Anti-patterns for software component management

Avoiding version control: Not using version control means that there's no historical record of code changes. This makes it hard to track down when a bug was introduced, who made specific changes, or how to roll back to a previous state leading to increased debugging time, potential loss of code, inability to collaborate effectively, and no traceability of changes. Use version control systems like Git for both code and infrastructure (IaC). Make sure to commit frequently with meaningful commit messages and maintain a clear change log.

Mutable artifacts: Permitting alterations to existing artifacts in artifact repositories and registries undermines the integrity of the software supply chain. Instead, artifacts should be made immutable. Immutable artifacts help ensure consistent deployments and rollbacks. Mutable artifacts, on the other hand, introduce unpredictability and can be a vector for malicious alterations. Artifacts stored should be immutable with access control preventing overwriting or modifying existing artifacts.

Ignoring dependencies management: A significant portion of modern applications consists of third-party libraries or dependencies. Ignoring these can introduce hidden vulnerabilities, versioning conflicts, or deprecated functionalities. This can lead to security breaches, unexpected behavior in applications, and makes debugging more challenging. Adopt a comprehensive dependency management strategy that not only tracks direct dependencies but also transitive (dependencies of dependencies). Use tools to regularly scan for vulnerabilities in your dependencies and update them as needed. Keep a centralized inventory of third-party dependencies that can be audited. Only grant build systems usage to trusted sources or specific repositories that have been approved.

Using git submodules for sharing common code: Git submodules can introduce a layer of complexity in development. It is easy to end up with a parent repository pointing to an outdated or even deleted commit in the submodule. Submodules can also introduce recursive nesting. This complexity can hinder development speed, increase the risk of errors, and introduce potential security concerns if a submodule is compromised. Consider alternative strategies such as monorepos for large-scale projects or microservices for better separation of concerns. Package managers can be used to share common libraries across multiple projects without the complexity of submodules.

Traditional branching strategies: Traditional branching strategies, like GitFlow, involve multiple long-lived branches like feature, release, and hotfix, which can add overhead to the development process. For most modern web-based applications, especially those using continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipelines, this can slow down the release pace, extend integration times, and lead to complex merge conflicts. Adopt a simpler branching strategy like trunk-based development or GitHub flow, which emphasizes shorter-lived branches and more frequent merges to the main branch.