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使用 驗證 IAM

概觀

使用IAM身分驗證時，當您的快取設定為使用 Valkey 或 Redis AWS IAM 第 OSS 7 OSS版或更新版本時，您可以使用身分驗證 ElastiCache 與 Valkey 或 Redis 的連線。這可讓您強化安全模型，並簡化許多管理安全任務。您也可以使用IAM身分驗證來設定每個個別 ElastiCache 快取和 ElastiCache 使用者的精細存取控制，並遵循最低權限許可原則。IAM ElastiCache 使用 Valkey 或 Redis 進行身分驗證OSS的運作方式是提供短期IAM身分驗證權杖，而不是在 Valkey 或 Redis OSSAUTH或 HELLO命令中提供長期 ElastiCache 使用者密碼。如需有關IAM身分驗證權杖的詳細資訊，請參閱 AWS 一般參考指南中的簽章第 4 版簽署程序，以及下列程式碼範例。

您可以使用身分及其相關政策來進一步限制 Valkey IAM 或 Redis OSS的存取。您也可以將使用者從聯合身分提供者直接授予 Valkey 或 Redis OSS快取的存取權。

若要搭配 使用 AWS IAM ElastiCache，您必須先建立身分驗證模式設定為 ElastiCache 的使用者IAM。然後，您可以建立或重複使用IAM身分。IAM 身分需要相關聯的政策，才能將elasticache:Connect動作授予 ElastiCache 快取和 ElastiCache 使用者。設定完成後，您可以使用IAM使用者或角色的 AWS 憑證建立IAM身分驗證權杖。最後，您需要在連線至快取時，在 Valkey 或 Redis OSS用戶端中提供短期IAM身分驗證字符作為密碼。支援憑證提供者的 Valkey 或 Redis OSS用戶端可以為每個新連線自動產生臨時憑證。 ElastiCache 將對IAM已啟用 ElastiCache 之使用者的連線請求執行IAM身分驗證，並將使用 驗證連線請求IAM。

限制

使用IAM身分驗證時，適用下列限制：

設定

若要設定IAM身分驗證：

連接

以字符做為密碼進行連線

首先，您需要使用 AWS SigV4 預先簽署的請求 產生短期IAM身分驗證權杖。在此之後，您在連線至 Valkey 或 Redis OSS快取時，以密碼形式提供IAM身分驗證權杖，如以下範例所示。

String userId = "insert user id";
String cacheName = "insert cache name";
boolean isServerless = true;
String region = "insert region";

// Create a default AWS Credentials provider.
// This will look for AWS credentials defined in environment variables or system properties.
AWSCredentialsProvider awsCredentialsProvider = new DefaultAWSCredentialsProviderChain();

// Create an IAM authentication token request and signed it using the AWS credentials.
// The pre-signed request URL is used as an IAM authentication token for ElastiCache (Redis OSS).
IAMAuthTokenRequest iamAuthTokenRequest = new IAMAuthTokenRequest(userId, cacheName, region, isServerless);
String iamAuthToken = iamAuthTokenRequest.toSignedRequestUri(awsCredentialsProvider.getCredentials());

// Construct Redis OSS URL with IAM Auth credentials provider
RedisURI redisURI = RedisURI.builder()
    .withHost(host)
    .withPort(port)
    .withSsl(ssl)
    .withAuthentication(userId, iamAuthToken)
    .build();

// Create a new Lettuce Redis OSS client
RedisClient client = RedisClient.create(redisURI);
client.connect();

以下是 IAMAuthTokenRequest 的定義。

public class IAMAuthTokenRequest {
    private static final HttpMethodName REQUEST_METHOD = HttpMethodName.GET;
    private static final String REQUEST_PROTOCOL = "http://";
    private static final String PARAM_ACTION = "Action";
    private static final String PARAM_USER = "User";
    private static final String PARAM_RESOURCE_TYPE = "ResourceType";
    private static final String RESOURCE_TYPE_SERVERLESS_CACHE = "ServerlessCache";
    private static final String ACTION_NAME = "connect";
    private static final String SERVICE_NAME = "elasticache";
    private static final long TOKEN_EXPIRY_SECONDS = 900;

    private final String userId;
    private final String cacheName;
    private final String region;
    private final boolean isServerless;

    public IAMAuthTokenRequest(String userId, String cacheName, String region, boolean isServerless) {
        this.userId = userId;
        this.cacheName = cacheName;
        this.region = region;
        this.isServerless = isServerless;
    }

    public String toSignedRequestUri(AWSCredentials credentials) throws URISyntaxException {
        Request<Void> request = getSignableRequest();
        sign(request, credentials);
        return new URIBuilder(request.getEndpoint())
            .addParameters(toNamedValuePair(request.getParameters()))
            .build()
            .toString()
            .replace(REQUEST_PROTOCOL, "");
    }

    private <T> Request<T> getSignableRequest() {
        Request<T> request  = new DefaultRequest<>(SERVICE_NAME);
        request.setHttpMethod(REQUEST_METHOD);
        request.setEndpoint(getRequestUri());
        request.addParameters(PARAM_ACTION, Collections.singletonList(ACTION_NAME));
        request.addParameters(PARAM_USER, Collections.singletonList(userId));
        if (isServerless) {
            request.addParameters(PARAM_RESOURCE_TYPE, Collections.singletonList(RESOURCE_TYPE_SERVERLESS_CACHE));
        }
        return request;
    }

    private URI getRequestUri() {
        return URI.create(String.format("%s%s/", REQUEST_PROTOCOL, cacheName));
    }

    private <T> void sign(SignableRequest<T> request, AWSCredentials credentials) {
        AWS4Signer signer = new AWS4Signer();
        signer.setRegionName(region);
        signer.setServiceName(SERVICE_NAME);

        DateTime dateTime = DateTime.now();
        dateTime = dateTime.plus(Duration.standardSeconds(TOKEN_EXPIRY_SECONDS));

        signer.presignRequest(request, credentials, dateTime.toDate());
    }

    private static List<NameValuePair> toNamedValuePair(Map<String, List<String>> in) {
        return in.entrySet().stream()
            .map(e -> new BasicNameValuePair(e.getKey(), e.getValue().get(0)))
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }
}

使用憑證提供者進行連線

下列程式碼說明如何 ElastiCache 使用身分驗證憑證提供者進行IAM身分驗證。

String userId = "insert user id";
String cacheName = "insert cache name";
boolean isServerless = true;
String region = "insert region";

// Create a default AWS Credentials provider.
// This will look for AWS credentials defined in environment variables or system properties.
AWSCredentialsProvider awsCredentialsProvider = new DefaultAWSCredentialsProviderChain();

// Create an IAM authentication token request. Once this request is signed it can be used as an
// IAM authentication token for ElastiCache (Redis OSS).
IAMAuthTokenRequest iamAuthTokenRequest = new IAMAuthTokenRequest(userId, cacheName, region, isServerless);

// Create a Redis OSS credentials provider using IAM credentials.
RedisCredentialsProvider redisCredentialsProvider = new RedisIAMAuthCredentialsProvider(
    userId, iamAuthTokenRequest, awsCredentialsProvider);
    
// Construct Redis OSS URL with IAM Auth credentials provider
RedisURI redisURI = RedisURI.builder()
    .withHost(host)
    .withPort(port)
    .withSsl(ssl)
    .withAuthentication(redisCredentialsProvider)
    .build();

// Create a new Lettuce Redis OSS client
RedisClient client = RedisClient.create(redisURI);
client.connect();

以下是 Lettuce Redis OSS用戶端的範例，該用戶端會在憑證提供者IAMAuthTokenRequest中包裝 ，以在需要時自動產生臨時憑證。

public class RedisIAMAuthCredentialsProvider implements RedisCredentialsProvider {
    private static final long TOKEN_EXPIRY_SECONDS = 900;

    private final AWSCredentialsProvider awsCredentialsProvider;
    private final String userId;
    private final IAMAuthTokenRequest iamAuthTokenRequest;
    private final Supplier<String> iamAuthTokenSupplier;

    public RedisIAMAuthCredentialsProvider(String userId,
        IAMAuthTokenRequest iamAuthTokenRequest,
        AWSCredentialsProvider awsCredentialsProvider) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.awsCredentialsProvider = awsCredentialsProvider;
        this.iamAuthTokenRequest = iamAuthTokenRequest;      
        this.iamAuthTokenSupplier = Suppliers.memoizeWithExpiration(this::getIamAuthToken, TOKEN_EXPIRY_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    @Override
    public Mono<RedisCredentials> resolveCredentials() {
        return Mono.just(RedisCredentials.just(userId, iamAuthTokenSupplier.get()));
    }

    private String getIamAuthToken() {
        return iamAuthTokenRequest.toSignedRequestUri(awsCredentialsProvider.getCredentials());
    }
}