Amazon Redshift will no longer support the creation of new Python UDFs starting Patch 198. Existing Python UDFs will continue to function until June 30, 2026. For more information, see the [ blog post ](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/big-data/amazon-redshift-python-user-defined-functions-will-reach-end-of-support-after-june-30-2026/). # Cross-database query examples This topic contains examples for how to use cross-database queries. Cross-database queries are queries that operate on multiple databases within a single Amazon Redshift cluster. Use the following examples to help learn how to set up a cross-database query that references an Amazon Redshift database. To start, create databases `db1` and `db2` and users `user1` and `user2` in your Amazon Redshift cluster. For more information, see [CREATE DATABASE](r_CREATE_DATABASE.md) and [CREATE USER](r_CREATE_USER.md). ``` --As user1 on db1 CREATE DATABASE db1; CREATE DATABASE db2; CREATE USER user1 PASSWORD 'Redshift01'; CREATE USER user2 PASSWORD 'Redshift01'; ``` As `user1` on `db1`, create a table, grant access privileges to `user2`, and insert values into `table1`. For more information, see [GRANT](r_GRANT.md) and [INSERT](r_INSERT_30.md). ``` --As user1 on db1 CREATE TABLE table1 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int); GRANT SELECT ON table1 TO user2; INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (1,2,3),(4,5,6),(7,8,9); ``` As `user2` on `db2`, run a cross-database query in `db2` using the three-part notation. ``` --As user2 on db2 SELECT * from db1.public.table1 ORDER BY c1; c1 | c2 | c3 ---+-----+---- 1 | 2 | 3 4 | 5 | 6 7 | 8 | 9 (3 rows) ``` Now grant write privileges to `user2`, and insert values into `table1` in `db1` as `user2` . ``` --As user1 on db1 GRANT INSERT ON table1 TO user2; ``` As `user2` on `db2`, run a cross-database query in `db2` using the three-part notation to insert data into `table1` in `db1`. ``` --As user2 on db2 INSERT INTO db1.public.table1 VALUES (10,11,12); SELECT * from db1.public.table1 ORDER BY c1; c1 | c2 | c3 ----+------+---- 1 | 2 | 3 4 | 5 | 6 7 | 8 | 9 10 | 11 | 12 (4 rows) ``` As `user2` on `db2`, create an external schema and run a cross-database query in `db2` using the external schema notation. ``` --As user2 on db2 CREATE EXTERNAL SCHEMA db1_public_sch FROM REDSHIFT DATABASE 'db1' SCHEMA 'public'; SELECT * FROM db1_public_sch.table1 ORDER BY c1; c1 | c2 | c3 ----+----+---- 1 | 2 | 3 4 | 5 | 6 7 | 8 | 9 10 | 11 | 12 (4 rows) ``` To create different views and grant permissions to those views, as `user1` on `db1`, do the following. ``` --As user1 on db1 CREATE VIEW regular_view AS SELECT c1 FROM table1; GRANT SELECT ON regular_view TO user2; CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mat_view AS SELECT c2 FROM table1; GRANT SELECT ON mat_view TO user2; CREATE VIEW late_bind_view AS SELECT c3 FROM public.table1 WITH NO SCHEMA BINDING; GRANT SELECT ON late_bind_view TO user2; ``` As `user2` on `db2`, run the following cross-database query using the three-part notation to view the particular view. ``` --As user2 on db2 SELECT * FROM db1.public.regular_view; c1 ---- 1 4 7 10 (4 rows) SELECT * FROM db1.public.mat_view; c2 ---- 2 5 8 11 (4 rows) SELECT * FROM db1.public.late_bind_view; c3 ---- 3 6 9 12 (4 rows) ``` As `user2` on `db2`, run the following cross-database query using the external schema notation to query the late-binding view. ``` --As user2 on db2 SELECT * FROM db1_public_sch.late_bind_view; c3 ---- 3 6 9 12 (4 rows) ``` As `user2` on `db2`, run the following command using connected tables in a single query. ``` --As user2 on db2 CREATE TABLE table1 (a int, b int, c int); INSERT INTO table1 VALUES (1,2,3), (4,5,6), (7,8,9); SELECT a AS col_1, (db1.public.table1.c2 + b) AS sum_col2, (db1.public.table1.c3 + c) AS sum_col3 FROM db1.public.table1, table1 WHERE db1.public.table1.c1 = a; col_1 | sum_col2 | sum_col3 ------+----------+---------- 1 | 4 | 6 4 | 10 | 12 7 | 16 | 18 (3 rows) ``` The following example lists all databases on the cluster. ``` select database_name, database_owner, database_type from svv_redshift_databases where database_name in ('db1', 'db2'); database_name | database_owner | database_type ---------------+----------------+--------------- db1 | 100 | local db2 | 100 | local (2 rows) ``` The following example lists all Amazon Redshift schemas of all databases on the cluster. ``` select database_name, schema_name, schema_owner, schema_type from svv_redshift_schemas where database_name in ('db1', 'db2'); database_name | schema_name | schema_owner | schema_type ---------------+--------------------+--------------+------------- db1 | pg_catalog | 1 | local db1 | public | 1 | local db1 | information_schema | 1 | local db2 | pg_catalog | 1 | local db2 | public | 1 | local db2 | information_schema | 1 | local (6 rows) ``` The following example lists all Amazon Redshift tables or views of all databases on the cluster. ``` select database_name, schema_name, table_name, table_type from svv_redshift_tables where database_name in ('db1', 'db2') and schema_name in ('public'); database_name | schema_name | table_name | table_type ---------------+-------------+---------------------+------------ db1 | public | late_bind_view | VIEW db1 | public | mat_view | VIEW db1 | public | mv_tbl__mat_view__0 | TABLE db1 | public | regular_view | VIEW db1 | public | table1 | TABLE db2 | public | table2 | TABLE (6 rows) ``` The following example lists all Amazon Redshift and external schemas of all databases on the cluster. ``` select database_name, schema_name, schema_owner, schema_type from svv_all_schemas where database_name in ('db1', 'db2') ; database_name | schema_name | schema_owner | schema_type ---------------+--------------------+--------------+------------- db1 | pg_catalog | 1 | local db1 | public | 1 | local db1 | information_schema | 1 | local db2 | pg_catalog | 1 | local db2 | public | 1 | local db2 | information_schema | 1 | local db2 | db1_public_sch | 1 | external (7 rows) ``` The following example lists all Amazon Redshift and external tables of all databases on the cluster. ``` select database_name, schema_name, table_name, table_type from svv_all_tables where database_name in ('db1', 'db2') and schema_name in ('public'); database_name | schema_name | table_name | table_type ---------------+-------------+---------------------+------------ db1 | public | regular_view | VIEW db1 | public | mv_tbl__mat_view__0 | TABLE db1 | public | mat_view | VIEW db1 | public | late_bind_view | VIEW db1 | public | table1 | TABLE db2 | public | table2 | TABLE (6 rows) ```