示例 EXCEPT 查询

数据库中的 CATEGORY 表包含以下 11 行：

 catid | catgroup |  catname  |                  catdesc
-------+----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------
   1   | Sports   | MLB       | Major League Baseball
   2   | Sports   | NHL       | National Hockey League
   3   | Sports   | NFL       | National Football League
   4   | Sports   | NBA       | National Basketball Association
   5   | Sports   | MLS       | Major League Soccer
   6   | Shows    | Musicals  | Musical theatre
   7   | Shows    | Plays     | All non-musical theatre
   8   | Shows    | Opera     | All opera and light opera
   9   | Concerts | Pop       | All rock and pop music concerts
  10   | Concerts | Jazz      | All jazz singers and bands
  11   | Concerts | Classical | All symphony, concerto, and choir concerts
(11 rows)

假定 CATEGORY_STAGE 表（临时表）包含一个额外行：

 catid | catgroup |  catname  |                  catdesc
-------+----------+-----------+--------------------------------------------
   1   | Sports   | MLB       | Major League Baseball
   2   | Sports   | NHL       | National Hockey League
   3   | Sports   | NFL       | National Football League
   4   | Sports   | NBA       | National Basketball Association
   5   | Sports   | MLS       | Major League Soccer
   6   | Shows    | Musicals  | Musical theatre
   7   | Shows    | Plays     | All non-musical theatre
   8   | Shows    | Opera     | All opera and light opera
   9   | Concerts | Pop       | All rock and pop music concerts
  10   | Concerts | Jazz      | All jazz singers and bands
  11   | Concerts | Classical | All symphony, concerto, and choir concerts
  12   | Concerts | Comedy    | All stand up comedy performances
(12 rows)

返回两个表之间的差异。换而言之，返回 CATEGORY_STAGE 表中存在但 CATEGORY 表中不存在的行：

select * from category_stage
except
select * from category;

catid | catgroup | catname |             catdesc
-------+----------+---------+----------------------------------
  12  | Concerts | Comedy  | All stand up comedy performances
(1 row)

以下等效查询使用同义词 MINUS。

select * from category_stage
minus
select * from category;

catid | catgroup | catname |             catdesc
-------+----------+---------+----------------------------------
  12  | Concerts | Comedy  | All stand up comedy performances
(1 row)

如果反转 SELECT 表达式的顺序，则查询不返回任何行。