本文属于机器翻译版本。若本译文内容与英语原文存在差异，则一律以英文原文为准。 # 使用 Java 和 Amazon S3 管理大型 Amazon SQS 消息 使用[适用于 Java 的 Amazon SQS 扩展型客户端库](https://github.com/awslabs/amazon-sqs-java-extended-client-lib)和 Amazon S3 来管理大型 Amazon SQS 消息，尤其是有效载荷在 256 KB 到 2 GB 之间的消息。该库将消息有效载荷存储到 Amazon S3 存储桶中，并将包含对已存储对象的引用的消息发送到 Amazon SQS 队列。 借助适用于 Java 的 Amazon SQS 扩展型客户端库，您可以执行以下操作： + 指定消息是始终存储在 Amazon S3 中还是仅在其大小超过 256 KB 时存储在 Amazon S3 中。 + 发送引用存储在 S3 存储桶中的单个消息对象的消息 + 从 Amazon S3 存储桶检索消息对象 + 从 Amazon S3 存储桶中删除消息对象 ## 先决条件 以下示例使用的是 AWS Java 开发工具包。要安装和设置开发工具包，请参阅 *适用于 Java 的 AWS SDK 开发人员指南*中的[设置 AWS SDK for Java](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-java/latest/developer-guide/setup-install.html)。 运行示例代码之前，请配置您的 AWS 凭证。有关更多信息，请参阅《适用于 Java 的 AWS SDK 开发人员指南》**中的[设置 AWS 凭据和开发区域](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-java/latest/developer-guide/setup.html#setup-credentials)。 [适用于 Java 的 SDK](https://aws.amazon.com/sdkforjava/) 和适用于 Java 的 Amazon SQS 扩展型客户端库需要使用 J2SE Development Kit 8.0 或更高版本。 **注意** 您可以通过适用于 Java 的 Amazon SQS 扩展型客户端库，*仅*利用 Amazon S3 与适用于 Java 的 AWS SDK 来管理 Amazon SQS 消息。您无法使用 AWS CLI、Amazon SQS 控制台、Amazon SQS HTTP API 或任何其他 AWS SDK，执行此操作。 ## AWS SDK for Java 2.x 示例：使用 Amazon S3 管理大型 Amazon SQS 消息 以下适用于 Java 2.x 的 SDK 示例使用适用于 Java 的扩展型客户端库来处理大型消息。在构造函数中，以下代码： + 创建了具有随机名称的 Amazon S3 存储桶 + 创建了以 `MyQueue` 开头的 SQS 队列 + 在 `AmazonSQSExtendedClient` 的实例中封装了标准 Java SDK Amazon S3 客户端 在 `sendAnReceiveMessage` 方法中，该示例会发送一条存储在 Amazon S3 存储桶中的随机消息，因为该消息大小超过 256 KB（标准最大消息大小）。最后，该方法会检索消息并将其相关信息显示到控制台。 您可以在 [https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples/blob/94d1b24df12deda0f4fd91433b8231fed6d18b85/javav2/example_code/sqs/src/main/java/com/example/sqs/SqsExtendedClientExample.java#L1](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples/blob/94d1b24df12deda0f4fd91433b8231fed6d18b85/javav2/example_code/sqs/src/main/java/com/example/sqs/SqsExtendedClientExample.java#L1) 中查看完整示例。 ``` /* * Copyright 2010-2024 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"). * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * A copy of the License is located at * * https://aws.amazon.com/apache2.0 * * or in the "license" file accompanying this file. This file is distributed * on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either * express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing * permissions and limitations under the License. * */ import com.amazon.sqs.javamessaging.AmazonSQSExtendedClient; import com.amazon.sqs.javamessaging.ExtendedClientConfiguration; import org.joda.time.DateTime; import org.joda.time.format.DateTimeFormat; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.S3Client; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.BucketLifecycleConfiguration; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.CreateBucketRequest; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.DeleteBucketRequest; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.DeleteObjectRequest; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.ExpirationStatus; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.LifecycleExpiration; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.LifecycleRule; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.LifecycleRuleFilter; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.ListObjectVersionsRequest; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.ListObjectVersionsResponse; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.ListObjectsV2Request; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.ListObjectsV2Response; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.PutBucketLifecycleConfigurationRequest; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.SqsClient; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.CreateQueueRequest; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.CreateQueueResponse; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.DeleteMessageRequest; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.DeleteQueueRequest; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.Message; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.ReceiveMessageRequest; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.ReceiveMessageResponse; import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.SendMessageRequest; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import java.util.UUID; /** * Examples of using Amazon SQS Extended Client Library for Java 2.x * */ public class SqsExtendedClientExamples { // Create an Amazon S3 bucket with a random name. private final static String amzn-s3-demo-bucket = UUID.randomUUID() + "-" + DateTimeFormat.forPattern("yyMMdd-hhmmss").print(new DateTime()); public static void main(String[] args) { /* * Create a new instance of the builder with all defaults (credentials * and region) set automatically. For more information, see * Creating Service Clients in the AWS SDK for Java Developer Guide. */ final S3Client s3 = S3Client.create(); /* * Set the Amazon S3 bucket name, and then set a lifecycle rule on the * bucket to permanently delete objects 14 days after each object's * creation date. */ final LifecycleRule lifeCycleRule = LifecycleRule.builder() .expiration(LifecycleExpiration.builder().days(14).build()) .filter(LifecycleRuleFilter.builder().prefix("").build()) .status(ExpirationStatus.ENABLED) .build(); final BucketLifecycleConfiguration lifecycleConfig = BucketLifecycleConfiguration.builder() .rules(lifeCycleRule) .build(); // Create the bucket and configure it s3.createBucket(CreateBucketRequest.builder().bucket(amzn-s3-demo-bucket).build()); s3.putBucketLifecycleConfiguration(PutBucketLifecycleConfigurationRequest.builder() .bucket(amzn-s3-demo-bucket) .lifecycleConfiguration(lifecycleConfig) .build()); System.out.println("Bucket created and configured."); // Set the Amazon SQS extended client configuration with large payload support enabled final ExtendedClientConfiguration extendedClientConfig = new ExtendedClientConfiguration().withPayloadSupportEnabled(s3, amzn-s3-demo-bucket); final SqsClient sqsExtended = new AmazonSQSExtendedClient(SqsClient.builder().build(), extendedClientConfig); // Create a long string of characters for the message object int stringLength = 300000; char[] chars = new char[stringLength]; Arrays.fill(chars, 'x'); final String myLongString = new String(chars); // Create a message queue for this example final String queueName = "MyQueue-" + UUID.randomUUID(); final CreateQueueResponse createQueueResponse = sqsExtended.createQueue(CreateQueueRequest.builder().queueName(queueName).build()); final String myQueueUrl = createQueueResponse.queueUrl(); System.out.println("Queue created."); // Send the message final SendMessageRequest sendMessageRequest = SendMessageRequest.builder() .queueUrl(myQueueUrl) .messageBody(myLongString) .build(); sqsExtended.sendMessage(sendMessageRequest); System.out.println("Sent the message."); // Receive the message final ReceiveMessageResponse receiveMessageResponse = sqsExtended.receiveMessage(ReceiveMessageRequest.builder().queueUrl(myQueueUrl).build()); List messages = receiveMessageResponse.messages(); // Print information about the message for (Message message : messages) { System.out.println("\nMessage received."); System.out.println(" ID: " + message.messageId()); System.out.println(" Receipt handle: " + message.receiptHandle()); System.out.println(" Message body (first 5 characters): " + message.body().substring(0, 5)); } // Delete the message, the queue, and the bucket final String messageReceiptHandle = messages.get(0).receiptHandle(); sqsExtended.deleteMessage(DeleteMessageRequest.builder().queueUrl(myQueueUrl).receiptHandle(messageReceiptHandle).build()); System.out.println("Deleted the message."); sqsExtended.deleteQueue(DeleteQueueRequest.builder().queueUrl(myQueueUrl).build()); System.out.println("Deleted the queue."); deleteBucketAndAllContents(s3); System.out.println("Deleted the bucket."); } private static void deleteBucketAndAllContents(S3Client client) { ListObjectsV2Response listObjectsResponse = client.listObjectsV2(ListObjectsV2Request.builder().bucket(amzn-s3-demo-bucket).build()); listObjectsResponse.contents().forEach(object -> { client.deleteObject(DeleteObjectRequest.builder().bucket(amzn-s3-demo-bucket).key(object.key()).build()); }); ListObjectVersionsResponse listVersionsResponse = client.listObjectVersions(ListObjectVersionsRequest.builder().bucket(amzn-s3-demo-bucket).build()); listVersionsResponse.versions().forEach(version -> { client.deleteObject(DeleteObjectRequest.builder().bucket(amzn-s3-demo-bucket).key(version.key()).versionId(version.versionId()).build()); }); client.deleteBucket(DeleteBucketRequest.builder().bucket(amzn-s3-demo-bucket).build()); } } ``` 您可以[使用 Apache Maven](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-java/v1/developer-guide/setup-project-maven.html) 配置和构建适用于 Java 项目的 Amazon SQS 扩展型客户端或构建 SDK 本身。指定您的应用程序中使用的 SDK 的各个模块。 ``` 2.20.153 software.amazon.awssdk sqs ${aws-java-sdk.version} software.amazon.awssdk s3 ${aws-java-sdk.version} com.amazonaws amazon-sqs-java-extended-client-lib 2.0.4 joda-time joda-time 2.12.6 ```