本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本，如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處，概以英文版為準。

在 AWS CloudTrail 中監控 Amazon Aurora API 呼叫

AWS CloudTrail 是一項可協助您稽核 AWS 帳戶的 AWS 服務。AWS CloudTrail 會在您建立 AWS 帳戶時開啟。如需有關 CloudTrail 的詳細資訊，請參閱 AWS CloudTrail 使用者指南。

CloudTrail 與 Amazon Aurora 整合

CloudTrail 會記錄所有 Amazon Aurora 動作。對於使用者、角色或 AWS 服務在 Amazon Aurora 中採取的動作，CloudTrail 會提供記錄。

CloudTrail 事件

CloudTrail 會擷取 Amazon Aurora 的 API 呼叫當作事件。一個事件為任何來源提出的單一請求，並包含請求動作、請求的日期和時間、請求參數等資訊。事件包括從 Amazon RDS 主控台的呼叫，以及對 Amazon RDS API 操作的程式碼呼叫。

Amazon Aurora 活動會記錄在 Event history (事件歷史記錄) 的 CloudTrail 事件中。您可以使用 CloudTrail 主控台檢視 AWS 區域中過去 90 天所記錄的 API 活動和事件。如需詳細資訊，請參閱使用 CloudTrail 事件歷程記錄檢視事件。

CloudTrail 線索

如需 AWS 帳戶中正在記錄事件 (包括 Amazon Aurora 的事件)，請建立 trail (追蹤)。權杖是一種組態，能讓事件交付到指定的 Amazon S3 儲存貯體。CloudTrail 通常會在帳戶活動的 15 分鐘內交付日誌檔案。

您可以為 AWS 帳戶建立兩種類型的追蹤：套用至所有區域的追蹤，或套用至一個區域的追蹤。根據預設，當您在主控台建立追蹤記錄時，追蹤記錄會套用到所有區域。

此外，您可以設定其他 AWS 服務，以進一步分析和處理 CloudTrail 日誌中所收集的事件資料。如需詳細資訊，請參閱：

Amazon Aurora 日誌檔案項目

CloudTrail 日誌檔案包含一或多個日誌項目。CloudTrail 日誌檔案並非依公有 API 呼叫追蹤記錄的堆疊排序，因此不會以任何特定順序出現。

以下範例顯示的是展示 CreateDBInstance 動作的 CloudTrail 日誌項目。

{
    "eventVersion": "1.04",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/johndoe",
        "accountId": "123456789012",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE",
        "userName": "johndoe"
    },
    "eventTime": "2018-07-30T22:14:06Z",
    "eventSource": "rds.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "CreateDBInstance",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/1.15.42 Python/3.6.1 Darwin/17.7.0 botocore/1.10.42",
    "requestParameters": {
        "enableCloudwatchLogsExports": [
            "audit",
            "error",
            "general",
            "slowquery"
        ],
        "dBInstanceIdentifier": "test-instance",
        "engine": "mysql",
        "masterUsername": "myawsuser",
        "allocatedStorage": 20,
        "dBInstanceClass": "db.m1.small",
        "masterUserPassword": "****"
    },
    "responseElements": {
        "dBInstanceArn": "arn:aws:rds:us-east-1:123456789012:db:test-instance",
        "storageEncrypted": false,
        "preferredBackupWindow": "10:27-10:57",
        "preferredMaintenanceWindow": "sat:05:47-sat:06:17",
        "backupRetentionPeriod": 1,
        "allocatedStorage": 20,
        "storageType": "standard",
        "engineVersion": "8.0.28",
        "dbInstancePort": 0,
        "optionGroupMemberships": [
            {
                "status": "in-sync",
                "optionGroupName": "default:mysql-8-0"
            }
        ],
        "dBParameterGroups": [
            {
                "dBParameterGroupName": "default.mysql8.0",
                "parameterApplyStatus": "in-sync"
            }
        ],
        "monitoringInterval": 0,
        "dBInstanceClass": "db.m1.small",
        "readReplicaDBInstanceIdentifiers": [],
        "dBSubnetGroup": {
            "dBSubnetGroupName": "default",
            "dBSubnetGroupDescription": "default",
            "subnets": [
                {
                    "subnetAvailabilityZone": {"name": "us-east-1b"},
                    "subnetIdentifier": "subnet-cbfff283",
                    "subnetStatus": "Active"
                },
                {
                    "subnetAvailabilityZone": {"name": "us-east-1e"},
                    "subnetIdentifier": "subnet-d7c825e8",
                    "subnetStatus": "Active"
                },
                {
                    "subnetAvailabilityZone": {"name": "us-east-1f"},
                    "subnetIdentifier": "subnet-6746046b",
                    "subnetStatus": "Active"
                },
                {
                    "subnetAvailabilityZone": {"name": "us-east-1c"},
                    "subnetIdentifier": "subnet-bac383e0",
                    "subnetStatus": "Active"
                },
                {
                    "subnetAvailabilityZone": {"name": "us-east-1d"},
                    "subnetIdentifier": "subnet-42599426",
                    "subnetStatus": "Active"
                },
                {
                    "subnetAvailabilityZone": {"name": "us-east-1a"},
                    "subnetIdentifier": "subnet-da327bf6",
                    "subnetStatus": "Active"
                }
            ],
            "vpcId": "vpc-136a4c6a",
            "subnetGroupStatus": "Complete"
        },
        "masterUsername": "myawsuser",
        "multiAZ": false,
        "autoMinorVersionUpgrade": true,
        "engine": "mysql",
        "cACertificateIdentifier": "rds-ca-2015",
        "dbiResourceId": "db-ETDZIIXHEWY5N7GXVC4SH7H5IA",
        "dBSecurityGroups": [],
        "pendingModifiedValues": {
            "masterUserPassword": "****",
            "pendingCloudwatchLogsExports": {
                "logTypesToEnable": [
                    "audit",
                    "error",
                    "general",
                    "slowquery"
                ]
            }
        },
        "dBInstanceStatus": "creating",
        "publiclyAccessible": true,
        "domainMemberships": [],
        "copyTagsToSnapshot": false,
        "dBInstanceIdentifier": "test-instance",
        "licenseModel": "general-public-license",
        "iAMDatabaseAuthenticationEnabled": false,
        "performanceInsightsEnabled": false,
        "vpcSecurityGroups": [
            {
                "status": "active",
                "vpcSecurityGroupId": "sg-f839b688"
            }
        ]
    },
    "requestID": "daf2e3f5-96a3-4df7-a026-863f96db793e",
    "eventID": "797163d3-5726-441d-80a7-6eeb7464acd4",
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "recipientAccountId": "123456789012"
}

如上述範例中的 userIdentity 元素所示，每個事件或記錄項目都包含產生要求者的相關資訊。身分資訊可協助您判斷下列事項：

如需 userIdentity 的詳細資訊，請參閱 CloudTrail userIdentity 元素。如需有關 CreateDBInstance 和其他 Amazon Aurora 動作的詳細資訊，請參閱《Amazon RDS API 參考》。