# Data protection in AWS Lambda
The AWS [shared responsibility model](https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/shared-responsibility-model/) applies to data protection in AWS Lambda. As described in this model, AWS is responsible for protecting the global infrastructure that runs all of the AWS Cloud. You are responsible for maintaining control over your content that is hosted on this infrastructure. You are also responsible for the security configuration and management tasks for the AWS services that you use. For more information about data privacy, see the [Data Privacy FAQ](https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/data-privacy-faq/). For information about data protection in Europe, see the [AWS Shared Responsibility Model and GDPR](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/the-aws-shared-responsibility-model-and-gdpr/) blog post on the *AWS Security Blog*.
For data protection purposes, we recommend that you protect AWS account credentials and set up individual users with AWS IAM Identity Center or AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). That way, each user is given only the permissions necessary to fulfill their job duties. We also recommend that you secure your data in the following ways:
+ Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) with each account.
+ Use SSL/TLS to communicate with AWS resources. We require TLS 1.2 and recommend TLS 1.3.
+ Set up API and user activity logging with AWS CloudTrail. For information about using CloudTrail trails to capture AWS activities, see [Working with CloudTrail trails](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-trails.html) in the *AWS CloudTrail User Guide*.
+ Use AWS encryption solutions, along with all default security controls within AWS services.
+ Use advanced managed security services such as Amazon Macie, which assists in discovering and securing sensitive data that is stored in Amazon S3.
+ If you require FIPS 140-3 validated cryptographic modules when accessing AWS through a command line interface or an API, use a FIPS endpoint. For more information about the available FIPS endpoints, see [Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-3](https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/fips/).
We strongly recommend that you never put confidential or sensitive information, such as your customers' email addresses, into tags or free-form text fields such as a **Name** field. This includes when you work with Lambda or other AWS services using the console, API, AWS CLI, or AWS SDKs. Any data that you enter into tags or free-form text fields used for names may be used for billing or diagnostic logs. If you provide a URL to an external server, we strongly recommend that you do not include credentials information in the URL to validate your request to that server.
**Topics**
+ [
## Encryption in transit
](#security-privacy-intransit)
+ [
# Data encryption at rest for AWS Lambda
](security-encryption-at-rest.md)
## Encryption in transit
Lambda API endpoints only support secure connections over HTTPS. When you manage Lambda resources with the AWS Management Console,AWS SDK, or the Lambda API, all communication is encrypted with Transport Layer Security (TLS). For a full list of API endpoints, see [AWS Regions and endpoints](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/rande.html) in the AWS General Reference.
When you [connect your function to a file system](configuration-filesystem.md), Lambda uses encryption in transit for all connections. For more information, see [Data encryption in Amazon EFS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/encryption.html) in the *Amazon Elastic File System User Guide*.
When you use [environment variables](configuration-envvars.md), you can enable console encryption helpers to use client-side encryption to protect the environment variables in transit. For more information, see [Securing Lambda environment variables](configuration-envvars-encryption.md).
# Data encryption at rest for AWS Lambda
Lambda always provides at-rest encryption for the following resources using an [AWS owned key](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kms/latest/developerguide/concepts.html#aws-owned-cmk) or an [AWS managed key](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kms/latest/developerguide/concepts.html#aws-managed-cmk):
+ Environment variables
+ Files that you upload to Lambda, including deployment packages and layer archives
+ Event source mapping filter criteria objects
You can optionally configure Lambda to use a customer managed key to encrypt your [environment variables](configuration-envvars-encryption.md), [.zip deployment packages](encrypt-zip-package.md), and [filter criteria objects](invocation-eventfiltering.md#filter-criteria-encryption).
Amazon CloudWatch Logs and AWS X-Ray also encrypt data by default, and can be configured to use a customer managed key. For details, see [ Encrypt log data in CloudWatch Logs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/logs/encrypt-log-data-kms.html) and [Data protection in AWS X-Ray](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/xray/latest/devguide/xray-console-encryption.html).
## Monitoring your encryption keys for Lambda
When you use an AWS KMS customer managed key with Lambda, you can use [AWS CloudTrail](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-user-guide.html). The following examples are CloudTrail events for `Decrypt`, `DescribeKey`, and `GenerateDataKey` calls made by Lambda to access data encrypted by your customer managed key.
------
#### [ Decrypt ]
If you used a AWS KMS customer managed key to encrypt your [filter criteria](invocation-eventfiltering.md#filter-criteria-encryption) object, Lambda sends a `Decrypt` request on your behalf when you try to access it in plaintext (for example, from a `ListEventSourceMappings` call). The following example event records the `Decrypt` operation:
```
{
"eventVersion": "1.09",
"userIdentity": {
"type": "AssumedRole",
"principalId": "AROA123456789EXAMPLE:example",
"arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/role-name/example",
"accountId": "123456789012",
"accessKeyId": "ASIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
"sessionContext": {
"sessionIssuer": {
"type": "Role",
"principalId": "AROA123456789EXAMPLE",
"arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/role-name",
"accountId": "123456789012",
"userName": "role-name"
},
"attributes": {
"creationDate": "2024-05-30T00:45:23Z",
"mfaAuthenticated": "false"
}
},
"invokedBy": "lambda.amazonaws.com"
},
"eventTime": "2024-05-30T01:05:46Z",
"eventSource": "kms.amazonaws.com",
"eventName": "Decrypt",
"awsRegion": "eu-west-1",
"sourceIPAddress": "lambda.amazonaws.com",
"userAgent": "lambda.amazonaws.com",
"requestParameters": {
"keyId": "arn:aws:kms:eu-west-1:123456789012:key/a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLE11111",
"encryptionContext": {
"aws-crypto-public-key": "ABCD+7876787678+CDEFGHIJKL/888666888999888555444111555222888333111==",
"aws:lambda:EventSourceArn": "arn:aws:sqs:eu-west-1:123456789012:sample-source",
"aws:lambda:FunctionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:eu-west-1:123456789012:function:sample-function"
},
"encryptionAlgorithm": "SYMMETRIC_DEFAULT"
},
"responseElements": null,
"requestID": "a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLEaaaaa",
"eventID": "a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLEbbbbb",
"readOnly": true,
"resources": [
{
"accountId": "AWS Internal",
"type": "AWS::KMS::Key",
"ARN": "arn:aws:kms:eu-west-1:123456789012:key/a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLE11111"
}
],
"eventType": "AwsApiCall",
"managementEvent": true,
"recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
"eventCategory": "Management",
"sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}
```
------
#### [ DescribeKey ]
If you used a AWS KMS customer managed key to encrypt your [filter criteria](invocation-eventfiltering.md#filter-criteria-encryption) object, Lambda sends a `DescribeKey` request on your behalf when you try to access it (for example, from a `GetEventSourceMapping` call). The following example event records the `DescribeKey` operation:
```
{
"eventVersion": "1.09",
"userIdentity": {
"type": "AssumedRole",
"principalId": "AROA123456789EXAMPLE:example",
"arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/role-name/example",
"accountId": "123456789012",
"accessKeyId": "ASIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
"sessionContext": {
"sessionIssuer": {
"type": "Role",
"principalId": "AROA123456789EXAMPLE",
"arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/role-name",
"accountId": "123456789012",
"userName": "role-name"
},
"attributes": {
"creationDate": "2024-05-30T00:45:23Z",
"mfaAuthenticated": "false"
}
}
},
"eventTime": "2024-05-30T01:09:40Z",
"eventSource": "kms.amazonaws.com",
"eventName": "DescribeKey",
"awsRegion": "eu-west-1",
"sourceIPAddress": "54.240.197.238",
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
"requestParameters": {
"keyId": "a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLE11111"
},
"responseElements": null,
"requestID": "a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLEaaaaa",
"eventID": "a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLEbbbbb",
"readOnly": true,
"resources": [
{
"accountId": "AWS Internal",
"type": "AWS::KMS::Key",
"ARN": "arn:aws:kms:eu-west-1:123456789012:key/a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLE11111"
}
],
"eventType": "AwsApiCall",
"managementEvent": true,
"recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
"eventCategory": "Management",
"tlsDetails": {
"tlsVersion": "TLSv1.3",
"cipherSuite": "TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384",
"clientProvidedHostHeader": "kms.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com"
},
"sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}
```
------
#### [ GenerateDataKey ]
When you use a AWS KMS customer managed key to encrypt your [filter criteria](invocation-eventfiltering.md#filter-criteria-encryption) object in a `CreateEventSourceMapping` or `UpdateEventSourceMapping` call, Lambda sends a `GenerateDataKey` request on your behalf to generate a data key to encrypt the filter criteria ([envelope encryption](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kms/latest/developerguide/concepts.html#enveloping)). The following example event records the `GenerateDataKey` operation:
```
{
"eventVersion": "1.09",
"userIdentity": {
"type": "AssumedRole",
"principalId": "AROA123456789EXAMPLE:example",
"arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/role-name/example",
"accountId": "123456789012",
"accessKeyId": "ASIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
"sessionContext": {
"sessionIssuer": {
"type": "Role",
"principalId": "AROA123456789EXAMPLE",
"arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/role-name",
"accountId": "123456789012",
"userName": "role-name"
},
"attributes": {
"creationDate": "2024-05-30T00:06:07Z",
"mfaAuthenticated": "false"
}
},
"invokedBy": "lambda.amazonaws.com"
},
"eventTime": "2024-05-30T01:04:18Z",
"eventSource": "kms.amazonaws.com",
"eventName": "GenerateDataKey",
"awsRegion": "eu-west-1",
"sourceIPAddress": "lambda.amazonaws.com",
"userAgent": "lambda.amazonaws.com",
"requestParameters": {
"numberOfBytes": 32,
"keyId": "arn:aws:kms:eu-west-1:123456789012:key/a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLE11111",
"encryptionContext": {
"aws-crypto-public-key": "ABCD+7876787678+CDEFGHIJKL/888666888999888555444111555222888333111==",
"aws:lambda:EventSourceArn": "arn:aws:sqs:eu-west-1:123456789012:sample-source",
"aws:lambda:FunctionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:eu-west-1:123456789012:function:sample-function"
},
},
"responseElements": null,
"requestID": "a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLEaaaaa",
"eventID": "a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLEbbbbb",
"readOnly": true,
"resources": [
{
"accountId": "AWS Internal",
"type": "AWS::KMS::Key",
"ARN": "arn:aws:kms:eu-west-1:123456789012:key/a1b2c3d4-5678-90ab-cdef-EXAMPLE11111"
}
],
"eventType": "AwsApiCall",
"managementEvent": true,
"recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
"eventCategory": "Management"
}
```
------