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# Python e ElastiCache
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Python"></a>

Neste tutorial, você usa o AWS SDK para Python (Boto3) para escrever programas simples e realizar as seguintes operações: ElastiCache 
+ Crie ElastiCache para clusters Redis OSS (modo de cluster ativado e modo de cluster desativado)
+ Verifique se existem usuários ou grupos de usuários, caso contrário, crie-os. (Esse atributo está disponível com o Valkey 7.2 e versões posteriores e com o Redis OSS 6.0 a 7.1.)
+ Conecte-se a ElastiCache
+ Execute operações como definir e obter strings, ler e gravar em streams e publicar e se inscrever no canal. Pub/Sub 

Ao trabalhar neste tutorial, você pode consultar a documentação do AWS SDK para Python (Boto). A seção a seguir é específica para ElastiCache: cliente [ElastiCache de baixo nível](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/reference/services/elasticache.html)

## Pré-requisitos do tutorial
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Prerquisites"></a>
+ Configure uma chave de AWS acesso para usar AWS SDKs o. Para obter mais informações, consulte [Conf ElastiCacheiguração](set-up.md).
+ Instalar o Python 3.0 ou versões posteriores. Para obter mais informações, consulte [https://www.python.org/downloads](https://www.python.org/downloads). Para obter instruções, consulte [Início rápido](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/quickstart.html) na documentação do Boto 3.

**Topics**
+ [Pré-requisitos do tutorial](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Prerquisites)
+ [Tutorial: Criação de ElastiCache clusters e usuários](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Create-Cluster-and-Users)
+ [Tutorial: Conectando-se a ElastiCache](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Connecting)
+ [Exemplos de uso](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Usage)

## Tutorial: Criação de ElastiCache clusters e usuários
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Create-Cluster-and-Users"></a>

Os exemplos a seguir usam o SDK boto3 ElastiCache para operações de gerenciamento do Redis OSS (criação de cluster ou usuário) e redis-py/ para tratamento de dados. redis-py-cluster 

**Topics**
+ [Criar um cluster com modo cluster desabilitado](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Create-Cluster)
+ [Criar um cluster com modo cluster desabilitado com TLS e RBAC](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-RBAC)
+ [Criar um cluster com modo cluster habilitado](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Cluster-Enabled)
+ [Criar um cluster com modo cluster habilitado com TLS e RBAC](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Cluster-RBAC)
+ [Verifique se users/usergroup existe, caso contrário, crie-os](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Users)

### Criar um cluster com modo cluster desabilitado
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Create-Cluster"></a>

Copie o programa a seguir e cole-o em um arquivo chamado *CreateClusterModeDisabledCluster.py.*

```
import boto3
import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
client = boto3.client('elasticache')

def create_cluster_mode_disabled(CacheNodeType='cache.t3.small',EngineVersion='6.0',NumCacheClusters=2,ReplicationGroupDescription='Sample cluster',ReplicationGroupId=None):
    """Creates an ElastiCache Cluster with cluster mode disabled

    Returns a dictionary with the API response

    :param CacheNodeType: Node type used on the cluster. If not specified, cache.t3.small will be used
    Refer to https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonElastiCache/latest/dg/CacheNodes.SupportedTypes.html for supported node types
    :param EngineVersion: Engine version to be used. If not specified, latest will be used.
    :param NumCacheClusters: Number of nodes in the cluster. Minimum 1 (just a primary node) and maximun 6 (1 primary and 5 replicas).
    If not specified, cluster will be created with 1 primary and 1 replica.
    :param ReplicationGroupDescription: Description for the cluster.
    :param ReplicationGroupId: Name for the cluster
    :return: dictionary with the API results

    """
    if not ReplicationGroupId:
        return 'ReplicationGroupId parameter is required'

    response = client.create_replication_group(
        AutomaticFailoverEnabled=True,
        CacheNodeType=CacheNodeType,
        Engine='valkey',
        EngineVersion=EngineVersion,
        NumCacheClusters=NumCacheClusters,
        ReplicationGroupDescription=ReplicationGroupDescription,
        ReplicationGroupId=ReplicationGroupId,
        SnapshotRetentionLimit=30,
    )
    return response


if __name__ == '__main__':
    
    # Creates an ElastiCache Cluster mode disabled cluster, based on cache.m6g.large nodes, Valkey 8.0, one primary and two replicas
    elasticacheResponse = create_cluster_mode_disabled(
        #CacheNodeType='cache.m6g.large', 
        EngineVersion='8.0',
        NumCacheClusters=3,
        ReplicationGroupDescription='Valkey cluster mode disabled with replicas',
        ReplicationGroupId='valkey202104053'
        )
    
    logging.info(elasticacheResponse)
```

Para executar o programa, digite o comando a seguir:

 `python CreateClusterModeDisabledCluster.py`

Para obter mais informações, consulte [Gerenciamento de clusters no ElastiCache](Clusters.md).

### Criar um cluster com modo cluster desabilitado com TLS e RBAC
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-RBAC"></a>

Para garantir a segurança, você pode usar Transport Layer Security (TLS) e o Controle de acesso baseado em função (RBAC) ao criar um cluster no modo cluster desabilitado. Ao contrário do AUTH do Valkey ou do Redis OSS, onde todos os clientes autenticados têm acesso total ao grupo de replicação se o token for autenticado, o RBAC permite controlar o acesso ao cluster por meio de grupos de usuários. Esses grupos de usuários são projetados como uma maneira de organizar o acesso a grupos de replicação. Para obter mais informações, consulte [Regras de controle de acesso com base em função (RBAC)](Clusters.RBAC.md).

Copie o programa a seguir e cole-o em um arquivo chamado *ClusterModeDisabledWithRBAC.py*.

```
import boto3
import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
client = boto3.client('elasticache')

def create_cluster_mode_disabled_rbac(CacheNodeType='cache.t3.small',EngineVersion='6.0',NumCacheClusters=2,ReplicationGroupDescription='Sample cluster',ReplicationGroupId=None, UserGroupIds=None, SecurityGroupIds=None,CacheSubnetGroupName=None):
    """Creates an ElastiCache Cluster with cluster mode disabled and RBAC

    Returns a dictionary with the API response

    :param CacheNodeType: Node type used on the cluster. If not specified, cache.t3.small will be used
    Refer to https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonElastiCache/latest/dg/CacheNodes.SupportedTypes.html for supported node types
    :param EngineVersion: Engine version to be used. If not specified, latest will be used.
    :param NumCacheClusters: Number of nodes in the cluster. Minimum 1 (just a primary node) and maximun 6 (1 primary and 5 replicas).
    If not specified, cluster will be created with 1 primary and 1 replica.
    :param ReplicationGroupDescription: Description for the cluster.
    :param ReplicationGroupId: Mandatory name for the cluster.
    :param UserGroupIds: The ID of the user group to be assigned to the cluster.
    :param SecurityGroupIds: List of security groups to be assigned. If not defined, default will be used
    :param CacheSubnetGroupName: subnet group where the cluster will be placed. If not defined, default will be used.
    :return: dictionary with the API results

    """
    if not ReplicationGroupId:
        return {'Error': 'ReplicationGroupId parameter is required'}
    elif not isinstance(UserGroupIds,(list)):
        return {'Error': 'UserGroupIds parameter is required and must be a list'}

    params={'AutomaticFailoverEnabled': True, 
            'CacheNodeType': CacheNodeType, 
            'Engine': 'valkey', 
            'EngineVersion': EngineVersion, 
            'NumCacheClusters': NumCacheClusters, 
            'ReplicationGroupDescription': ReplicationGroupDescription, 
            'ReplicationGroupId': ReplicationGroupId, 
            'SnapshotRetentionLimit': 30, 
            'TransitEncryptionEnabled': True, 
            'UserGroupIds':UserGroupIds
        }

    # defaults will be used if CacheSubnetGroupName or SecurityGroups are not explicit.
    if isinstance(SecurityGroupIds,(list)):
        params.update({'SecurityGroupIds':SecurityGroupIds})
    if CacheSubnetGroupName:
        params.update({'CacheSubnetGroupName':CacheSubnetGroupName})

    response = client.create_replication_group(**params)
    return response

if __name__ == '__main__':

    # Creates an ElastiCache Cluster mode disabled cluster, based on cache.m6g.large nodes, Valkey 8.0, one primary and two replicas.
    # Assigns the existent user group "mygroup" for RBAC authentication
   
    response=create_cluster_mode_disabled_rbac(
        CacheNodeType='cache.m6g.large',
        EngineVersion='8.0',
        NumCacheClusters=3,
        ReplicationGroupDescription='Valkey cluster mode disabled with replicas',
        ReplicationGroupId='valkey202104',
        UserGroupIds=[
            'mygroup'
        ],
        SecurityGroupIds=[
            'sg-7cc73803'
        ],
        CacheSubnetGroupName='default'
    )

    logging.info(response)
```

Para executar o programa, digite o comando a seguir:

 `python ClusterModeDisabledWithRBAC.py`

Para obter mais informações, consulte [Gerenciamento de clusters no ElastiCache](Clusters.md).

### Criar um cluster com modo cluster habilitado
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Cluster-Enabled"></a>

Copie o programa a seguir e cole-o em um arquivo chamado *ClusterModeEnabled.py.*

```
import boto3
import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
client = boto3.client('elasticache')

def create_cluster_mode_enabled(CacheNodeType='cache.t3.small',EngineVersion='6.0',NumNodeGroups=1,ReplicasPerNodeGroup=1, ReplicationGroupDescription='Sample cache with cluster mode enabled',ReplicationGroupId=None):
    """Creates an ElastiCache Cluster with cluster mode enabled

    Returns a dictionary with the API response

    :param CacheNodeType: Node type used on the cluster. If not specified, cache.t3.small will be used
    Refer to https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonElastiCache/latest/dg/CacheNodes.SupportedTypes.html for supported node types
    :param EngineVersion: Engine version to be used. If not specified, latest will be used.
    :param NumNodeGroups: Number of shards in the cluster. Minimum 1 and maximun 90.
    If not specified, cluster will be created with 1 shard.
    :param ReplicasPerNodeGroup: Number of replicas per shard. If not specified 1 replica per shard will be created.
    :param ReplicationGroupDescription: Description for the cluster.
    :param ReplicationGroupId: Name for the cluster
    :return: dictionary with the API results

    """
    if not ReplicationGroupId:
        return 'ReplicationGroupId parameter is required'
    
    response = client.create_replication_group(
        AutomaticFailoverEnabled=True,
        CacheNodeType=CacheNodeType,
        Engine='valkey',
        EngineVersion=EngineVersion,
        ReplicationGroupDescription=ReplicationGroupDescription,
        ReplicationGroupId=ReplicationGroupId,
    #   Creates a cluster mode enabled cluster with 1 shard(NumNodeGroups), 1 primary node (implicit) and 2 replicas (replicasPerNodeGroup)
        NumNodeGroups=NumNodeGroups,
        ReplicasPerNodeGroup=ReplicasPerNodeGroup,
        CacheParameterGroupName='default.valkey7.2.cluster.on'
    )

    return response


# Creates a cluster mode enabled 
response = create_cluster_mode_enabled(
    CacheNodeType='cache.m6g.large',
    EngineVersion='6.0',
    ReplicationGroupDescription='Valkey cluster mode enabled with replicas',
    ReplicationGroupId='valkey20210',
#   Creates a cluster mode enabled cluster with 1 shard(NumNodeGroups), 1 primary (implicit) and 2 replicas (replicasPerNodeGroup)
    NumNodeGroups=2,
    ReplicasPerNodeGroup=1,
)

logging.info(response)
```

Para executar o programa, digite o comando a seguir:

 `python ClusterModeEnabled.py`

Para obter mais informações, consulte [Gerenciamento de clusters no ElastiCache](Clusters.md).

### Criar um cluster com modo cluster habilitado com TLS e RBAC
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Cluster-RBAC"></a>

Para garantir a segurança, você pode usar Transport Layer Security (TLS) e o Controle de acesso baseado em função (RBAC) ao criar um cluster no modo cluster habilitado. Ao contrário do AUTH do Valkey ou do Redis OSS, onde todos os clientes autenticados têm acesso total ao grupo de replicação se o token for autenticado, o RBAC permite controlar o acesso ao cluster por meio de grupos de usuários. Esses grupos de usuários são projetados como uma maneira de organizar o acesso a grupos de replicação. Para obter mais informações, consulte [Regras de controle de acesso com base em função (RBAC)](Clusters.RBAC.md).

Copie o programa a seguir e cole-o em um arquivo chamado *ClusterModeEnabledWithRBAC.py*.

```
import boto3
import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
client = boto3.client('elasticache')

def create_cluster_mode_enabled(CacheNodeType='cache.t3.small',EngineVersion='6.0',NumNodeGroups=1,ReplicasPerNodeGroup=1, ReplicationGroupDescription='Sample cache with cluster mode enabled',ReplicationGroupId=None,UserGroupIds=None, SecurityGroupIds=None,CacheSubnetGroupName=None,CacheParameterGroupName='default.valkey7.2.cluster.on'):
    """Creates an ElastiCache Cluster with cluster mode enabled and RBAC

    Returns a dictionary with the API response

    :param CacheNodeType: Node type used on the cluster. If not specified, cache.t3.small will be used
    Refer to https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonElastiCache/latest/dg/CacheNodes.SupportedTypes.html for supported node types
    :param EngineVersion: Engine version to be used. If not specified, latest will be used.
    :param NumNodeGroups: Number of shards in the cluster. Minimum 1 and maximun 90.
    If not specified, cluster will be created with 1 shard.
    :param ReplicasPerNodeGroup: Number of replicas per shard. If not specified 1 replica per shard will be created.
    :param ReplicationGroupDescription: Description for the cluster.
    :param ReplicationGroupId: Name for the cluster.
    :param CacheParameterGroupName: Parameter group to be used. Must be compatible with the engine version and cluster mode enabled.
    :return: dictionary with the API results

    """
    if not ReplicationGroupId:
        return 'ReplicationGroupId parameter is required'
    elif not isinstance(UserGroupIds,(list)):
        return {'Error': 'UserGroupIds parameter is required and must be a list'}

    params={'AutomaticFailoverEnabled': True, 
            'CacheNodeType': CacheNodeType, 
            'Engine': 'valkey', 
            'EngineVersion': EngineVersion, 
            'ReplicationGroupDescription': ReplicationGroupDescription, 
            'ReplicationGroupId': ReplicationGroupId, 
            'SnapshotRetentionLimit': 30, 
            'TransitEncryptionEnabled': True, 
            'UserGroupIds':UserGroupIds,
            'NumNodeGroups': NumNodeGroups,
            'ReplicasPerNodeGroup': ReplicasPerNodeGroup,
            'CacheParameterGroupName': CacheParameterGroupName
        }

    # defaults will be used if CacheSubnetGroupName or SecurityGroups are not explicit.
    if isinstance(SecurityGroupIds,(list)):
        params.update({'SecurityGroupIds':SecurityGroupIds})
    if CacheSubnetGroupName:
        params.update({'CacheSubnetGroupName':CacheSubnetGroupName})

    response = client.create_replication_group(**params)
    return response

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Creates a cluster mode enabled cluster
    response = create_cluster_mode_enabled(
        CacheNodeType='cache.m6g.large',
        EngineVersion='7.2',
        ReplicationGroupDescription='Valkey cluster mode enabled with replicas',
        ReplicationGroupId='valkey2021',
    #   Creates a cluster mode enabled cluster with 1 shard(NumNodeGroups), 1 primary (implicit) and 2 replicas (replicasPerNodeGroup)
        NumNodeGroups=2,
        ReplicasPerNodeGroup=1,
        UserGroupIds=[
            'mygroup'
        ],
        SecurityGroupIds=[
            'sg-7cc73803'
        ],
        CacheSubnetGroupName='default'

    )
    
    logging.info(response)
```

Para executar o programa, digite o comando a seguir:

 `python ClusterModeEnabledWithRBAC.py`

Para obter mais informações, consulte [Gerenciamento de clusters no ElastiCache](Clusters.md).

### Verifique se users/usergroup existe, caso contrário, crie-os
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Users"></a>

Com o RBAC, você cria usuários e atribui a eles permissões específicas usando uma string de acesso. Você atribui os usuários a grupos de usuários alinhados com uma função específica (administradores, recursos humanos) que são então implantados em um ou mais grupos de replicação do Redis ElastiCache OSS. Ao fazer isso, você pode estabelecer limites de segurança entre clientes usando o mesmo grupo ou grupos de replicação do Valkey ou Redis OSS e impedir que os clientes acessem os dados uns dos outros. Para obter mais informações, consulte [Regras de controle de acesso com base em função (RBAC)](Clusters.RBAC.md).

Copie o programa a seguir e cole-o em um arquivo chamado *UserAndUserGroups.py.* Atualize o mecanismo para fornecer credenciais. As credenciais neste exemplo são mostradas como substituíveis e atribuídas a um item não declarado. Evite credenciais de codificação rígida.

Este exemplo usa uma string de acesso com as permissões do usuário. Para obter mais informações sobre strings de acesso, consulte [Especificação de permissões usando uma string de acesso](Clusters.RBAC.md#Access-string).

```
import boto3
import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
client = boto3.client('elasticache')

def check_user_exists(UserId):
    """Checks if UserId exists

    Returns True if UserId exists, otherwise False
    :param UserId: ElastiCache User ID
    :return: True|False
    """
    try:
        response = client.describe_users(
            UserId=UserId,
        )
        if response['Users'][0]['UserId'].lower() == UserId.lower():
            return True
    except Exception as e:
        if e.response['Error']['Code'] == 'UserNotFound':
            logging.info(e.response['Error'])
            return False
        else:
            raise

def check_group_exists(UserGroupId):
    """Checks if UserGroupID exists

    Returns True if Group ID exists, otherwise False
    :param UserGroupId: ElastiCache User ID
    :return: True|False
    """

    try:
        response = client.describe_user_groups(
            UserGroupId=UserGroupId
        )
        if response['UserGroups'][0]['UserGroupId'].lower() == UserGroupId.lower():
            return True
    except Exception as e:
        if e.response['Error']['Code'] == 'UserGroupNotFound':
            logging.info(e.response['Error'])
            return False
        else:
            raise

def create_user(UserId=None,UserName=None,Password=None,AccessString=None):
    """Creates a new user

    Returns the ARN for the newly created user or the error message
    :param UserId: ElastiCache user ID. User IDs must be unique
    :param UserName: ElastiCache user name. ElastiCache allows multiple users with the same name as long as the associated user ID is unique.
    :param Password: Password for user. Must have at least 16 chars.
    :param AccessString: Access string with the permissions for the user. 
    :return: user ARN
    """
    try:
        response = client.create_user(
            UserId=UserId,
            UserName=UserName,
            Engine='Redis',
            Passwords=[Password],
            AccessString=AccessString,
            NoPasswordRequired=False
        )
        return response['ARN']
    except Exception as e:
        logging.info(e.response['Error'])
        return e.response['Error']

def create_group(UserGroupId=None, UserIds=None):
    """Creates a new group.
    A default user is required (mandatory) and should be specified in the UserIds list

    Return: Group ARN
    :param UserIds: List with user IDs to be associated with the new group. A default user is required
    :param UserGroupId: The ID (name) for the group
    :return: Group ARN
    """
    try:
        response = client.create_user_group(
            UserGroupId=UserGroupId,
            Engine='Redis',
            UserIds=UserIds
        )
        return response['ARN']
    except Exception as e:
        logging.info(e.response['Error'])


if __name__ == '__main__':
    
    groupName='mygroup2'
    userName = 'myuser2'
    userId=groupName+'-'+userName

    # Creates a new user if the user ID does not exist.
    for tmpUserId,tmpUserName in [ (userId,userName), (groupName+'-default','default')]:
        if not check_user_exists(tmpUserId):
            response=create_user(UserId=tmpUserId, UserName=EXAMPLE,Password=EXAMPLE,AccessString='on ~* +@all')
            logging.info(response)
        # assigns the new user ID to the user group
    if not check_group_exists(groupName):
        UserIds = [ userId , groupName+'-default']
        response=create_group(UserGroupId=groupName,UserIds=UserIds)
        logging.info(response)
```

Para executar o programa, digite o comando a seguir:

 `python UserAndUserGroups.py`

## Tutorial: Conectando-se a ElastiCache
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Connecting"></a>

Os exemplos a seguir usam o cliente Valkey ou Redis OSS para se conectar a. ElastiCache

**Topics**
+ [Conexão a um cluster com modo cluster desabilitado](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Connecting-cluster-mode-disabled)
+ [Conexão a um cluster com modo cluster habilitado](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Connecting-cluster-mode-enabled)

### Conexão a um cluster com modo cluster desabilitado
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Connecting-cluster-mode-disabled"></a>

Copie o programa a seguir e cole-o em um arquivo chamado *ConnectClusterModeDisabled.py.* Atualize o mecanismo para fornecer credenciais. As credenciais neste exemplo são mostradas como substituíveis e atribuídas a um item não declarado. Evite credenciais de codificação rígida.

```
from redis import Redis
import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
redis = Redis(host='primary.xxx.yyyyyy.zzz1.cache.amazonaws.com', port=6379, decode_responses=True, ssl=True, username=example, password=EXAMPLE)

if redis.ping():
    logging.info("Connected to Redis")
```

Para executar o programa, digite o comando a seguir:

 `python ConnectClusterModeDisabled.py`

### Conexão a um cluster com modo cluster habilitado
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Connecting-cluster-mode-enabled"></a>

Copie o programa a seguir e cole-o em um arquivo chamado *ConnectClusterModeEnabled.py.*

```
from rediscluster import RedisCluster
import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
redis = RedisCluster(startup_nodes=[{"host": "xxx.yyy.clustercfg.zzz1.cache.amazonaws.com","port": "6379"}], decode_responses=True,skip_full_coverage_check=True)

if redis.ping():
    logging.info("Connected to Redis")
```

Para executar o programa, digite o comando a seguir:

 `python ConnectClusterModeEnabled.py`

## Exemplos de uso
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-Usage"></a>

Os exemplos a seguir usam o SDK boto3 ElastiCache para trabalhar com ElastiCache o Redis OSS.

**Topics**
+ [Definir e obter strings](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-set-strings)
+ [Definir e obter um hash com vários itens](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-set-hash)
+ [Publique (escreva) e assine (leia) em um Pub/Sub canal](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-pub-sub)
+ [Gravar e ler de uma stream](#ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-read-write-stream)

### Definir e obter strings
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-set-strings"></a>

Copie o programa a seguir e cole-o em um arquivo chamado *SetAndGetStrings.py.*

```
import time
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,format='%(asctime)s: %(message)s')

keyName='mykey'
currTime=time.ctime(time.time())

# Set the key 'mykey' with the current date and time as value. 
# The Key will expire and removed from cache in 60 seconds.
redis.set(keyName, currTime, ex=60)

# Sleep just for better illustration of TTL (expiration) value
time.sleep(5)

# Retrieve the key value and current TTL
keyValue=redis.get(keyName)
keyTTL=redis.ttl(keyName)

logging.info("Key {} was set at {} and has {} seconds until expired".format(keyName, keyValue, keyTTL))
```

Para executar o programa, digite o comando a seguir:

 `python SetAndGetStrings.py`

### Definir e obter um hash com vários itens
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-set-hash"></a>

Copie o programa a seguir e cole-o em um arquivo chamado *SetAndGetHash.py.*

```
import logging
import time

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,format='%(asctime)s: %(message)s')

keyName='mykey'
keyValues={'datetime': time.ctime(time.time()), 'epochtime': time.time()}

# Set the hash 'mykey' with the current date and time in human readable format (datetime field) and epoch number (epochtime field). 
redis.hset(keyName, mapping=keyValues)

# Set the key to expire and removed from cache in 60 seconds.
redis.expire(keyName, 60)

# Sleep just for better illustration of TTL (expiration) value
time.sleep(5)

# Retrieves all the fields and current TTL
keyValues=redis.hgetall(keyName)
keyTTL=redis.ttl(keyName)

logging.info("Key {} was set at {} and has {} seconds until expired".format(keyName, keyValues, keyTTL))
```

Para executar o programa, digite o comando a seguir:

 `python SetAndGetHash.py`

### Publique (escreva) e assine (leia) em um Pub/Sub canal
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-pub-sub"></a>

Copie o programa a seguir e cole-o em um arquivo chamado *PubAndSub.py.*

```
import logging
import time

def handlerFunction(message):
    """Prints message got from PubSub channel to the log output

    Return None
    :param message: message to log
    """
    logging.info(message)

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
redis = Redis(host="redis202104053.tihewd.ng.0001.use1.cache.amazonaws.com", port=6379, decode_responses=True)


# Creates the subscriber connection on "mychannel"
subscriber = redis.pubsub()
subscriber.subscribe(**{'mychannel': handlerFunction})

# Creates a new thread to watch for messages while the main process continues with its routines
thread = subscriber.run_in_thread(sleep_time=0.01)

# Creates publisher connection on "mychannel"
redis.publish('mychannel', 'My message')

# Publishes several messages. Subscriber thread will read and print on log.
while True:
    redis.publish('mychannel',time.ctime(time.time()))
    time.sleep(1)
```

Para executar o programa, digite o comando a seguir:

 `python PubAndSub.py`

### Gravar e ler de uma stream
<a name="ElastiCache-Getting-Started-Tutorials-read-write-stream"></a>

Copie o programa a seguir e cole-o em um arquivo chamado *ReadWriteStream.py.*

```
from redis import Redis
import redis.exceptions as exceptions
import logging
import time
import threading

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)

def writeMessage(streamName):
    """Starts a loop writting the current time and thread name to 'streamName'

    :param streamName: Stream (key) name to write messages.
    """
    fieldsDict={'writerId':threading.currentThread().getName(),'myvalue':None}
    while True:
        fieldsDict['myvalue'] = time.ctime(time.time())
        redis.xadd(streamName,fieldsDict)
        time.sleep(1)

def readMessage(groupName=None,streamName=None):
    """Starts a loop reading from 'streamName'
    Multiple threads will read from the same stream consumer group. Consumer group is used to coordinate data distribution.
    Once a thread acknowleges the message, it won't be provided again. If message wasn't acknowledged, it can be served to another thread.

    :param groupName: stream group were multiple threads will read.
    :param streamName: Stream (key) name where messages will be read.
    """

    readerID=threading.currentThread().getName()
    while True:
        try:
            # Check if the stream has any message
            if redis.xlen(streamName)>0:
                # Check if if the messages are new (not acknowledged) or not (already processed)
                streamData=redis.xreadgroup(groupName,readerID,{streamName:'>'},count=1)
                if len(streamData) > 0:
                    msgId,message = streamData[0][1][0]
                    logging.info("{}: Got {} from ID {}".format(readerID,message,msgId))
                    #Do some processing here. If the message has been processed sucessfuly, acknowledge it and (optional) delete the message.
                    redis.xack(streamName,groupName,msgId)
                    logging.info("Stream message ID {} read and processed successfuly by {}".format(msgId,readerID))
                    redis.xdel(streamName,msgId)
            else:
                pass
        except:
            raise
            
        time.sleep(0.5)

# Creates the stream 'mystream' and consumer group 'myworkergroup' where multiple threads will write/read.
try:
    redis.xgroup_create('mystream','myworkergroup',mkstream=True)
except exceptions.ResponseError as e:
    logging.info("Consumer group already exists. Will continue despite the error: {}".format(e))
except:
    raise

# Starts 5 writer threads.
for writer_no in range(5):
    writerThread = threading.Thread(target=writeMessage, name='writer-'+str(writer_no), args=('mystream',),daemon=True)
    writerThread.start()

# Starts 10 reader threads
for reader_no in range(10):
    readerThread = threading.Thread(target=readMessage, name='reader-'+str(reader_no), args=('myworkergroup','mystream',),daemon=True)
    readerThread.daemon = True
    readerThread.start()

# Keep the code running for 30 seconds
time.sleep(30)
```

Para executar o programa, digite o comando a seguir:

 `python ReadWriteStream.py`