_ctx.account = alice_query;
// callback
r = mongoc_client_session_with_transaction (client_session, &callback_session, NULL, &alice_ctx, &reply, &error);
assert(r);
// find account balance of Alice after transaction
cursor = mongoc_collection_find_with_opts (collection, alice_query, NULL, NULL);
mongoc_cursor_next (cursor, &doc);
bson_iter_init (&iter, doc);
bson_iter_find (&iter, "balance");
alice_balance = (bson_iter_value (&iter))->value.v_int64;
assert(alice_balance == new_alice_balance);
assert(alice_balance == 500);
// add 500 to bob's balance
// find account balance of Bob
cursor = mongoc_collection_find_with_opts (collection, bob_query, NULL, NULL);
mongoc_cursor_next (cursor, &doc);
bson_iter_init (&iter, doc);
bson_iter_find (&iter, "balance");
int64_t bob_balance = (bson_iter_value (&iter))->value.v_int64;
int64_t new_bob_balance = bob_balance + amount_to_transfer;
bob_ctx.collection = collection;
bob_ctx.opts = opts;
bob_ctx.balance = new_bob_balance;
bob_ctx.account = bob_query;
// set read & write concern
mongoc_read_concern_t *read_concern = mongoc_read_concern_new ();
mongoc_write_concern_t *write_concern = mongoc_write_concern_new ();
mongoc_transaction_opt_t *txn_opts = mongoc_transaction_opts_new ();
mongoc_write_concern_set_w(write_concern, MONGOC_WRITE_CONCERN_W_MAJORITY);
mongoc_read_concern_set_level(read_concern, MONGOC_READ_CONCERN_LEVEL_SNAPSHOT);
mongoc_transaction_opts_set_write_concern (txn_opts, write_concern);
mongoc_transaction_opts_set_read_concern (txn_opts, read_concern);
// callback
r = mongoc_client_session_with_transaction (client_session, &callback_session, txn_opts, &bob_ctx, &reply, &error);
assert(r);
// find account balance of Bob after transaction
cursor = mongoc_collection_find_with_opts (collection, bob_query, NULL, NULL);
mongoc_cursor_next (cursor, &doc);
bson_iter_init (&iter, doc);
bson_iter_find (&iter, "balance");
bob_balance = (bson_iter_value (&iter))->value.v_int64;
assert(bob_balance == new_bob_balance);
assert(bob_balance == 1500);
// cleanup
bson_destroy(alice_query);
bson_destroy(bob_query);
mongoc_client_session_destroy(client_session);
bson_destroy(opts);
mongoc_transaction_opts_destroy(txn_opts);
mongoc_read_concern_destroy(read_concern);
mongoc_write_concern_destroy(write_concern);
mongoc_cursor_destroy(cursor);
bson_destroy(doc);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
mongoc_init ();
mongoc_client_t* client = mongoc_client_new (<connection uri>);
bson_error_t error;
// connect to bank db
mongoc_database_t *database = mongoc_client_get_database (client, "bank");
// access account collection
mongoc_collection_t* collection = mongoc_client_get_collection(client, "bank", "account");
// set amount to transfer
int64_t amount_to_transfer = 500;
// delete the collection if already existing
mongoc_collection_drop(collection, &error);
// open Alice account
bson_t *alice_account = bson_new ();
BSON_APPEND_UTF8(alice_account, "name", "Alice");
BSON_APPEND_INT64(alice_account, "balance", 1000);
// open Bob account
bson_t *bob_account = bson_new ();
BSON_APPEND_UTF8(bob_account, "name", "Bob");
BSON_APPEND_INT64(bob_account, "balance", 1000);
bool r = true;
r = mongoc_collection_insert_one(collection, alice_account, NULL, NULL, &error);
if (!r) {printf("Error encountered:%s", error.message);}
r = mongoc_collection_insert_one(collection, bob_account, NULL, NULL, &error);
if (!r) {printf("Error encountered:%s", error.message);}
test_callback_money_transfer(client, collection, amount_to_transfer);
}
- Python
-
다음 코드는 Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션 API를 Python과 함께 활용하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
// Sample Python code with callback api
import pymongo
def callback(session, balance, query):
collection.update_one(query, {'$set': {"balance": balance}}, session=session)
client = pymongo.MongoClient(<connection uri>)
rc_snapshot = pymongo.read_concern.ReadConcern('snapshot')
wc_majority = pymongo.write_concern.WriteConcern('majority')
# To start, drop and create an account collection and insert balances for both Alice and Bob
collection = client.get_database("bank").get_collection("account")
collection.drop()
collection.insert_one({"_id": 1, "name": "Alice", "balance": 1000})
collection.insert_one({"_id": 2, "name": "Bob", "balance": 1000})
amount_to_transfer = 500
# deduct 500 from Alice's account
alice_balance = collection.find_one({"name": "Alice"}).get("balance")
assert alice_balance >= amount_to_transfer
new_alice_balance = alice_balance - amount_to_transfer
with client.start_session({'causalConsistency':False}) as session:
session.with_transaction(lambda s: callback(s, new_alice_balance, {"name": "Alice"}), read_concern=rc_snapshot, write_concern=wc_majority)
updated_alice_balance = collection.find_one({"name": "Alice"}).get("balance")
assert updated_alice_balance == new_alice_balance
# add 500 to Bob's account
bob_balance = collection.find_one({"name": "Bob"}).get("balance")
assert bob_balance >= amount_to_transfer
new_bob_balance = bob_balance + amount_to_transfer
with client.start_session({'causalConsistency':False}) as session:
session.with_transaction(lambda s: callback(s, new_bob_balance, {"name": "Bob"}), read_concern=rc_snapshot, write_concern=wc_majority)
updated_bob_balance = collection.find_one({"name": "Bob"}).get("balance")
assert updated_bob_balance == new_bob_balance
Sample Python code with Core api
import pymongo
client = pymongo.MongoClient(<connection_string>)
rc_snapshot = pymongo.read_concern.ReadConcern('snapshot')
wc_majority = pymongo.write_concern.WriteConcern('majority')
# To start, drop and create an account collection and insert balances for both Alice and Bob
collection = client.get_database("bank").get_collection("account")
collection.drop()
collection.insert_one({"_id": 1, "name": "Alice", "balance": 1000})
collection.insert_one({"_id": 2, "name": "Bob", "balance": 1000})
amount_to_transfer = 500
# deduct 500 from Alice's account
alice_balance = collection.find_one({"name": "Alice"}).get("balance")
assert alice_balance >= amount_to_transfer
new_alice_balance = alice_balance - amount_to_transfer
with client.start_session({'causalConsistency':False}) as session:
session.start_transaction(read_concern=rc_snapshot, write_concern=wc_majority)
collection.update_one({"name": "Alice"}, {'$set': {"balance": new_alice_balance}}, session=session)
session.commit_transaction()
updated_alice_balance = collection.find_one({"name": "Alice"}).get("balance")
assert updated_alice_balance == new_alice_balance
# add 500 to Bob's account
bob_balance = collection.find_one({"name": "Bob"}).get("balance")
assert bob_balance >= amount_to_transfer
new_bob_balance = bob_balance + amount_to_transfer
with client.start_session({'causalConsistency':False}) as session:
session.start_transaction(read_concern=rc_snapshot, write_concern=wc_majority)
collection.update_one({"name": "Bob"}, {'$set': {"balance": new_bob_balance}}, session=session)
session.commit_transaction()
updated_bob_balance = collection.find_one({"name": "Bob"}).get("balance")
assert updated_bob_balance == new_bob_balance
코어 API의 트랜잭션 API 예제
- Javascript
-
다음 코드는 Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션 API를 자바스크립트와 함께 활용하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
// *** Transfer $500 from Alice to Bob inside a transaction: Success ***
// Setup bank account for Alice and Bob. Each have $1000 in their account
var databaseName = "bank";
var collectionName = "account";
var amountToTransfer = 500;
var session = db.getMongo().startSession({causalConsistency: false});
var bankDB = session.getDatabase(databaseName);
var accountColl = bankDB[collectionName];
accountColl.drop();
accountColl.insert({name: "Alice", balance: 1000});
accountColl.insert({name: "Bob", balance: 1000});
session.startTransaction();
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
var aliceBalance = accountColl.find({"name": "Alice"}).next().balance;
assert(aliceBalance >= amountToTransfer);
var newAliceBalance = aliceBalance - amountToTransfer;
accountColl.update({"name": "Alice"},{"$set": {"balance": newAliceBalance}});
var findAliceBalance = accountColl.find({"name": "Alice"}).next().balance;
assert.eq(newAliceBalance, findAliceBalance);
// add $500 to Bob's account
var bobBalance = accountColl.find({"name": "Bob"}).next().balance;
var newBobBalance = bobBalance + amountToTransfer;
accountColl.update({"name": "Bob"},{"$set": {"balance": newBobBalance}});
var findBobBalance = accountColl.find({"name": "Bob"}).next().balance;
assert.eq(newBobBalance, findBobBalance);
session.commitTransaction();
accountColl.find();
- C#
-
다음 코드는 Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션 API를 C#와 함께 활용하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
// C# Core API
public void TransferMoneyWithRetry(IMongoCollection<bSondocument> accountColl, IClientSessionHandle session)
{
var amountToTransfer = 500;
// start transaction
var transactionOptions = new TransactionOptions(
readConcern: ReadConcern.Snapshot,
writeConcern: WriteConcern.WMajority);
session.StartTransaction(transactionOptions);
try
{
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
var aliceBalance = accountColl.Find(session, Builders<bSondocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Alice")).FirstOrDefault().GetValue("balance");
Debug.Assert(aliceBalance >= amountToTransfer);
var newAliceBalance = aliceBalance.AsInt32 - amountToTransfer;
accountColl.UpdateOne(session, Builders<bSondocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Alice"),
Builders<bSondocument>.Update.Set("balance", newAliceBalance));
aliceBalance = accountColl.Find(session, Builders<bSondocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Alice")).FirstOrDefault().GetValue("balance");
Debug.Assert(aliceBalance == newAliceBalance);
// add $500 from Bob's account
var bobBalance = accountColl.Find(session, Builders<bSondocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Bob")).FirstOrDefault().GetValue("balance");
var newBobBalance = bobBalance.AsInt32 + amountToTransfer;
accountColl.UpdateOne(session, Builders<bSondocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Bob"),
Builders<bSondocument>.Update.Set("balance", newBobBalance));
bobBalance = accountColl.Find(session, Builders<bSondocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Bob")).FirstOrDefault().GetValue("balance");
Debug.Assert(bobBalance == newBobBalance);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
session.AbortTransaction();
throw;
}
session.CommitTransaction();
}
}
public void DoTransactionWithRetry(MongoClient client)
{
var dbName = "bank";
var collName = "account";
using (var session = client.StartSession(new ClientSessionOptions{CausalConsistency = false}))
{
try
{
var bankDB = client.GetDatabase(dbName);
var accountColl = bankDB.GetCollection<bSondocument>(collName);
bankDB.DropCollection(collName);
accountColl.InsertOne(session, new BsonDocument { {"name", "Alice"}, {"balance", 1000 } });
accountColl.InsertOne(session, new BsonDocument { {"name", "Bob"}, {"balance", 1000 } });
while(true) {
try
{
TransferMoneyWithRetry(accountColl, session);
break;
}
catch (MongoException e)
{
if(e.HasErrorLabel("TransientTransactionError"))
{
continue;
}
else
{
throw;
}
}
}
// check values outside of transaction
var aliceNewBalance = accountColl.Find(Builders<bSondocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Alice")).FirstOrDefault().GetValue("balance");
var bobNewBalance = accountColl.Find(Builders<bSondocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Bob")).FirstOrDefault().GetValue("balance");
Debug.Assert(aliceNewBalance == 500);
Debug.Assert(bobNewBalance == 1500);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error running transaction: " + e.Message);
}
}
}
- Ruby
-
다음 코드는 Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션 API를 Ruby와 함께 활용하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
# Ruby Core API
def transfer_money_w_retry(session, accountColl)
amountToTransfer = 500
session.start_transaction(read_concern: {level: :snapshot}, write_concern: {w: :majority})
# deduct $500 from Alice's account
aliceBalance = accountColl.find({"name"=>"Alice"}, :session=> session).first['balance']
assert aliceBalance >= amountToTransfer
newAliceBalance = aliceBalance - amountToTransfer
accountColl.update_one({"name"=>"Alice"}, { "$set" => {"balance"=>newAliceBalance} }, :session=> session)
aliceBalance = accountColl.find({"name"=>"Alice"}, :session=> session).first['balance']
assert_equal(newAliceBalance, aliceBalance)
# add $500 to Bob's account
bobBalance = accountColl.find({"name"=>"Bob"}, :session=> session).first['balance']
newBobBalance = bobBalance + amountToTransfer
accountColl.update_one({"name"=>"Bob"}, { "$set" => {"balance"=>newBobBalance} }, :session=> session)
bobBalance = accountColl.find({"name"=>"Bob"}, :session=> session).first['balance']
assert_equal(newBobBalance, bobBalance)
session.commit_transaction
end
def do_txn_w_retry(client)
dbName = "bank"
collName = "account"
session = client.start_session(:causal_consistency=> false)
bankDB = Mongo::Database.new(client, dbName)
accountColl = bankDB[collName]
accountColl.drop()
accountColl.insert_one({"name"=>"Alice", "balance"=>1000})
accountColl.insert_one({"name"=>"Bob", "balance"=>1000})
begin
transferMoneyWithRetry(session, accountColl)
puts "transaction committed"
rescue Mongo::Error => e
if e.label?('TransientTransactionError')
retry
else
puts "transaction failed"
raise
end
end
# check results outside of transaction
aliceBalance = accountColl.find({"name"=>"Alice"}).first['balance']
bobBalance = accountColl.find({"name"=>"Bob"}).first['balance']
assert_equal(aliceBalance, 500)
assert_equal(bobBalance, 1500)
end
- Java
-
다음 코드는 Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션 API를 Java와 함께 활용하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
// Java (sync) - Core API
public void transferMoneyWithRetry() {
// connect to server
MongoClientURI mongoURI = new MongoClientURI(uri);
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient(mongoURI);
MongoDatabase bankDB = mongoClient.getDatabase("bank");
MongoCollection accountColl = bankDB.getCollection("account");
accountColl.drop();
// insert some sample data
accountColl.insertOne(new Document("name", "Alice").append("balance", 1000));
accountColl.insertOne(new Document("name", "Bob").append("balance", 1000));
while (true) {
try {
doTransferMoneyWithRetry(accountColl, mongoClient);
break;
} catch (MongoException e) {
if (e.hasErrorLabel(MongoException.TRANSIENT_TRANSACTION_ERROR_LABEL)) {
continue;
} else {
throw e;
}
}
}
}
public void doTransferMoneyWithRetry(MongoCollection accountColl, MongoClient mongoClient) {
int amountToTransfer = 500;
TransactionOptions txnOptions = TransactionOptions.builder()
.readConcern(ReadConcern.SNAPSHOT)
.writeConcern(WriteConcern.MAJORITY)
.build();
ClientSessionOptions sessionOptions = ClientSessionOptions.builder().causallyConsistent(false).build();
try ( ClientSession clientSession = mongoClient.startSession(sessionOptions) ) {
clientSession.startTransaction(txnOptions);
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
List<Document> documentList = new ArrayList<>();
accountColl.find(clientSession, new Document("name", "Alice")).into(documentList);
int aliceBalance = (int) documentList.get(0).get("balance");
Assert.assertTrue(aliceBalance >= amountToTransfer);
int newAliceBalance = aliceBalance - amountToTransfer;
accountColl.updateOne(clientSession, new Document("name", "Alice"), new Document("$set", new Document("balance", newAliceBalance)));
// check Alice's new balance
documentList = new ArrayList<>();
accountColl.find(clientSession, new Document("name", "Alice")).into(documentList);
int updatedBalance = (int) documentList.get(0).get("balance");
Assert.assertEquals(updatedBalance, newAliceBalance);
// add $500 to Bob's account
documentList = new ArrayList<>();
accountColl.find(clientSession, new Document("name", "Bob")).into(documentList);
int bobBalance = (int) documentList.get(0).get("balance");
int newBobBalance = bobBalance + amountToTransfer;
accountColl.updateOne(clientSession, new Document("name", "Bob"), new Document("$set", new Document("balance", newBobBalance)));
// check Bob's new balance
documentList = new ArrayList<>();
accountColl.find(clientSession, new Document("name", "Bob")).into(documentList);
updatedBalance = (int) documentList.get(0).get("balance");
Assert.assertEquals(updatedBalance, newBobBalance);
// commit transaction
clientSession.commitTransaction();
}
}
// Java (async) -- Core API
public void transferMoneyWithRetry() {
// connect to the server
MongoClient mongoClient = MongoClients.create(uri);
MongoDatabase bankDB = mongoClient.getDatabase("bank");
MongoCollection accountColl = bankDB.getCollection("account");
SubscriberLatchWrapper<Void> dropCallback = new SubscriberLatchWrapper<>();
mongoClient.getDatabase("bank").drop().subscribe(dropCallback);
dropCallback.await();
// insert some sample data
SubscriberLatchWrapper<InsertOneResult> insertionCallback = new SubscriberLatchWrapper<>();
accountColl.insertOne(new Document("name", "Alice").append("balance", 1000)).subscribe(insertionCallback);
insertionCallback.await();
insertionCallback = new SubscriberLatchWrapper<>();
accountColl.insertOne(new Document("name", "Bob").append("balance", 1000)).subscribe(insertionCallback);;
insertionCallback.await();
while (true) {
try {
doTransferMoneyWithRetry(accountColl, mongoClient);
break;
} catch (MongoException e) {
if (e.hasErrorLabel(MongoException.TRANSIENT_TRANSACTION_ERROR_LABEL)) {
continue;
} else {
throw e;
}
}
}
}
public void doTransferMoneyWithRetry(MongoCollection accountColl, MongoClient mongoClient) {
int amountToTransfer = 500;
// start the transaction
TransactionOptions txnOptions = TransactionOptions.builder()
.readConcern(ReadConcern.SNAPSHOT)
.writeConcern(WriteConcern.MAJORITY)
.build();
ClientSessionOptions sessionOptions = ClientSessionOptions.builder().causallyConsistent(false).build();
SubscriberLatchWrapper<ClientSession> sessionCallback = new SubscriberLatchWrapper<>();
mongoClient.startSession(sessionOptions).subscribe(sessionCallback);
ClientSession session = sessionCallback.get().get(0);
session.startTransaction(txnOptions);
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
SubscriberLatchWrapper<Document> findCallback = new SubscriberLatchWrapper<>();
accountColl.find(session, new Document("name", "Alice")).first().subscribe(findCallback);
Document documentFound = findCallback.get().get(0);
int aliceBalance = (int) documentFound.get("balance");
int newAliceBalance = aliceBalance - amountToTransfer;
SubscriberLatchWrapper<UpdateResult> updateCallback = new SubscriberLatchWrapper<>();
accountColl.updateOne(session, new Document("name", "Alice"), new Document("$set", new Document("balance", newAliceBalance))).subscribe(updateCallback);
updateCallback.await();
// check Alice's new balance
findCallback = new SubscriberLatchWrapper<>();
accountColl.find(session, new Document("name", "Alice")).first().subscribe(findCallback);
documentFound = findCallback.get().get(0);
int updatedBalance = (int) documentFound.get("balance");
Assert.assertEquals(updatedBalance, newAliceBalance);
// add $500 to Bob's account
findCallback = new SubscriberLatchWrapper<>();
accountColl.find(session, new Document("name", "Bob")).first().subscribe(findCallback);
documentFound = findCallback.get().get(0);
int bobBalance = (int) documentFound.get("balance");
int newBobBalance = bobBalance + amountToTransfer;
updateCallback = new SubscriberLatchWrapper<>();
accountColl.updateOne(session, new Document("name", "Bob"), new Document("$set", new Document("balance", newBobBalance))).subscribe(updateCallback);
updateCallback.await();
// check Bob's new balance
findCallback = new SubscriberLatchWrapper<>();
accountColl.find(session, new Document("name", "Bob")).first().subscribe(findCallback);
documentFound = findCallback.get().get(0);
updatedBalance = (int) documentFound.get("balance");
Assert.assertEquals(updatedBalance, newBobBalance);
// commit the transaction
SubscriberLatchWrapper<Void> transactionCallback = new SubscriberLatchWrapper<>();
session.commitTransaction().subscribe(transactionCallback);
transactionCallback.await();
}
public class SubscriberLatchWrapper<T> implements Subscriber<T> {
/**
* A Subscriber that stores the publishers results and provides a latch so can block on completion.
*
* @param <T> The publishers result type
*/
private final List<T> received;
private final List<RuntimeException> errors;
private final CountDownLatch latch;
private volatile Subscription subscription;
private volatile boolean completed;
/**
* Construct an instance
*/
public SubscriberLatchWrapper() {
this.received = new ArrayList<>();
this.errors = new ArrayList<>();
this.latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
}
@Override
public void onSubscribe(final Subscription s) {
subscription = s;
subscription.request(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
@Override
public void onNext(final T t) {
received.add(t);
}
@Override
public void onError(final Throwable t) {
if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
errors.add((RuntimeException) t);
} else {
errors.add(new RuntimeException("Unexpected exception", t));
}
onComplete();
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
completed = true;
subscription.cancel();
latch.countDown();
}
/**
* Get received elements
*
* @return the list of received elements
*/
public List<T> getReceived() {
return received;
}
/**
* Get received elements.
*
* @return the list of receive elements
*/
public List<T> get() {
return await().getReceived();
}
/**
* Await completion or error
*
* @return this
*/
public SubscriberLatchWrapper<T> await() {
subscription.request(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
try {
if (!latch.await(300, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
throw new MongoTimeoutException("Publisher onComplete timed out for 300 seconds");
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new MongoInterruptedException("Interrupted waiting for observeration", e);
}
if (!errors.isEmpty()) {
throw errors.get(0);
}
return this;
}
public boolean getCompleted() {
return this.completed;
}
public void close() {
subscription.cancel();
received.clear();
}
}
- C
-
다음 코드는 Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션 API를 C와 함께 활용하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
// Sample C code with core session
bool core_session(mongoc_client_session_t *client_session, mongoc_collection_t* collection, bson_t *selector, int64_t balance){
bool r = true;
bson_error_t error;
bson_t *opts = bson_new();
bson_t *update = BCON_NEW ("$set", "{", "balance", BCON_INT64 (balance), "}");
// set read & write concern
mongoc_read_concern_t *read_concern = mongoc_read_concern_new ();
mongoc_write_concern_t *write_concern = mongoc_write_concern_new ();
mongoc_transaction_opt_t *txn_opts = mongoc_transaction_opts_new ();
mongoc_write_concern_set_w(write_concern, MONGOC_WRITE_CONCERN_W_MAJORITY);
mongoc_read_concern_set_level(read_concern, MONGOC_READ_CONCERN_LEVEL_SNAPSHOT);
mongoc_transaction_opts_set_write_concern (txn_opts, write_concern);
mongoc_transaction_opts_set_read_concern (txn_opts, read_concern);
mongoc_client_session_start_transaction (client_session, txn_opts, &error);
mongoc_client_session_append (client_session, opts, &error);
r = mongoc_collection_update_one (collection, selector, update, opts, NULL, &error);
mongoc_client_session_commit_transaction (client_session, NULL, &error);
bson_destroy (opts);
mongoc_transaction_opts_destroy(txn_opts);
mongoc_read_concern_destroy(read_concern);
mongoc_write_concern_destroy(write_concern);
bson_destroy (update);
return r;
}
void test_core_money_transfer(mongoc_client_t* client, mongoc_collection_t* collection, int amount_to_transfer){
bson_t reply;
bool r = true;
const bson_t *doc;
bson_iter_t iter;
bson_error_t error;
// find query
bson_t *alice_query = bson_new ();
BSON_APPEND_UTF8(alice_query, "name", "Alice");
bson_t *bob_query = bson_new ();
BSON_APPEND_UTF8(bob_query, "name", "Bob");
// create session
// set causal consistency to false
mongoc_session_opt_t *session_opts = mongoc_session_opts_new ();
mongoc_session_opts_set_causal_consistency (session_opts, false);
// start the session
mongoc_client_session_t *client_session = mongoc_client_start_session (client, session_opts, &error);
// add session to options
bson_t *opts = bson_new();
mongoc_client_session_append (client_session, opts, &error);
// deduct 500 from Alice
// find account balance of Alice
mongoc_cursor_t *cursor = mongoc_collection_find_with_opts (collection, alice_query, NULL, NULL);
mongoc_cursor_next (cursor, &doc);
bson_iter_init (&iter, doc);
bson_iter_find (&iter, "balance");
int64_t alice_balance = (bson_iter_value (&iter))->value.v_int64;
assert(alice_balance >= amount_to_transfer);
int64_t new_alice_balance = alice_balance - amount_to_transfer;
// core
r = core_session (client_session, collection, alice_query, new_alice_balance);
assert(r);
// find account balance of Alice after transaction
cursor = mongoc_collection_find_with_opts (collection, alice_query, NULL, NULL);
mongoc_cursor_next (cursor, &doc);
bson_iter_init (&iter, doc);
bson_iter_find (&iter, "balance");
alice_balance = (bson_iter_value (&iter))->value.v_int64;
assert(alice_balance == new_alice_balance);
assert(alice_balance == 500);
// add 500 to Bob's balance
// find account balance of Bob
cursor = mongoc_collection_find_with_opts (collection, bob_query, NULL, NULL);
mongoc_cursor_next (cursor, &doc);
bson_iter_init (&iter, doc);
bson_iter_find (&iter, "balance");
int64_t bob_balance = (bson_iter_value (&iter))->value.v_int64;
int64_t new_bob_balance = bob_balance + amount_to_transfer;
//core
r = core_session (client_session, collection, bob_query, new_bob_balance);
assert(r);
// find account balance of Bob after transaction
cursor = mongoc_collection_find_with_opts (collection, bob_query, NULL, NULL);
mongoc_cursor_next (cursor, &doc);
bson_iter_init (&iter, doc);
bson_iter_find (&iter, "balance");
bob_balance = (bson_iter_value (&iter))->value.v_int64;
assert(bob_balance == new_bob_balance);
assert(bob_balance == 1500);
// cleanup
bson_destroy(alice_query);
bson_destroy(bob_query);
mongoc_client_session_destroy(client_session);
bson_destroy(opts);
mongoc_cursor_destroy(cursor);
bson_destroy(doc);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
mongoc_init ();
mongoc_client_t* client = mongoc_client_new (<connection uri>);
bson_error_t error;
// connect to bank db
mongoc_database_t *database = mongoc_client_get_database (client, "bank");
// access account collection
mongoc_collection_t* collection = mongoc_client_get_collection(client, "bank", "account");
// set amount to transfer
int64_t amount_to_transfer = 500;
// delete the collection if already existing
mongoc_collection_drop(collection, &error);
// open Alice account
bson_t *alice_account = bson_new ();
BSON_APPEND_UTF8(alice_account, "name", "Alice");
BSON_APPEND_INT64(alice_account, "balance", 1000);
// open Bob account
bson_t *bob_account = bson_new ();
BSON_APPEND_UTF8(bob_account, "name", "Bob");
BSON_APPEND_INT64(bob_account, "balance", 1000);
bool r = true;
r = mongoc_collection_insert_one(collection, alice_account, NULL, NULL, &error);
if (!r) {printf("Error encountered:%s", error.message);}
r = mongoc_collection_insert_one(collection, bob_account, NULL, NULL, &error);
if (!r) {printf("Error encountered:%s", error.message);}
test_core_money_transfer(client, collection, amount_to_transfer);
}
- Scala
-
다음 코드는 Amazon DocumentDB 트랜잭션 API를 Scala와 함께 활용하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
// Scala Core API
def transferMoneyWithRetry(sessionObservable: SingleObservable[ClientSession] , database: MongoDatabase ): Unit = {
val accountColl = database.getCollection("account")
var amountToTransfer = 500
var transactionObservable: Observable[ClientSession] = sessionObservable.map(clientSession => {
clientSession.startTransaction()
// deduct $500 from Alice's account
var aliceBalance = accountColl.find(clientSession, Document("name" -> "Alice")).await().head.getInteger("balance")
assert(aliceBalance >= amountToTransfer)
var newAliceBalance = aliceBalance - amountToTransfer
accountColl.updateOne(clientSession, Document("name" -> "Alice"), Document("$set" -> Document("balance" -> newAliceBalance))).await()
aliceBalance = accountColl.find(clientSession, Document("name" -> "Alice")).await().head.getInteger("balance")
assert(aliceBalance == newAliceBalance)
// add $500 to Bob's account
var bobBalance = accountColl.find(clientSession, Document("name" -> "Bob")).await().head.getInteger("balance")
var newBobBalance = bobBalance + amountToTransfer
accountColl.updateOne(clientSession, Document("name" -> "Bob"), Document("$set" -> Document("balance" -> newBobBalance))).await()
bobBalance = accountColl.find(clientSession, Document("name" -> "Bob")).await().head.getInteger("balance")
assert(bobBalance == newBobBalance)
clientSession
})
transactionObservable.flatMap(clientSession => clientSession.commitTransaction()).await()
}
def doTransactionWithRetry(): Unit = {
val client: MongoClient = MongoClientWrapper.getMongoClient()
val database: MongoDatabase = client.getDatabase("bank")
val accountColl = database.getCollection("account")
accountColl.drop().await()
val sessionOptions = ClientSessionOptions.builder().causallyConsistent(false).build()
var sessionObservable: SingleObservable[ClientSession] = client.startSession(sessionOptions)
accountColl.insertOne(Document("name" -> "Alice", "balance" -> 1000)).await()
accountColl.insertOne(Document("name" -> "Bob", "balance" -> 1000)).await()
var retry = true
while (retry) {
try {
transferMoneyWithRetry(sessionObservable, database)
println("transaction committed")
retry = false
}
catch {
case e: MongoException if e.hasErrorLabel(MongoException.TRANSIENT_TRANSACTION_ERROR_LABEL) => {
println("retrying transaction")
}
case other: Throwable => {
println("transaction failed")
retry = false
throw other
}
}
}
// check results outside of transaction
assert(accountColl.find(Document("name" -> "Alice")).results().head.getInteger("balance") == 500)
assert(accountColl.find(Document("name" -> "Bob")).results().head.getInteger("balance") == 1500)
accountColl.drop().await()
}
지원되는 명령
| Command |
지원 |
|
abortTransaction
|
예
|
|
commitTransaction
|
예
|
|
endSessions
|
예
|
|
killSession
|
예
|
|
killAllSession
|
예
|
|
killAllSessionsByPattern
|
아니요
|
|
refreshSessions
|
아니요
|
|
startSession
|
예
|
지원되지 않는 기능
| 메서드 |
단계 또는 명령 |
|
db.collection.aggregate()
|
$collStats
$currentOp
$indexStats
$listSessions
$out
|
|
db.collection.count()
db.collection.countDocuments()
|
$where
$near
$nearSphere
|
|
db.collection.insert()
|
기존 컬렉션에 대해 실행되지 않는 경우 insert은 지원되지 않습니다. 이 메서드는 기존 컬렉션을 대상으로 하는 경우 지원됩니다.
|
세션
MongoDB 세션은 재시도 가능한 쓰기, 인과 관계 일관성, 트랜잭션을 지원하고 데이터베이스 전반의 작업을 관리하는 데 사용되는 프레임워크입니다. 세션이 생성되면 클라이언트에서 lsid(논리적 세션 식별자)를 생성하고 서버로 명령을 보낼 때 해당 세션 내의 모든 작업에 태그를 지정하는 데 사용됩니다.
Amazon DocumentDB는 세션을 사용하여 트랜잭션을 활성화하는 것을 지원하지만 인과 관계 일관성이나 재시도 가능한 쓰기는 지원하지 않습니다.
Amazon DocumentDB 내에서 트랜잭션을 사용하는 경우 session.startTransaction() API를 사용하여 세션 내에서 트랜잭션이 시작되며 세션은 한 번에 하나의 트랜잭션만 지원합니다. 마찬가지로, 트랜잭션은 커밋(session.commitTransaction()) 또는 중단(session.abortTransaction()) API를 사용하여 완료됩니다.
인과 관계 일관성
인과 관계 일관성을 통해 클라이언트는 단일 클라이언트 세션 내에서 읽기 후 쓰기 일관성, 단일 원자 읽기/쓰기 및 읽기 후 쓰기가 수행되며 이러한 보장은 기본 인스턴스뿐만 아니라 클러스터의 모든 인스턴스에 적용됩니다. Amazon DocumentDB는 인과 관계의 일관성을 지원하지 않으므로 다음 명령문을 실행하면 오류가 발생합니다.
var mySession = db.getMongo().startSession();
var mySessionObject = mySession.getDatabase('test').getCollection('account');
mySessionObject.updateOne({"_id": 2}, {"$inc": {"balance": 400}});
//Result:{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }
mySessionObject.find()
//Error: error: {
// "ok" : 0,
// "code" : 303,
// "errmsg" : "Feature not supported: 'causal consistency'",
// "operationTime" : Timestamp(1603461817, 493214)
//}
mySession.endSession()
세션 내에서 인과 관계 일관성을 비활성화할 수 있습니다. 단, 이렇게 하면 세션 프레임워크를 활용할 수 있지만 읽기에 대한 인과 관계 일관성을 보장할 수는 없습니다. Amazon DocumentDB를 사용할 경우 기본 인스턴스에서의 읽기는 쓰기 후 읽기 일관성이 유지되고 복제본 인스턴스에서의 읽기도 최종적으로 일관됩니다. 트랜잭션은 세션을 활용하는 주요 사용 사례입니다.
var mySession = db.getMongo().startSession({causalConsistency: false});
var mySessionObject = mySession.getDatabase('test').getCollection('account');
mySessionObject.updateOne({"_id": 2}, {"$inc": {"balance": 400}});
//Result:{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }
mySessionObject.find()
//{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "Bob", "balance" : 100 }
//{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "Alice", "balance" : 1700 }
재시도 가능한 쓰기
재시도 가능한 쓰기는 네트워크 오류가 발생하거나 클라이언트가 기본 데이터를 찾을 수 없는 경우 클라이언트가 쓰기 작업을 한 번 재시도하는 기능입니다. Amazon DocumentDB에서는 재시도 가능한 쓰기가 지원되지 않으므로 이를 비활성화해야 합니다. 연결 문자열의 명령(retryWrites=false)을 사용하여 비활성화할 수 있습니다.
mongo 쉘(mongosh 제외)을 사용하는 경우 코드 문자열에 retryWrites=false 명령을 포함시키지 마십시오. 기본적으로 재시도 가능한 쓰기는 비활성화되어 있습니다. retryWrites=false를 포함하면 일반 읽기 명령에서 오류가 발생할 수 있습니다.
트랜잭션 오류
트랜잭션을 사용할 때, 트랜잭션 번호가 진행 중인 트랜잭션과 일치하지 않는다는 오류가 발생하는 상황이 있습니다.
이 오류는 최소한 두 가지 상황에서 발생할 수 있습니다.
이 오류를 처리하는 가장 좋은 방법은 트랜잭션 업데이트를 멱등적으로 만드는 것입니다. 예를 들어 증가/감소 작업 대신 $set 뮤테이터를 사용하는 것입니다. 아래 내용을 참조하십시오.
{ "ok" : 0,
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1603938167, 1),
"code" : 251,
"errmsg" : "Given transaction number 1 does not match any in-progress transactions."
}
