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$百分位数 - Amazon DocumentDB

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$百分位数

8.0.1 版中的新增内容。

Amazon DocumentDB 中的$percentile运算符为数字数据计算指定的百分位值。作为累加器,它在聚合管道$group阶段计算组内文档的百分位数值。作为表达式,它计算数字数组的百分位数。

参数

  • input:解析为数值或数值数组的表达式。

  • p:介于 0 和 1 之间的百分位数值的数组,其中每个值代表要计算的百分位数。例如,[0.25, 0.5, 0.75]计算第 25、50 和 75 个百分位数。

  • method:一个指定计算方法的字符串。目前仅支持 "approximate"

行为

"approximate"方法使用 t-digest 算法来计算基于百分位数的近似指标。对于小型数据集,不同的百分位数值可能会解析为相同的结果。例如,如果每组只有 5 个值,则 p90 和 p99 都可能返回该组中的最大值。随着数据点数量的增加,精度也会提高。

示例(MongoDB Shell)

以下示例说明如何使用$percentile运算符计算每个班级分数的第 25 和第 75 个百分位数。

创建示例文档

db.students.insertMany([ { class: "A", score: 72 }, { class: "A", score: 85 }, { class: "A", score: 90 }, { class: "A", score: 68 }, { class: "A", score: 95 }, { class: "B", score: 80 }, { class: "B", score: 75 }, { class: "B", score: 92 }, { class: "B", score: 88 }, { class: "B", score: 70 } ]);

查询示例

db.students.aggregate([ { $group: { _id: "$class", percentiles: { $percentile: { input: "$score", p: [0.25, 0.75], method: "approximate" } } }} ]);

输出

[ { "_id": "A", "percentiles": [72, 90] }, { "_id": "B", "percentiles": [75, 88] } ]

表达式用法示例(MongoDB Shell)

$percentile运算符还可用作$project阶段内的表达式来计算数组字段的百分位数。

创建示例文档

db.surveys.insertMany([ { _id: 1, responses: [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20] }, { _id: 2, responses: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19] } ]);

查询示例

db.surveys.aggregate([ { $project: { quartiles: { $percentile: { input: "$responses", p: [0.25, 0.5, 0.75], method: "approximate" } } }} ]);

输出

[ { "_id": 1, "quartiles": [6, 10, 16] }, { "_id": 2, "quartiles": [5, 9, 15] } ]

代码示例

要查看使用$percentile运算符的代码示例,请选择要使用的语言的选项卡。以下示例显示了累加器的用法(输入$group)和表达式用法(中$project):

Node.js
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb'); async function example() { const uri = 'mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false'; const client = new MongoClient(uri); try { await client.connect(); const db = client.db('test'); // Accumulator usage: percentiles across grouped documents const students = db.collection('students'); const accumulatorResult = await students.aggregate([ { $group: { _id: "$class", percentiles: { $percentile: { input: "$score", p: [0.25, 0.75], method: "approximate" } } }} ]).toArray(); console.log('Accumulator result:', accumulatorResult); // Expression usage: percentiles of an array field const surveys = db.collection('surveys'); const expressionResult = await surveys.aggregate([ { $project: { quartiles: { $percentile: { input: "$responses", p: [0.25, 0.5, 0.75], method: "approximate" } } }} ]).toArray(); console.log('Expression result:', expressionResult); } finally { await client.close(); } } example();
Python
from pymongo import MongoClient def example(): client = MongoClient('mongodb://<username>:<password>@<cluster-endpoint>:27017/?tls=true&tlsCAFile=global-bundle.pem&replicaSet=rs0&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&retryWrites=false') try: db = client['test'] # Accumulator usage: percentiles across grouped documents students = db['students'] accumulator_result = list(students.aggregate([ { '$group': { '_id': '$class', 'percentiles': { '$percentile': { 'input': '$score', 'p': [0.25, 0.75], 'method': 'approximate' } } }} ])) print('Accumulator result:', accumulator_result) # Expression usage: percentiles of an array field surveys = db['surveys'] expression_result = list(surveys.aggregate([ { '$project': { 'quartiles': { '$percentile': { 'input': '$responses', 'p': [0.25, 0.5, 0.75], 'method': 'approximate' } } }} ])) print('Expression result:', expression_result) finally: client.close() example()