Amazon QLDB driver for Go – Quick start tutorial

In this tutorial, you learn how to set up a simple application using the latest version of the Amazon QLDB driver for Go. This guide includes steps for installing the driver and short code examples of basic create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) operations.

Prerequisites

Before you get started, make sure that you do the following:

Step 1: Install the driver

Ensure that your project is using Go modules to install project dependencies.

In your project directory, enter the following go get command.

$ go get -u github.com/awslabs/amazon-qldb-driver-go/v3/qldbdriver

Installing the driver also installs its dependencies, including the AWS SDK for Go v2 and Amazon Ion packages.

Step 2: Import the packages

Import the following AWS packages.

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"

    "github.com/amzn/ion-go/ion"
    "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
    "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config"
    "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/qldbSession"
    "github.com/awslabs/amazon-qldb-driver-go/v3/qldbdriver"
)

Step 3: Initialize the driver

Initialize an instance of the driver that connects to the ledger named quick-start.

cfg, err := config.LoadDefaultConfig(context.TODO())
if err != nil {
  panic(err)
}

qldbSession := qldbsession.NewFromConfig(cfg, func(options *qldbsession.Options) {
    options.Region = "us-east-1"
})
driver, err := qldbdriver.New(
    "quick-start",
    qldbSession,
    func(options *qldbdriver.DriverOptions) {
        options.LoggerVerbosity = qldbdriver.LogInfo
    })
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

defer driver.Shutdown(context.Background())

Step 4: Create a table and index

The following code example shows how to run CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX statements.

_, err = driver.Execute(context.Background(), func(txn qldbdriver.Transaction) (interface{}, error) {
    _, err := txn.Execute("CREATE TABLE People")
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    // When working with QLDB, it's recommended to create an index on fields we're filtering on.
    // This reduces the chance of OCC conflict exceptions with large datasets.
    _, err = txn.Execute("CREATE INDEX ON People (firstName)")
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    _, err = txn.Execute("CREATE INDEX ON People (age)")
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    return nil, nil
})
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

This code creates a table named People, and indexes for the firstName and age fields on that table. Indexes are required to optimize query performance and help to limit optimistic concurrency control (OCC) conflict exceptions.

Step 5: Insert a document

The following code examples show how to run an INSERT statement. QLDB supports the PartiQL query language (SQL compatible) and the Amazon Ion data format (superset of JSON).

Using literal PartiQL

The following code inserts a document into the People table using a string literal PartiQL statement.

_, err = driver.Execute(context.Background(), func(txn qldbdriver.Transaction) (interface{}, error) {
    return txn.Execute("INSERT INTO People {'firstName': 'Jane', 'lastName': 'Doe', 'age': 77}")
})
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

Using Ion data types

Similar to Go's built-in JSON package, you can marshal and unmarshal Go data types to and from Ion.

Step 6: Query the document

The following code example shows how to run a SELECT statement.

p, err := driver.Execute(context.Background(), func(txn qldbdriver.Transaction) (interface{}, error) {
    result, err := txn.Execute("SELECT firstName, lastName, age FROM People WHERE age = 54")
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    // Assume the result is not empty
    hasNext := result.Next(txn)
    if !hasNext && result.Err() != nil {
        return nil, result.Err()
    }

    ionBinary := result.GetCurrentData()

    temp := new(Person)
    err = ion.Unmarshal(ionBinary, temp)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    return *temp, nil
})
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

var returnedPerson Person
returnedPerson = p.(Person)

if returnedPerson != person {
    fmt.Print("Queried result does not match inserted struct")
}

This example queries your document from the People table, assumes that the result set isn't empty, and returns your document from the result.

Step 7: Update the document

The following code example shows how to run an UPDATE statement.

person.Age += 10

_, err = driver.Execute(context.Background(), func(txn qldbdriver.Transaction) (interface{}, error) {
    return txn.Execute("UPDATE People SET age = ? WHERE firstName = ?", person.Age, person.FirstName)
})
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

Step 8: Query the updated document

The following code example queries the People table by firstName and returns all of the documents in the result set.

p, err = driver.Execute(context.Background(), func(txn qldbdriver.Transaction) (interface{}, error) {
    result, err := txn.Execute("SELECT firstName, lastName, age FROM People WHERE firstName = ?", person.FirstName)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    var people []Person
    for result.Next(txn) {
        ionBinary := result.GetCurrentData()

        temp := new(Person)
        err = ion.Unmarshal(ionBinary, temp)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }

        people = append(people, *temp)
    }
    if result.Err() != nil {
        return nil, result.Err()
    }

    return people, nil
})
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

var people []Person
people = p.([]Person)

updatedPerson := Person{"John", "Doe", 64}
if people[0] != updatedPerson {
    fmt.Print("Queried result does not match updated struct")
}

Step 9: Drop the table

The following code example shows how to run a DROP TABLE statement.

_, err = driver.Execute(context.Background(), func(txn qldbdriver.Transaction) (interface{}, error) {
    return txn.Execute("DROP TABLE People")
})
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

Running the complete application

The following code example is the complete version of the application. Instead of doing the previous steps individually, you can also copy and run this code example from start to end. This application demonstrates some basic CRUD operations on the ledger named quick-start.

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"

    "github.com/amzn/ion-go/ion"
    "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
    "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
    "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/qldbsession"
    "github.com/awslabs/amazon-qldb-driver-go/v2/qldbdriver"
)

func main() {
    awsSession := session.Must(session.NewSession(aws.NewConfig().WithRegion("us-east-1")))
    qldbSession := qldbsession.New(awsSession)

    driver, err := qldbdriver.New(
        "quick-start",
        qldbSession,
        func(options *qldbdriver.DriverOptions) {
            options.LoggerVerbosity = qldbdriver.LogInfo
        })
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    defer driver.Shutdown(context.Background())

    _, err = driver.Execute(context.Background(), func(txn qldbdriver.Transaction) (interface{}, error) {
        _, err := txn.Execute("CREATE TABLE People")
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }

        // When working with QLDB, it's recommended to create an index on fields we're filtering on.
        // This reduces the chance of OCC conflict exceptions with large datasets.
        _, err = txn.Execute("CREATE INDEX ON People (firstName)")
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }

        _, err = txn.Execute("CREATE INDEX ON People (age)")
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }

        return nil, nil
    })
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    _, err = driver.Execute(context.Background(), func(txn qldbdriver.Transaction) (interface{}, error) {
        return txn.Execute("INSERT INTO People {'firstName': 'Jane', 'lastName': 'Doe', 'age': 77}")
    })
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    type Person struct {
        FirstName string `ion:"firstName"`
        LastName  string `ion:"lastName"`
        Age       int    `ion:"age"`
    }

    person := Person{"John", "Doe", 54}

    _, err = driver.Execute(context.Background(), func(txn qldbdriver.Transaction) (interface{}, error) {
        return txn.Execute("INSERT INTO People ?", person)
    })
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    p, err := driver.Execute(context.Background(), func(txn qldbdriver.Transaction) (interface{}, error) {
        result, err := txn.Execute("SELECT firstName, lastName, age FROM People WHERE age = 54")
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }

        // Assume the result is not empty
        hasNext := result.Next(txn)
        if !hasNext && result.Err() != nil {
            return nil, result.Err()
        }

        ionBinary := result.GetCurrentData()

        temp := new(Person)
        err = ion.Unmarshal(ionBinary, temp)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }

        return *temp, nil
    })
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    var returnedPerson Person
    returnedPerson = p.(Person)

    if returnedPerson != person {
        fmt.Print("Queried result does not match inserted struct")
    }

    person.Age += 10

    _, err = driver.Execute(context.Background(), func(txn qldbdriver.Transaction) (interface{}, error) {
        return txn.Execute("UPDATE People SET age = ? WHERE firstName = ?", person.Age, person.FirstName)
    })
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    p, err = driver.Execute(context.Background(), func(txn qldbdriver.Transaction) (interface{}, error) {
        result, err := txn.Execute("SELECT firstName, lastName, age FROM People WHERE firstName = ?", person.FirstName)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }

        var people []Person
        for result.Next(txn) {
            ionBinary := result.GetCurrentData()

            temp := new(Person)
            err = ion.Unmarshal(ionBinary, temp)
            if err != nil {
                return nil, err
            }

            people = append(people, *temp)
        }
        if result.Err() != nil {
            return nil, result.Err()
        }

        return people, nil
    })
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    var people []Person
    people = p.([]Person)

    updatedPerson := Person{"John", "Doe", 64}
    if people[0] != updatedPerson {
        fmt.Print("Queried result does not match updated struct")
    }

    _, err = driver.Execute(context.Background(), func(txn qldbdriver.Transaction) (interface{}, error) {
        return txn.Execute("DROP TABLE People")
    })
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
}