The following table lists the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) phonemes, the Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) symbols, and the phoneme's sound type for the Hindi voices that are supported by Amazon Polly.
For additional phonemes used in conjunction with Hindi, see English (Indian) (en-IN).
IPA |
X-SAMPA |
Description |
Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Consonants |
|||
pʰ |
p_h |
voiceless aspirated bilabial plosive |
फूल (phool) |
bʱ |
b_h |
voiced aspirated bilabial plosive |
भारी (bhaari) |
t̪ |
t_d |
voiceless dental plosive |
तापमान (taapmaan) |
t̪ʰ |
t_d_h |
voiceless aspirated dental plosive |
थोड़ा (thoda) |
d̪ |
d_d |
voiced dental plosive |
दिल्ली (dilli) |
d̪ʱ |
d_d_h |
voiced aspirated dental plosive |
धोबी (dhobi) |
ʈ |
t` |
voiceless retroflex plosive |
कटोरा (katora) |
ʈʰ |
t`_h |
voiceless aspirated retroflex plosive |
ठंड (thand) |
ɖ |
d` |
voiced retroflex plosive |
डर (darr) |
ɖʱ |
d`_h |
voiced aspirated retroflex plosive |
ढाल (dhal) |
tʃʰ |
tS_h |
voiceless aspirated palatal affricate |
छाल (chaal) |
dʒʱ |
dZ_h |
voiced aspirated palatal affricate |
झाल (jhaal) |
kʰ |
k_h |
voiceless aspirated velar plosive |
खान (khan) |
ɡʱ |
g_h |
voiced aspirated velar plosive |
घान (ghaan) |
ɳ |
n` |
retroflex nasal |
क्षण (kshan) |
ɾ |
4 |
alveolar flap |
राम (ram) |
ɽ |
r` |
plain retroflex flap |
बड़ा (bada) |
ɽʱ |
r`_h |
voiced aspirated retroflex flap |
बढ़ी (barhi) |
ʋ |
v\ |
bilabial approximant |
वसूल (wasool) |
|
Vowels |
|||
ə |
@_o |
mid central vowel |
अच्छा (achhaa) |
ə̃ |
@~ |
nasalised mid central vowel |
हँसना (hansnaa) |
a |
A_o |
open front unrounded vowel |
आग (aag) |
ã |
A~ |
nasalised open front unrounded vowel |
घड़ियाँ (ghariyaan) |
ɪ |
I_o |
near-close near-front unrounded vowel |
इक्कीस (ikkees) |
ɪ̃ |
I~ |
nasalised near-close near front unrounded vowel |
सिंचाई (sinchai) |
i |
i_o |
close front unrounded vowel |
बिल्ली (billee) |
ĩ |
i~ |
nasalised close front unrounded vowel |
नहीं (nahin) |
ʊ |
U_o |
near-close near-back rounded vowel |
उल्लू (ullu) |
ʊ̃ |
U~ |
nasalised near-close near-back rounded vowel |
मुँह (munh) |
u |
u_o |
close back rounded vowel |
फूल (phool) |
ũ |
u~ |
nasalised close back rounded vowel |
ऊँट (oont) |
ɔ |
O_o |
open-mid back rounded vowel |
कौन (kaun) |
ɔ̃ |
O~ |
nasalised open-mid back rounded vowel |
भौं (bhaun) |
o |
o |
close-mid back rounded vowel |
सोना (sona) |
õ |
o~ |
nasalised close-mid back rounded vowel |
क्यों (kyon) |
ɛ |
E_o |
open-mid front unrounded vowel |
पैसा (paisa) |
ɛ̃ |
E~ |
nasalised open-mid front unrounded vowel |
मैं (main) |
e |
e |
close-mid front unrounded vowel |
एक (ek) |
ẽ |
e~ |
nasalised close-mid front unrounded vowel |
किताबें (kitabein) |
