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# 发送、接收和删除 Amazon Simple Queue Service 消息
<a name="examples-sqs-messages"></a>

消息是可由分布式组件发送和接收的一段数据。始终使用 [SQS 队列](examples-sqs-message-queues.md)发送消息。

以下示例中使用的 `sqsClient` 变量可以通过以下代码段创建。

```
SqsClient sqsClient = SqsClient.create();
```

使用静态 `create()` 方法创建 `SqsClient` 时，SDK 使用[默认区域提供程序链](region-selection.md#default-region-provider-chain)配置区域，使用[默认凭证提供程序链](credentials-chain.md)配置凭证。

## 发送消息
<a name="sqs-message-send"></a>

通过调用 SqsClient 客户端`sendMessage`方法向 Amazon Simple Queue Service 队列中添加一条消息。提供一个包含队列的 [URL](examples-sqs-message-queues.md#sqs-get-queue-url)、消息正文和可选延迟值（以秒为单位）的[SendMessageRequest](https://sdk.amazonaws.com/java/api/latest/software/amazon/awssdk/services/sqs/model/SendMessageRequest.html)对象。

 **导入** 

```
import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.SqsClient;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.*;
import java.util.List;
```

 **代码** 

```
            sqsClient.sendMessage(SendMessageRequest.builder()
                .queueUrl(queueUrl)
                .messageBody("Hello world!")
                .delaySeconds(10)
                .build());

            sqsClient.sendMessage(sendMsgRequest);
```

## 在一个请求中发送多条消息
<a name="sqs-messages-send-multiple"></a>

通过使用 SqsClient `sendMessageBatch` 方法，在单个请求中发送多条消息。此方法采用[SendMessageBatchRequest](https://sdk.amazonaws.com/java/api/latest/software/amazon/awssdk/services/sqs/model/SendMessageBatchRequest.html)包含队列 URL 和要发送的消息列表的。（每条消息都是[SendMessageBatchRequestEntry](https://sdk.amazonaws.com/java/api/latest/software/amazon/awssdk/services/sqs/model/SendMessageBatchRequestEntry.html)。） 您也可以通过设置消息上的延迟值来延迟发送特定消息。

 **导入** 

```
import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.SqsClient;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.*;
import java.util.List;
```

 **代码** 

```
            SendMessageBatchRequest sendMessageBatchRequest = SendMessageBatchRequest.builder()
                .queueUrl(queueUrl)
                .entries(SendMessageBatchRequestEntry.builder().id("id1").messageBody("Hello from msg 1").build(),
                        SendMessageBatchRequestEntry.builder().id("id2").messageBody("msg 2").delaySeconds(10).build())
                .build();
            sqsClient.sendMessageBatch(sendMessageBatchRequest);
```

请查看上[面的完整示例](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples/blob/cf25559da654a7b74bec039c0ab9397dc5951dd4/javav2/example_code/sqs/src/main/java/com/example/sqs/SQSExample.java#L133) GitHub。

## 检索消息
<a name="sqs-messages-receive"></a>

通过调用 SqsClient `receiveMessage` 方法，检索当前位于队列中的任何消息。此方法采用[ReceiveMessageRequest](https://sdk.amazonaws.com/java/api/latest/software/amazon/awssdk/services/sqs/model/ReceiveMessageRequest.html)包含队列 URL 的。您也可以指定要返回的消息的最大数量。消息将作为一系列 [Message](https://sdk.amazonaws.com/java/api/latest/software/amazon/awssdk/services/sqs/model/Message.html) 对象返回。

 **导入** 

```
import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.SqsClient;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.*;
import java.util.List;
```

 **代码** 

```
        try {
            ReceiveMessageRequest receiveMessageRequest = ReceiveMessageRequest.builder()
                .queueUrl(queueUrl)
                .maxNumberOfMessages(5)
                .build();
            List<Message> messages = sqsClient.receiveMessage(receiveMessageRequest).messages();
            return messages;
        } catch (SqsException e) {
            System.err.println(e.awsErrorDetails().errorMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
        return null;
```

请查看上[面的完整示例](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples/blob/cf25559da654a7b74bec039c0ab9397dc5951dd4/javav2/example_code/sqs/src/main/java/com/example/sqs/SQSExample.java#L148) GitHub。

## 收到后删除消息
<a name="sqs-messages-delete"></a>

在收到消息并处理其内容后，可通过将消息的接收句柄和队列 URL 发送到 `SqsClient's` [https://sdk.amazonaws.com/java/api/latest/software/amazon/awssdk/services/sqs/SqsClient.html#deleteMessage(software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.DeleteMessageRequest)](https://sdk.amazonaws.com/java/api/latest/software/amazon/awssdk/services/sqs/SqsClient.html#deleteMessage(software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.DeleteMessageRequest)) 方法，以便从队列中删除消息。

 **导入** 

```
import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.SqsClient;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.sqs.model.*;
import java.util.List;
```

 **代码** 

```
        try {
            for (Message message : messages) {
                DeleteMessageRequest deleteMessageRequest = DeleteMessageRequest.builder()
                        .queueUrl(queueUrl)
                        .receiptHandle(message.receiptHandle())
                        .build();
                sqsClient.deleteMessage(deleteMessageRequest);
            }
```

请查看上[面的完整示例](https://github.com/awsdocs/aws-doc-sdk-examples/blob/cf25559da654a7b74bec039c0ab9397dc5951dd4/javav2/example_code/sqs/src/main/java/com/example/sqs/SQSExample.java#L187) GitHub。

## 更多信息
<a name="more-info"></a>
+  《 Amazon Simple Queue Service 开发者指南》中的@@ [Amazon Simple Queue Service 队列工作原](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSSimpleQueueService/latest/SQSDeveloperGuide/sqs-basic-architecture.html)理
+  [SendMessage](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSSimpleQueueService/latest/APIReference/API_SendMessage.html)在 Amazon Simple Queue Service API 参考中
+  [SendMessageBatch](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSSimpleQueueService/latest/APIReference/API_SendMessageBatch.html)在 Amazon Simple Queue Service API 参考中
+  [ReceiveMessage](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSSimpleQueueService/latest/APIReference/API_ReceiveMessage.html)在 Amazon Simple Queue Service API 参考中
+  [DeleteMessage](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSSimpleQueueService/latest/APIReference/API_DeleteMessage.html)在 Amazon Simple Queue Service API 参考中