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# \$1type
<a name="type-aggregation"></a>

`$type`聚合运算符返回指定字段的 BSON 数据类型。这对于在聚合操作期间识别字段值的数据类型非常有用。

**参数**
+ `expression`：要返回其类型的字段或表达式。

## 示例（MongoDB 外壳）
<a name="type-aggregation-examples"></a>

以下示例演示如何使用`$type`运算符来识别每种产品的价格字段的数据类型。

**创建示例文档**

```
db.inventory.insertMany([
  { _id: 1, item: "Notebook", price: 15.99 },
  { _id: 2, item: "Pen", price: "2.50" },
  { _id: 3, item: "Eraser", price: 1 },
  { _id: 4, item: "Ruler", price: null }
]);
```

**查询示例**

```
db.inventory.aggregate([
  {
    $project: {
      item: 1,
      price: 1,
      priceType: { $type: "$price" }
    }
  }
]);
```

**输出**

```
[
  { _id: 1, item: 'Notebook', price: 15.99, priceType: 'double' },
  { _id: 2, item: 'Pen', price: '2.50', priceType: 'string' },
  { _id: 3, item: 'Eraser', price: 1, priceType: 'int' },
  { _id: 4, item: 'Ruler', price: null, priceType: 'null' }
]
```

## 代码示例
<a name="type-aggregation-code"></a>

要查看使用`$type`聚合运算符的代码示例，请选择要使用的语言的选项卡：

------
#### [ Node.js ]

```
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');

async function example() {
  const client = await MongoClient.connect('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false');
  const db = client.db('test');
  const collection = db.collection('inventory');

  const result = await collection.aggregate([
    {
      $project: {
        item: 1,
        price: 1,
        priceType: { $type: "$price" }
      }
    }
  ]).toArray();

  console.log(result);
  await client.close();
}

example();
```

------
#### [ Python ]

```
from pymongo import MongoClient

def example():
    client = MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false')
    db = client['test']
    collection = db['inventory']

    result = list(collection.aggregate([
        {
            '$project': {
                'item': 1,
                'price': 1,
                'priceType': { '$type': '$price' }
            }
        }
    ]))

    print(result)
    client.close()

example()
```

------