Requirements to create Windows custom images Best practices (Optional) Step 1: Specify a custom computer name format for your image Step 2: Run the Image Checker Step 3: Create a custom image and custom bundle What's included with Windows WorkSpaces custom images

Create a custom image and bundle for WorkSpaces Pools

WorkSpaces Pool supports Windows images and bundles only. If you've launched a Windows or WorkSpace and have customized it, you can create a custom image and custom bundles from that WorkSpace.

A custom image contains only the OS, software, and settings for the WorkSpace. A custom bundle is a combination of both that custom image and the hardware from which a WorkSpace can be launched.

After you create a custom image, you can build a custom bundle that combines the custom image and the underlying compute and storage configuration that you select. You can then specify this custom bundle when you launch new WorkSpaces to ensure that the new WorkSpaces have the same consistent configuration (hardware and software).

You can use the same custom image to create various custom bundles by selecting different compute and storage options for each bundle.

Important

Custom bundle storage volumes can't be smaller than image storage volumes.

Custom bundles cost the same as the public bundles they are created from. For more information about pricing, see Amazon WorkSpaces Pricing.

Requirements to create Windows custom images
Best practices
(Optional) Step 1: Specify a custom computer name format for your image
Step 2: Run the Image Checker
Step 3: Create a custom image and custom bundle
What's included with Windows WorkSpaces custom images

Requirements to create Windows custom images

Note

Windows currently defines 1 GB as 1,073,741,824 bytes. You must ensure they have greater than 12,884,901,888 bytes (or 12 GiB) free on C drive and the user profile is less than 10,737,418,240 bytes (or 10 GiB) to create an image of a WorkSpace.

The status of the WorkSpace must be Available and its modification state must be None.
All applications and user profiles on WorkSpaces images must be compatible with Microsoft Sysprep.
All applications to include in the image must be installed on the C drive.
All application services running on the WorkSpace must use a local system account instead of domain user credentials. For example, you cannot have a Microsoft SQL Server Express installation running with a domain user's credentials.
The WorkSpace must not be encrypted. Image creation from an encrypted WorkSpace is not currently supported.
The following components are required in an image. Without these components, the WorkSpaces that you launch from the image will not function correctly. For more information, see Required configuration and service components for WorkSpaces Personal.
- Windows PowerShell version 3.0 or later
- Remote Desktop Services
- AWS PV drivers
- Windows Remote Management (WinRM)
- Teradici PCoIP agents and drivers
- STXHD agents and drivers
- AWS and WorkSpaces certificates
- Skylight agent
WorkSpaces Pools only supports a maximum bundle / image root volume size of 200 GB. When you create a Windows custom image, ensure it is under the root volume size of 200 GB.

Best practices

Before you create an image from a WorkSpace, do the following:

Use a separate VPC that is not connected to your production environment.
Deploy the WorkSpace in a private subnet and use a NAT instance for outbound traffic.
Use a small Simple AD directory.
Use the smallest volume size for the source WorkSpace, and then adjust the volume size as needed when creating the custom bundle.
Install all operating system updates (except Windows feature/version updates) and all application updates on the WorkSpace.
Delete cached data from the WorkSpace that shouldn't be included in the bundle (for example, browser history, cached files, and browser cookies).
Delete configuration settings from the WorkSpace that shouldn't be included in the bundle (for example, email profiles).
Switch to dynamic IP address settings using DHCP.
Make sure that you haven't exceeded your quota for WorkSpace images allowed in a Region. By default, you're allowed 40 WorkSpace images per Region. If you've reached this quota, new attempts to create an image will fail. To request a quota increase, use the WorkSpaces Limits form.
Make sure that you aren't trying to create an image from an encrypted WorkSpace. Image creation from an encrypted WorkSpace is not currently supported.
If you're running any antivirus software on the WorkSpace, disable it while you're attempting to create an image.
If you have a firewall enabled on your WorkSpace, make sure that it isn't blocking any necessary ports. For more information, see IP address and port requirements for WorkSpaces Personal.
For Windows WorkSpaces, don't configure any Group Policy Objects (GPOs) before image creation.
For Windows WorkSpaces, do not customize the default user profile (C:\Users\Default) before creating an image. We recommend making any customizations to the user profile through GPOs, and applying them after image creation. GPOs can be easily modified or rolled back, and are therefore less prone to error than customizations made to the default user profile.
Ensure you update networking dependency drivers like ENA, NVMe, and PV drivers on your WorkSpaces. You should do this at least once every 6 months. For more information, see Install or upgrade Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) driver , AWS NVMe drivers for Windows instances, and Upgrade PV drivers on Windows instances.
Ensure you update the EC2Config, EC2Launch, and EC2Launch V2 agents to the latest versions periodically. You should do this at least once every 6 months. For more information, see Update EC2Config and EC2Launch.

(Optional) Step 1: Specify a custom computer name format for your image

For the WorkSpaces launched from your custom images, you can specify a custom prefix for the computer name format instead of using the default computer name format. By default, the format of the computer name for Windows 10 WorkSpaces is DESKTOP-XXXXX and for Windows 11 WorkSpaces, WORKSPA-XXXXX. Complete the following procedure to specify a custom prefix.

On the WorkSpace that you're using to create your custom image, open C:\ProgramData\Amazon\EC2-Windows\Launch\Sysprep\Unattend.xml in Notepad or another text editor. For more information about working with the Unattend.xml file, see Answer files (unattend.xml) in the Microsoft documentation.

To access the C: drive from the Windows File Explorer on your WorkSpace, enter C:\ in the address bar.
In the <settings pass="specialize"> section, make sure that <ComputerName> is set to an asterisk (*). If <ComputerName> is set to any other value, your custom computer name settings will be ignored. For more information about the <ComputerName> setting, see ComputerName in the Microsoft documentation.
In the <settings pass="specialize"> section, set <RegisteredOrganization> and <RegisteredOwner> to your preferred values.

During Sysprep, the values that you specify for <RegisteredOwner> and <RegisteredOrganization> are concatenated together, and the first 7 characters of the combined string are used to create the computer name. For example, if you specify Amazon.com for <RegisteredOrganization> and EC2 for <RegisteredOwner>, the computer names for the WorkSpaces created from your custom bundle will start with EC2AMAZ-xxxxxxx.

The <RegisteredOrganization> and <RegisteredOwner> values in the <settings pass="oobeSystem"> section are ignored by Sysprep.
Save your changes to the Unattend.xml file.

Step 2: Run the Image Checker

To confirm that your Windows WorkSpace meets the requirements for image creation, we recommend running the Image Checker application. The Image Checker performs a series of tests on the WorkSpace that you want to use to create your image, and provides guidance on how to resolve any issues it finds. The Image Checker is available only for Windows WorkSpaces.

Important

The WorkSpace must pass all of the tests run by the Image Checker before you can use it for image creation.
Before you run the Image Checker, verify that the latest Windows security and cumulative updates are installed on your WorkSpace.

To get the Image Checker, do one of the following:

Reboot your WorkSpace. The Image Checker is downloaded automatically during the reboot and installed at C:\Program Files\Amazon\ImageChecker.exe.
Download the Amazon WorkSpaces Image Checker from https://tools.amazonworkspaces.com/ImageChecker.zip and extract the ImageChecker.exe file. Copy this file to C:\Program Files\Amazon\.

To run the Image Checker

Open the C:\Program Files\Amazon\ImageChecker.exe file.
In the Amazon WorkSpaces Image Checker dialog box, choose Run.
After each test is completed, you can view the status of the test.

For any test with a status of FAILED, choose Info to display information about how to resolve the issue that caused the failure. For more information about how to resolve these issues, see Tips for resolving issues detected by the Image Checker.

If any tests display a status of WARNING, choose the Fix All Warnings button.

The tool generates an output log file in the same directory where the Image Checker is located. By default, this file is located at C:\Program Files\Amazon\ImageChecker_yyyyMMddhhmmss.log. Don't delete this log file. If an issue occurs, this log file might be helpful in troubleshooting.
If applicable, resolve any issues that cause test failures and warnings, and repeat the process of running the Image Checker until the WorkSpace passes all tests. All failures and warnings must be resolved before you can create an image.
After your WorkSpace passes all tests, you see a Validation Successful message. You are now ready to create a custom bundle.

Tips for resolving issues detected by the Image Checker

In addition to consulting the following tips for resolving issues that are detected by the Image Checker, be sure to review the Image Checker log file at C:\Program Files\Amazon\ImageChecker_yyyyMMddhhmmss.log.

Install the latest version of Microsoft Windows PowerShell.

Important

The PowerShell execution policy for a WorkSpace must be set to allow RemoteSigned scripts. To check the execution policy, run the Get-ExecutionPolicy PowerShell command. If the execution policy is not set to Unrestricted or RemoteSigned, run the Set-ExecutionPolicy –ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned command to change the value of the execution policy. The RemoteSigned setting allows the execution of scripts on Amazon WorkSpaces, which is required to create an image.

Only the C and D drives can be present on a WorkSpace that's used for imaging. Remove all other drives, including virtual drives.

The Create Image process can't run until Windows is rebooted to finish installing security or cumulative updates. Reboot Windows to apply these updates, and make sure that no other pending Windows security or cumulative updates need to be installed.
Image creation is not supported on Windows 10 systems that have been upgraded from one version of Windows 10 to a newer version of Windows 10 (a Windows feature/version upgrade). However, Windows cumulative or security updates are supported by the WorkSpaces image-creation process.

If there are problems with your Sysprep file, contact the AWS Support Center to get your EC2Config or EC2Launch repaired.

For Windows 7 WorkSpaces, the user profile (D:\Users\username) must be less than 10 GB total. Remove files as needed to reduce the size of the user profile.

For Windows 7 WorkSpaces, you must have at least 12 GB of free space on drive C. Remove files as needed to free up space on drive C. For Windows 10 WorkSpaces, ignore if you receive a FAILED message and the disk space is above 2GB.

To run the Create Image process, no services on the WorkSpace can be running under a domain account. All services must be running under a local account.

To run services under a local account

Open C:\Program Files\Amazon\ImageChecker_yyyyMMddhhmmss.log and find the list of services that are running under a domain account.
In the Windows search box, enter services.msc to open the Windows Services Manager.
Under Log On As, look for the services that are running under domain accounts. (Services running as Local System, Local Service, or Network Service do not interfere with image creation.)
Select a service that is running under a domain account, and then choose Action, Properties.
Open the Log On tab. Under Log on as, choose Local System account.
Choose OK.

You must configure all network adapters on the WorkSpace to use DHCP instead of static IP addresses.

To set all network adapters to use DHCP

In the Windows search box, enter control panel to open the Control Panel.
Choose Network and Internet.
Choose Network and Sharing Center.
Choose Change adapter settings, and select an adapter.
Choose Change settings of this connection.
On the Networking tab, select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4), and then choose Properties.
In the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties dialog box, select Obtain an IP address automatically.
Choose OK.
Repeat this process for all network adapters on the WorkSpace.

The Create Image process requires Remote Desktop Services to be enabled.

To enable Remote Desktop Services

In the Windows search box, enter services.msc to open the Windows Services Manager.
In the Name column, find Remote Desktop Services.
Select Remote Desktop Services, and then choose Action, Properties.
On the General tab, for Startup type, choose Manual or Automatic.
Choose OK.

The WorkSpace that you're using to create images must have a user profile (D:\Users\username). If this test fails, contact the AWS Support Center for assistance.

The environment variable path for the local machine is missing entries for System32 and for Windows PowerShell. These entries are required for Create Image to run.

To configure your environment variable path

In the Windows search box, enter environment variables and then choose Edit the system environment variables.
In the System Properties dialog box, open the Advanced tab, and choose Environment Variables.
In the Environment Variables dialog box, under System variables, select the Path entry and then choose Edit.
Choose New, and add the following path:

C:\Windows\System32
Choose New again, and add the following path:

C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\
Choose OK.
Restart the WorkSpace.

Tip
The order in which items appear in the environment variable path matters. To determine the correct order, you might want to compare the environment variable path of your WorkSpace with one from a newly created WorkSpace or a new Windows instance.

The Create Image process requires the Windows Modules Installer service to be enabled.

To enable the Windows Modules Installer service

In the Windows search box, enter services.msc to open the Windows Services Manager.
In the Name column, find Windows Modules Installer.
Select Windows Modules Installer, and then choose Action, Properties.
On the General tab, for Startup type, choose Manual or Automatic.
Choose OK.

The Create Image process requires the Amazon SSM Agent service to be disabled.

To disable the Amazon SSM Agent service

In the Windows search box, enter services.msc to open the Windows Services Manager.
In the Name column, find Amazon SSM Agent.
Select Amazon SSM Agent, and then choose Action, Properties.
On the General tab, for Startup type, choose Disabled.
Choose OK.

To configure SSL/TLS for Windows, see How to Enable TLS 1.2 in the Microsoft Windows documentation.

There can be only one WorkSpaces user profile (D:\Users\username) on the WorkSpace that you're using to create images. Delete any user profiles that don't belong to the intended user of the WorkSpace.

For image creation to work, your WorkSpace can have only three user profiles on it:

The user profile of the intended user of the WorkSpace (D:\Users\username)
The default user profile (also known as Default Profile)
The Administrator user profile

If there are additional user profiles, you can delete them through the advanced system properties in the Windows Control Panel.

To delete a user profile

To access the advanced system properties, do one of the following:
- Press the Windows key+Pause Break, and then choose Advanced system settings in the left pane of the Control Panel > System and Security > System dialog box.
- In the Windows search box, enter control panel. In the Control Panel, choose System and Security, then choose System, and then choose Advanced system settings in the left pane of the Control Panel > System and Security > System dialog box.
In the System Properties dialog box, on the Advanced tab, choose Settings under User Profiles.
If any profile is listed other than the Administrator profile, the Default Profile, and the profile of the intended WorkSpaces user, select that additional profile and choose Delete.
When asked if you want to delete the profile, choose Yes.
If necessary, repeat Steps 3 and 4 to remove any other profiles that don't belong on the WorkSpace.
Choose OK twice and close the Control Panel.
Restart the WorkSpace.

One or more AppX packages are in a staged state. This might cause a Sysprep error during image creation.

To remove all staged AppX packages

In the Windows search box, enter powershell. Choose Run as Administrator.
When asked "Do you want to allow this app to make changes to your device?", choose Yes.

In the Windows PowerShell window, enter the following commands to list all staged AppX packages, and press Enter after each one.


$workSpaceUserName = $env:username


$allAppxPackages = Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers


$packages = $allAppxPackages |    Where-Object { `
                                (($_.PackageUserInformation -like "*S-1-5-18*" -and !($_.PackageUserInformation -like "*$workSpaceUserName*")) -and `
                                ($_.PackageUserInformation -like "*Staged*" -or $_.PackageUserInformation -like "*Installed*")) -or `
                                ((!($_.PackageUserInformation -like "*S-1-5-18*") -and $_.PackageUserInformation -like "*$workSpaceUserName*") -and `
                                $_.PackageUserInformation -like "*Staged*")
                                }

Enter the following command to remove all staged AppX packages, and press Enter.
```
$packages | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
```
Run the Image Checker again. If this test still fails, enter the following commands to remove all AppX packages, and press Enter after each one.
```
Get-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online | Remove-AppxProvisionedPackage -Online -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
```
```
Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Remove-AppxPackage -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
```

Image creation is not supported on Windows systems that have been upgraded from one version of Windows 10 to a newer version of Windows 10 (a Windows feature/version upgrade).

To create images, use a WorkSpace that has not undergone a Windows feature/version upgrade.

The rearm feature allows you to extend the activation period for the trial version of Windows. The Create Image process requires that the rearm count be a value other than 0.

To check the Windows rearm count

On the Windows Start menu, choose Windows System, then choose Command Prompt.
In the Command Prompt window, enter the following command, and then press Enter.

cscript C:\Windows\System32\slmgr.vbs /dlv

To reset the rearm count to a value other than 0, see Sysprep (Generalize) a Windows installation in the Microsoft Windows documentation.

Other troubleshooting tips

If your WorkSpace passes all of the tests run by the Image Checker, but you are still unable to create an image from the WorkSpace, check for the following issues:

Make sure that the WorkSpace isn't assigned to a user within a Domain Guests group. To check if there are any domain accounts, run the following PowerShell command.
```
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Service | Where-Object { $_.StartName -like "*$env:USERDOMAIN*" }
```
Some Group Policy Objects (GPOs) restrict access to the RDP certificate thumbprint when it is requested by the EC2Config service or the EC2Launch scripts during Windows instance configuration. Before you try to create an image, move the WorkSpace to a new organizational unit (OU) with blocked inheritance and no GPOs applied.
Make sure that the Windows Remote Management (WinRM) service is configured to start automatically. Do the following:
1. In the Windows search box, enter services.msc to open the Windows Services Manager.
2. In the Name column, find Windows Remote Management (WS-Management).
3. Select Windows Remote Management (WS-Management), and then choose Action, Properties.
4. On the General tab, for Startup type, choose Automatic.
5. Choose OK.

Step 3: Create a custom image and custom bundle

After you have validated your WorkSpace image, complete the following procedure to create your custom image and custom bundle using the WorkSpaces console. To create an image programmatically, use the CreateWorkspaceImage API action. For more information, see CreateWorkspaceImage in the Amazon WorkSpaces API Reference. To create a bundle programmatically, use the CreateWorkspaceBundle API action. For more information, see CreateWorkspaceBundle in the Amazon WorkSpaces API Reference.

To create a custom image and custom bundle using the WorkSpaces console

If you are still connected to the WorkSpace, disconnect by choosing Amazon WorkSpaces and Disconnect in the WorkSpaces client application.
Open the WorkSpaces console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/workspaces/.
In the navigation pane, choose WorkSpaces.
Select the WorkSpace to open its details page and choose Create image. If the status of the WorkSpace is Stopped, you must start it first (choose Actions, Start WorkSpaces) before you can choose Actions, Create Image.
A message displays, prompting you to reboot (restart) your WorkSpace before continuing. Rebooting your WorkSpace updates your Amazon WorkSpaces software to the latest version.

Reboot your WorkSpace by closing the message and following the steps in Reboot a WorkSpace in WorkSpaces Personal. When you're done, repeat Step 4 of this procedure, but this time choose Next when the reboot message appears. To create an image, the status of the WorkSpace must be Available and its modification state must be None.
Enter an image name and a description that will help you identify the image, and then choose Create Image. While the image is being created, the status of the WorkSpace is Suspended and the WorkSpace is unavailable.

Don't use a dash (-) special character in the description. It will cause an error.
In the navigation pane, choose Images. The image is complete when the status of the WorkSpace changes to Available (this can take up to 45 minutes).
Select the image and choose Actions, Create bundle.
Enter a bundle name and a description, and then do the following:
- For Bundle hardware type, choose the hardware to use when launching WorkSpaces from this custom bundle.
- The default available size combinations for the root volume is 200 GB per WorkSpace.
To confirm that your bundle has been created, choose Bundles and verify that the bundle is listed.

What's included with Windows WorkSpaces custom images

When you create an image from a Windows WorkSpace, the entire contents of the C drive are included.

Contacts
Downloads
Music
Pictures
Saved games
Videos
Podcasts
Virtual machines
.virtualbox
Tracing
appdata\local\temp
appdata\roaming\apple computer\mobilesync\
appdata\roaming\apple computer\logs\
appdata\roaming\apple computer\itunes\iphone software updates\
appdata\roaming\macromedia\flash player\macromedia.com\support\flashplayer\sys\
appdata\roaming\macromedia\flash player\#sharedobjects\
appdata\roaming\adobe\flash player\assetcache\
appdata\roaming\microsoft\windows\recent\
appdata\roaming\microsoft\office\recent\
appdata\roaming\microsoft office\live meeting
appdata\roaming\microsoft shared\livemeeting shared\
appdata\roaming\mozilla\firefox\crash reports\
appdata\roaming\mcafee\common framework\
appdata\local\microsoft\feeds cache
appdata\local\microsoft\windows\temporary internet files\
appdata\local\microsoft\windows\history\
appdata\local\microsoft\internet explorer\domstore\
appdata\local\microsoft\internet explorer\imagestore\
appdata\locallow\microsoft\internet explorer\iconcache\
appdata\locallow\microsoft\internet explorer\domstore\
appdata\locallow\microsoft\internet explorer\imagestore\
appdata\local\microsoft\internet explorer\recovery\
appdata\local\mozilla\firefox\profiles\

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Document Conventions

Bundles options

Manage custom images and bundles

Create a custom image and bundle for WorkSpaces Pools

Important

Contents

Requirements to create Windows custom images

Note

Best practices

(Optional) Step 1: Specify a custom computer name format for your image

Step 2: Run the Image Checker

Important

To run the Image Checker

Tips for resolving issues detected by the Image Checker

Important

To run services under a local account

To set all network adapters to use DHCP

To enable Remote Desktop Services

To configure your environment variable path

Tip

To enable the Windows Modules Installer service

To disable the Amazon SSM Agent service

To delete a user profile

To remove all staged AppX packages

To check the Windows rearm count

Other troubleshooting tips

Step 3: Create a custom image and custom bundle

To create a custom image and custom bundle using the WorkSpaces console

What's included with Windows WorkSpaces custom images