# Turkish (tr-TR)
<a name="ph-table-turkish"></a>

The following table lists the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) phonemes, the Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) symbols, and the corresponding visemes for the Turkish voice supported by Amazon Polly.


**Phoneme/Viseme Table**  

<table>
<thead>
  <tr><th>IPA</th><th>X-SAMPA</th><th>Description</th><th>Example</th><th>Viseme</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
  <tr><td colspan="5"><b>Consonants</b></td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɾ</td><td>4</td><td>alveolar flap</td><td>du<b>r</b>um</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɾ̝̊</td><td>4_0_r</td><td>voiceless fricated alveolar flap</td><td>bi<b>r</b></td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɾ̝</td><td>4_r</td><td>fricated alveolar flap</td><td><b>r</b>af</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>b</td><td>b</td><td>voiced bilabial plosive</td><td><b>r</b>af</td><td>p</td></tr>
  <tr><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>voiceless palatal plosive</td><td><b>k</b>edi</td><td>k</td></tr>
  <tr><td>d</td><td>d</td><td>voiced alveolar plosive</td><td><b>d</b>e<b>d</b>e</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>d͡ʒ</td><td>dZ</td><td>voiced postalveolar affricate</td><td><b>c</b>am</td><td>S</td></tr>
  <tr><td>f</td><td>f</td><td>voiceless labiodental fricative</td><td><b>f</b>are</td><td>f</td></tr>
  <tr><td>g</td><td>g</td><td>voiced velar plosiv</td><td><b>g</b>alibi</td><td>k</td></tr>
  <tr><td>h</td><td>h</td><td>voiceless glottal fricative</td><td><b>h</b>asta</td><td>k</td></tr>
  <tr><td>j</td><td>j</td><td>palatal approximant</td><td><b>y</b>at</td><td>i</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɟ</td><td>J\</td><td>voiced palatal plosive</td><td><b>g</b>enç</td><td>J</td></tr>
  <tr><td>k</td><td>k</td><td>voiceless velar plosive</td><td>a<b>k</b>ıl</td><td>k</td></tr>
  <tr><td>l</td><td>l</td><td>alveolar lateral approximant</td><td><b>l</b>a<b>l</b>e</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɫ</td><td>5</td><td>velarized alveolar lateral approximant</td><td><b>l</b>abirent</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>m</td><td>m</td><td>bilabial nasal</td><td><b>m</b>aaş</td><td>p</td></tr>
  <tr><td>n</td><td>n</td><td>alveolar nasal</td><td>a<b>n</b>ı</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>p</td><td>p</td><td>voiceless bilabial plosive</td><td>i<b>p</b></td><td>p</td></tr>
  <tr><td>s</td><td>s</td><td>voiceless alveolar fricative</td><td><b>s</b>es</td><td>s</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ʃ</td><td>S</td><td>voiceless postalveolar fricative</td><td>a<b>ş</b>ı</td><td>S</td></tr>
  <tr><td>t</td><td>t</td><td>voiceless alveolar plosive</td><td>ü<b>t</b>ü</td><td>t</td></tr>
  <tr><td>t͡ʃ</td><td>tS</td><td>voiceless postalveolar affricate</td><td><b>ç</b>aba</td><td>S</td></tr>
  <tr><td>v</td><td>v</td><td>voiced labiodental fricative</td><td>ek<b>v</b>ator, kah<b>v</b>eci, ak<b>v</b>aryum, is<b>v</b>eçli, teş<b>v</b>iki, cet<b>v</b>el</td><td>f</td></tr>
  <tr><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>voiced alveolar fricative</td><td><b>v</b>er</td><td>s</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ʒ</td><td>Z</td><td>voiced postalveolar fricative</td><td>a<b>z</b>ık</td><td>S</td></tr>
  <tr><td colspan="5"><b>Vowels</b></td></tr>
  <tr><td>ø</td><td>2</td><td>close-mid front rounded vowel</td><td>g<b>ö</b>l</td><td>0</td></tr>
  <tr><td>œ</td><td>9</td><td>open-mid front rounded vowel</td><td>banliy<b>ö</b></td><td>O</td></tr>
  <tr><td>a</td><td>a</td><td>open front unrounded vowel</td><td>k<b>a</b>l</td><td>a</td></tr>
  <tr><td>a:</td><td>a:</td><td>long open front unrounded vowel</td><td>d<b>a</b>v<b>a</b>cı</td><td>a</td></tr>
  <tr><td>æ</td><td>{</td><td>near-open front unrounded vowel</td><td>özl<b>e</b>m, güv<b>e</b>nlik, gür<b>e</b>l, som<b>e</b>rsault</td><td>a</td></tr>
  <tr><td>e</td><td>e</td><td>close-mid front unrounded vowel</td><td>k<b>e</b>çi</td><td>e</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɛ</td><td>E</td><td>open-mid front unrounded vowel</td><td>ded<b>e</b></td><td>E</td></tr>
  <tr><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>close front unrounded vowel</td><td>b<b>i</b>r</td><td>i</td></tr>
  <tr><td>i:</td><td>i:</td><td>long close front unrounded vowel</td><td><b>i</b>zah</td><td>i</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɪ</td><td>I</td><td>near-close near-front unrounded vowel</td><td>keç<b>i</b></td><td>i</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ɯ</td><td>M</td><td>close back unrounded vowel</td><td>k<b>ı</b>l</td><td>i</td></tr>
  <tr><td>o</td><td>o</td><td>close-mid back rounded vowel</td><td>k<b>o</b>l</td><td>o</td></tr>
  <tr><td>o:</td><td>o:</td><td>long close-mid back rounded vowel</td><td>d<b>o</b>lar</td><td>o</td></tr>
  <tr><td>u</td><td>u</td><td>close back rounded vowel</td><td>d<b>u</b>r<b>u</b>m</td><td>u</td></tr>
  <tr><td>u:</td><td>u:</td><td>long close back rounded vowel</td><td>r<b>u</b>hum</td><td>u</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ʊ</td><td>U</td><td>near-close near-back rounded vowel</td><td>dol<b>u</b></td><td>u</td></tr>
  <tr><td>y</td><td>y</td><td>close front rounded vowel</td><td>g<b>ü</b>venlik</td><td>u</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ʏ</td><td>Y</td><td>near-close near-front rounded vowel</td><td>aş<b>ı</b></td><td>u</td></tr>
  <tr><td colspan="5"><b>Additional Symbols</b></td></tr>
  <tr><td>ˈ</td><td>"</td><td>primary stress</td><td>Ala<b>ba</b>ma</td><td></td></tr>
  <tr><td>ˌ</td><td>%</td><td>secondary stress</td><td><b>A</b>labama</td><td></td></tr>
  <tr><td>.</td><td>.</td><td>syllable boundary</td><td>A.la.ba.ma</td><td></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>