# Getting started with speech-to-speech
The following sections provide an example and step-by-step explanation of how to implement a simple, real-time audio streaming application using Amazon Nova 2 Sonic. This simplified version demonstrates the core functionality needed to create an audio conversation with the Amazon Nova 2 Sonic model.
You can access the following example in our [Nova samples GitHub repo](https://github.com/aws-samples/amazon-nova-samples).
There is a connection limit of 8 minutes, with connection renewal and conversation continuation pattern available on [ GitHub ](https://github.com/aws-samples/amazon-nova-samples/tree/main/speech-to-speech/amazon-nova-2-sonic/repeatable-patterns/session-continuation/console-python).
## State the imports and configuration
This section imports necessary libraries and sets audio configuration parameters:
+ `asyncio`: For asynchronous programming
+ `base64`: For encoding and decoding audio data
+ `pyaudio`: For audio capture and playback
+ Amazon Bedrock SDK components for streaming
+ Audio constants define the format of audio capture (16kHz sample rate, mono channel)
```
import os
import asyncio
import base64
import json
import uuid
import pyaudio
from aws_sdk_bedrock_runtime.client import BedrockRuntimeClient, InvokeModelWithBidirectionalStreamOperationInput
from aws_sdk_bedrock_runtime.models import InvokeModelWithBidirectionalStreamInputChunk, BidirectionalInputPayloadPart
from aws_sdk_bedrock_runtime.config import Config, HTTPAuthSchemeResolver, SigV4AuthScheme
from smithy_aws_core.identity import EnvironmentCredentialsResolver
# Audio configuration
INPUT_SAMPLE_RATE = 16000
OUTPUT_SAMPLE_RATE = 24000
CHANNELS = 1
FORMAT = pyaudio.paInt16
CHUNK_SIZE = 1024
```
## Define the `SimpleNovaSonic` class
The `SimpleNovaSonic` class is the main class that handles the Amazon Nova Sonic interaction:
+ `model_id`: The Amazon Nova Sonic model ID (`amazon.nova-2-sonic-v1:0`)
+ `region`: The AWS Region, the default is `us-east-1`
+ Unique IDs for prompt and content tracking
+ An asynchronous queue for audio playback
```
class SimpleNovaSonic:
def __init__(self, model_id='amazon.nova-2-sonic-v1:0', region='us-east-1'):
self.model_id = model_id
self.region = region
self.client = None
self.stream = None
self.response = None
self.is_active = False
self.prompt_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
self.content_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
self.audio_content_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
self.audio_queue = asyncio.Queue()
self.display_assistant_text = False
```
## Initialize the client
This method configures the Amazon Bedrock client with the following:
+ The appropriate endpoint for the specified region
+ Authentication information using environment variables for AWS credentials
+ The SigV4 authentication scheme for the AWS API calls
```
def _initialize_client(self):
"""Initialize the Bedrock client."""
config = Config(
endpoint_uri=f"https://bedrock-runtime.{self.region}.amazonaws.com",
region=self.region,
aws_credentials_identity_resolver=EnvironmentCredentialsResolver(),
auth_scheme_resolver=HTTPAuthSchemeResolver(),
auth_schemes={"aws.auth#sigv4": SigV4AuthScheme(service="bedrock")}
)
self.client = BedrockRuntimeClient(config=config)
```
## Handle events
This helper method sends JSON events to the bidirectional stream, which is used for all communication with the Amazon Nova Sonic model:
```
async def send_event(self, event_json):
"""Send an event to the stream."""
event = InvokeModelWithBidirectionalStreamInputChunk(
value=BidirectionalInputPayloadPart(bytes_=event_json.encode('utf-8'))
)
await self.stream.input_stream.send(event)
```
## Start the session
This method initiates the session and setups the remaining events to start audio streaming. These events need to be sent in the same order.
```
async def start_session(self):
"""Start a new session with Nova Sonic."""
if not self.client:
self._initialize_client()
# Initialize the stream
self.stream = await self.client.invoke_model_with_bidirectional_stream(
InvokeModelWithBidirectionalStreamOperationInput(model_id=self.model_id)
)
self.is_active = True
# Send session start event
session_start = '''
{
"event": {
"sessionStart": {
"inferenceConfiguration": {
"maxTokens": 1024,
"topP": 0.9,
"temperature": 0.7
},
"turnDetectionConfiguration": {
"endpointingSensitivity": "HIGH"
}
}
}
}
'''
await self.send_event(session_start)
# Send prompt start event
prompt_start = f'''
{{
"event": {{
"promptStart": {{
"promptName": "{self.prompt_name}",
"textOutputConfiguration": {{
"mediaType": "text/plain"
}},
"audioOutputConfiguration": {{
"mediaType": "audio/lpcm",
"sampleRateHertz": 24000,
"sampleSizeBits": 16,
"channelCount": 1,
"voiceId": "matthew",
"encoding": "base64",
"audioType": "SPEECH"
}}
}}
}}
}}
'''
await self.send_event(prompt_start)
# Send system prompt
text_content_start = f'''
{{
"event": {{
"contentStart": {{
"promptName": "{self.prompt_name}",
"contentName": "{self.content_name}",
"type": "TEXT",
"interactive": true,
"role": "SYSTEM",
"textInputConfiguration": {{
"mediaType": "text/plain"
}}
}}
}}
}}
'''
await self.send_event(text_content_start)
system_prompt = "You are a friendly assistant. The user and you will engage in a spoken dialog " \
"exchanging the transcripts of a natural real-time conversation. Keep your responses short, " \
"generally two or three sentences for chatty scenarios."
text_input = f'''
{{
"event": {{
"textInput": {{
"promptName": "{self.prompt_name}",
"contentName": "{self.content_name}",
"content": "{system_prompt}"
}}
}}
}}
'''
await self.send_event(text_input)
text_content_end = f'''
{{
"event": {{
"contentEnd": {{
"promptName": "{self.prompt_name}",
"contentName": "{self.content_name}"
}}
}}
}}
'''
await self.send_event(text_content_end)
# Start processing responses
self.response = asyncio.create_task(self._process_responses())
```
## Handle audio input
These methods handle the audio input lifecycle:
+ `start_audio_input`: Configures and starts the audio input stream
+ `send_audio_chunk`: Encodes and sends audio chunks to the model
+ `end_audio_input`: Properly closes the audio input stream
```
async def start_audio_input(self):
"""Start audio input stream."""
audio_content_start = f'''
{{
"event": {{
"contentStart": {{
"promptName": "{self.prompt_name}",
"contentName": "{self.audio_content_name}",
"type": "AUDIO",
"interactive": true,
"role": "USER",
"audioInputConfiguration": {{
"mediaType": "audio/lpcm",
"sampleRateHertz": 16000,
"sampleSizeBits": 16,
"channelCount": 1,
"audioType": "SPEECH",
"encoding": "base64"
}}
}}
}}
}}
'''
await self.send_event(audio_content_start)
async def send_audio_chunk(self, audio_bytes):
"""Send an audio chunk to the stream."""
if not self.is_active:
return
blob = base64.b64encode(audio_bytes)
audio_event = f'''
{{
"event": {{
"audioInput": {{
"promptName": "{self.prompt_name}",
"contentName": "{self.audio_content_name}",
"content": "{blob.decode('utf-8')}"
}}
}}
}}
'''
await self.send_event(audio_event)
async def end_audio_input(self):
"""End audio input stream."""
audio_content_end = f'''
{{
"event": {{
"contentEnd": {{
"promptName": "{self.prompt_name}",
"contentName": "{self.audio_content_name}"
}}
}}
}}
'''
await self.send_event(audio_content_end)
```
## End the session
This method properly closes the session by:
+ Sending a `promptEnd` event
+ Sending a `sessionEnd` event
+ Closing the input stream
```
async def end_session(self):
"""End the session."""
if not self.is_active:
return
prompt_end = f'''
{{
"event": {{
"promptEnd": {{
"promptName": "{self.prompt_name}"
}}
}}
}}
'''
await self.send_event(prompt_end)
session_end = '''
{
"event": {
"sessionEnd": {}
}
}
'''
await self.send_event(session_end)
# close the stream
await self.stream.input_stream.close()
```
## Handle responses
This method continuously processes responses from the model and does the following:
+ Waits for output from the stream.
+ Parses the JSON response.
+ Handles text output by printing to the console with automatic speech recognition and transcription.
+ Handles audio output by decoding and queuing for playback.
```
async def _process_responses(self):
"""Process responses from the stream."""
try:
while self.is_active:
output = await self.stream.await_output()
result = await output[1].receive()
if result.value and result.value.bytes_:
response_data = result.value.bytes_.decode('utf-8')
json_data = json.loads(response_data)
if 'event' in json_data:
# Handle content start event
if 'contentStart' in json_data['event']:
content_start = json_data['event']['contentStart']
# set role
self.role = content_start['role']
# Check for speculative content
if 'additionalModelFields' in content_start:
additional_fields = json.loads(content_start['additionalModelFields'])
if additional_fields.get('generationStage') == 'SPECULATIVE':
self.display_assistant_text = True
else:
self.display_assistant_text = False
# Handle text output event
elif 'textOutput' in json_data['event']:
text = json_data['event']['textOutput']['content']
if (self.role == "ASSISTANT" and self.display_assistant_text):
print(f"Assistant: {text}")
elif self.role == "USER":
print(f"User: {text}")
# Handle audio output
elif 'audioOutput' in json_data['event']:
audio_content = json_data['event']['audioOutput']['content']
audio_bytes = base64.b64decode(audio_content)
await self.audio_queue.put(audio_bytes)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error processing responses: {e}")
```
## Playback audio
This method will perform the following tasks:
+ Initialize a `PyAudio` input stream
+ Continuously retrieves audio data from the queue
+ Plays the audio through the speakers
+ Properly cleans up resources when done
```
async def play_audio(self):
"""Play audio responses."""
p = pyaudio.PyAudio()
stream = p.open(
format=FORMAT,
channels=CHANNELS,
rate=OUTPUT_SAMPLE_RATE,
output=True
)
```
try:
```
while self.is_active:
audio_data = await self.audio_queue.get()
stream.write(audio_data)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error playing audio: {e}")
finally:
stream.stop_stream()
stream.close()
p.terminate()
```
## Capture audio
This method will perform the following tasks:
+ Initializes a `PyAudio` output stream
+ Starts the audio input session
+ Continuously captures audio chunks from the microphone
+ Sends each chunk to the Amazon Nova Sonic model
+ Properly cleans up resources when done
```
async def capture_audio(self):
"""Capture audio from microphone and send to Nova Sonic."""
p = pyaudio.PyAudio()
stream = p.open(
format=FORMAT,
channels=CHANNELS,
rate=INPUT_SAMPLE_RATE,
input=True,
frames_per_buffer=CHUNK_SIZE
)
print("Starting audio capture. Speak into your microphone...")
print("Press Enter to stop...")
await self.start_audio_input()
```
try:
```
while self.is_active:
audio_data = stream.read(CHUNK_SIZE, exception_on_overflow=False)
await self.send_audio_chunk(audio_data)
await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error capturing audio: {e}")
finally:
stream.stop_stream()
stream.close()
p.terminate()
print("Audio capture stopped.")
await self.end_audio_input()
```
## Run the main function
The main function orchestrates the entire process by performing the following:
+ Creates an Amazon Nova 2 Sonic client
+ Starts the session
+ Creates concurrent tasks for audio playback and capture
+ Waits for the user to press **Enter** to stop
+ Properly ends the session and cleans up tasks
```
async def main():
# Create Nova Sonic client
nova_client = SimpleNovaSonic()
# Start session
await nova_client.start_session()
# Start audio playback task
playback_task = asyncio.create_task(nova_client.play_audio())
# Start audio capture task
capture_task = asyncio.create_task(nova_client.capture_audio())
# Wait for user to press Enter to stop
await asyncio.get_event_loop().run_in_executor(None, input)
# End session
nova_client.is_active = False
# First cancel the tasks
tasks = []
if not playback_task.done():
tasks.append(playback_task)
if not capture_task.done():
tasks.append(capture_task)
for task in tasks:
task.cancel()
if tasks:
await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
# cancel the response task
if nova_client.response and not nova_client.response.done():
nova_client.response.cancel()
await nova_client.end_session()
print("Session ended")
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Set AWS credentials if not using environment variables
# os.environ['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'] = "your-access-key"
# os.environ['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'] = "your-secret-key"
# os.environ['AWS_DEFAULT_REGION'] = "us-east-1"
asyncio.run(main())
```