本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本，如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處，概以英文版為準。

# 使用 記錄 AWS AppSync API 呼叫 AWS CloudTrail
<a name="cloudtrail-logging"></a>

AWS AppSync 已與 服務整合 AWS CloudTrail，此服務提供使用者、角色或服務 AWS 在其中採取之動作的記錄 AWS AppSync。CloudTrail 會將 的所有 API 呼叫擷取 AWS AppSync 為事件。擷取的呼叫包括來自 AWS AppSync 主控台的呼叫，以及來自對 AWS AppSync APIs的程式碼呼叫。您可以使用 CloudTrail 所收集的資訊來判斷提出的請求 AWS AppSync、提出請求者的 IP 地址、提出請求的人員、提出請求的時間，以及其他詳細資訊。

您可以建立*線索*，以將 CloudTrail 事件持續交付至 Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) 儲存貯體，包括 的事件 AWS AppSync。如果您未設定線索，仍然可以在 CloudTrail 主控台中檢視最新的事件。

如需有關 CloudTrail 的相關資訊，請參閱 [AWS CloudTrail 使用者指南](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-user-guide.html)。

## AWS AppSync CloudTrail 中的資訊
<a name="aws-appsync-information-in-cloudtrail"></a>

當您建立 AWS 帳戶時，會在您的帳戶上啟用 CloudTrail。在**事件歷史記錄**中的 CloudTrail 主控台中，您可以檢視、搜尋和下載 AWS 帳戶中的最新事件。如需詳細資訊，請參閱《AWS CloudTrail 使用者指南》**中的[使用 CloudTrail 事件歷史記錄檢視事件](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/view-cloudtrail-events.html)。

若要持續記錄您 AWS 帳戶中的事件，包括 的事件 AWS AppSync，請建立追蹤。根據預設，當您在主控台建立線索時，線索會套用到所有 AWS 區域。線索會記錄 AWS 分割區中所有區域的事件，並將日誌檔案交付至您指定的 Amazon S3 儲存貯體。此外，您可以設定其他 AWS 服務，以進一步分析和處理 CloudTrail 日誌中所收集的事件資料。如需詳細資訊，請參閱《AWS CloudTrail 使用者指南》** 中的下列主題：
+  [為 AWS 您的帳戶建立線索](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-create-and-update-a-trail.html)
+  [AWS CloudTrail 日誌的服務整合](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-aws-service-specific-topics.html#cloudtrail-aws-service-specific-topics-integrations)
+  [設定 CloudTrail 的 Amazon SNS 通知](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/getting_notifications_top_level.html)
+  [從多個區域接收 CloudTrail 日誌檔案](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/receive-cloudtrail-log-files-from-multiple-regions.html)
+ [從多個帳戶接收 CloudTrail 日誌檔案](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-receive-logs-from-multiple-accounts.html)

CloudTrail 會記錄所有 AWS AppSync API 操作。例如，對 `CreateGraphqlApi`、 `CreateDataSource`和 `ListResolvers` APIs呼叫會在 CloudTrail 日誌檔案中產生項目。這些和其他操作都記錄在 [AWS AppSync API 參考](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/appsync/latest/APIReference/Welcome.html)中。

每一筆事件或日誌專案都會包含產生請求者的資訊。身分資訊可協助您判斷：
+ 是否使用根或 AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) 使用者登入資料提出請求。
+ 提出該請求時，是否使用了特定角色或聯合身分使用者的暫時安全憑證。
+ 請求是否由其他 AWS 服務提出。

如需詳細資訊，請參閱《AWS CloudTrail 使用者指南》**中的 [CloudTrail userIdentity 元素](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-event-reference-user-identity.html)。

## AWS AppSync CloudTrail 中的資料事件
<a name="cloudtrail-data-events"></a>

[資料事件](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/logging-data-events-with-cloudtrail.html#logging-data-events)提供在資源上或在資源中執行的資源操作的相關資訊 (例如，讀取或寫入 Amazon S3 物件)。這些也稱為資料平面操作。資料事件通常是大量資料的活動。根據預設，CloudTrail 不會記錄資料事件。CloudTrail **事件歷史記錄**不會記錄資料事件。

資料事件需支付額外的費用。如需 CloudTrail 定價的詳細資訊，請參閱 [AWS CloudTrail 定價](https://aws.amazon.com/cloudtrail/pricing/)。

您可以使用 CloudTrail 主控台 AWS CLI或 CloudTrail API 操作 （包括查詢、變動和訂閱操作、將操作連接到您的即時 WebSocket 端點，而不是透過您的即時 WebSocket 端點傳送的訊息） 來記錄`AWS::AppSync::GraphQLApi`資源類型的資料事件。如需如何記錄資料事件的詳細資訊，請參閱 *AWS CloudTrail 使用者指南*中的[使用 AWS 管理主控台　記錄資料事件](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/logging-data-events-with-cloudtrail.html#logging-data-events-console)和[使用 AWS Command Line Interface記錄資料事件](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/logging-data-events-with-cloudtrail.html#creating-data-event-selectors-with-the-AWS-CLI)。

下表列出您可以記錄資料事件 AWS AppSync 的資源類型。**資料事件類型 （主控台）** 欄顯示從 CloudTrail 主控台的資料**事件類型**清單中選擇的值。**resources.type 值**欄會顯示值，您會在使用 AWS CLI 或 CloudTrail APIs 設定進階事件選取器時指定此`resources.type`值。**記錄到 CloudTrail 的資料 API** 資料行會針對資源類型顯示記錄到 CloudTrail 的 API 呼叫。


| 資料事件類型 (主控台) | resources.type 值 | 記錄到 CloudTrail 的資料 API | 
| --- | --- | --- | 
| AppSync GraphQL |  AWS::AppSync::GraphQLApi  |  [https://docs.aws.amazon.com/appsync/latest/APIReference/API_GraphqlApi.html](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/appsync/latest/APIReference/API_GraphqlApi.html)  | 

您可以設定進階事件選取器來篩選 `eventName`、`readOnly` 和 `resources.ARN` 欄位，以僅記錄對您重要的事件。如需這些欄位的詳細資訊，請參閱AWS CloudTrail API 參考**中的[https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/APIReference/API_AdvancedFieldSelector.html](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/APIReference/API_AdvancedFieldSelector.html)。

```
[
  {
    "name": "Only 1 AppSync API",
    "fieldSelectors": [
      {
        "field": "eventCategory",
        "equals": [
          "Data"
        ]
      },
      {
        "field": "resources.type",
        "equals": [
          "AWS::AppSync::GraphQLApi"
        ]
      },
      {
        "field": "resources.ARN",
        "equals": [
          "arn:aws:appsync:us-east-1:111122223333:apis/YourGraphQLApiId"
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
]
```

## 了解 AWS AppSync 日誌檔案項目
<a name="understanding-your-service-name-entries"></a>

CloudTrail 會將事件交付為包含一或多個日誌項目的日誌檔案。事件代表來自任何來源的單一請求，並包含所請求操作、操作的日期和時間、請求參數等相關資訊。由於這些日誌檔案不是公有 API 呼叫的排序堆疊追蹤，因此不會以任何特定順序顯示。

**注意**  
對於從 發出的日誌， `requestID`不是授權的唯一 ID AWS AppSync。`requestID` 可由用戶端覆寫。因此，您應該在根據此資訊做出決策時謹慎。

下列範例 CloudTrail 日誌項目示範 `CreateApiKey`操作。

```
{
  "Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.05",
    "userIdentity": {
      "type": "IAMUser",
      "principalId": "A1B2C3D4E5F6G7EXAMPLE",
      "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:user/Alice",
      "accountId": "111122223333",
      "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
      "userName": "diego_ramirez"
    },
    "eventTime": "2018-01-31T21:49:09Z",
    "eventSource": "appsync.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "CreateApiKey",
    "awsRegion": "us-west-2",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.2.0.1",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/1.11.72 Python/2.7.11 Darwin/16.7.0 botocore/1.5.35",
    "requestParameters": {
      "apiId": "a1b2c3d4e5f6g7h8i9jexample"
    },
    "responseElements": {
      "apiKey": {
      "id": "***",
      "expires": 1518037200000
      }
    },
    "requestID": "99999999-9999-9999-9999-999999999999",
    "eventID": "99999999-9999-9999-9999-999999999999",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "recipientAccountId": "111122223333"
    }
  ]
}
```

下列範例 CloudTrail 日誌項目示範 `ListApiKeys`操作。

```
{
  "Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.05",
    "userIdentity": {
      "type": "IAMUser",
      "principalId": "A1B2C3D4E5F6G7EXAMPLE",
      "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:user/diego_ramirez",
      "accountId": "111122223333",
      "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
      "userName": "diego_ramirez"
    },
    "eventTime": "2018-01-31T21:49:09Z",
    "eventSource": "appsync.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "ListApiKeys",
    "awsRegion": "us-west-2",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.2.0.1",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/1.11.72 Python/2.7.11 Darwin/16.7.0 botocore/1.5.35",
    "requestParameters": {
      "apiId": "a1b2c3d4e5f6g7h8i9jexample"
    },
    "responseElements": {
      "apiKeys": [
              {
                    "id": "***",
                    "expires": 1517954400000
              },
              {
                    "id": "***",
                    "expires": 1518037200000
              },
            ]
    },
    "requestID": "99999999-9999-9999-9999-999999999999",
    "eventID": "99999999-9999-9999-9999-999999999999",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "recipientAccountId": "111122223333"
    }
  ]
}
```

下列範例 CloudTrail 日誌項目示範 `DeleteApiKey`操作。

```
{
  "Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.05",
    "userIdentity": {
      "type": "IAMUser",
      "principalId": "A1B2C3D4E5F6G7EXAMPLE",
      "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:user/diego_ramirez",
      "accountId": "111122223333",
      "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
      "userName": "diego_ramirez"
    },
    "eventTime": "2018-01-31T21:49:09Z",
    "eventSource": "appsync.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "DeleteApiKey",
    "awsRegion": "us-west-2",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.2.0.1",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/1.11.72 Python/2.7.11 Darwin/16.7.0 botocore/1.5.35",
    "requestParameters": {
      "id": "***",
      "apiId": "a1b2c3d4e5f6g7h8i9jexample"
    },
    "responseElements": null,
    "requestID": "99999999-9999-9999-9999-999999999999",
    "eventID": "99999999-9999-9999-9999-999999999999",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "recipientAccountId": "111122223333"
    }
  ]
}
```

下列範例 CloudTrail 日誌項目示範使用自訂 Lambda 函數授權方授權的成功 GraphQL 變動。

```
{
  "eventVersion": "1.10",
    "userIdentity": {
      "type": "Unknown"
    },
    "eventTime": "2024-11-06T15:42:30Z",
    "eventSource": "appsync.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "GraphQL",
    "awsRegion": "us-west-2",
    "sourceIPAddress": "15.248.1.214",
    "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:131.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/131.0",
    "requestParameters": null,
    "responseElements": null,
    "additionalEventData": {
      "operationName": "MyMutation",
      "authType": [
        "AWS_LAMBDA"
      ],
      "fieldAuthorizationResults": {
        "deniedFields": []
      }
    },
    "requestID": "c2d3768b-3446-40a1-bd95-8399fe776f96",
    "eventID": "21568be1-a1a8-4f43-b978-63cb4cc02a96",
    "readOnly": false,
    "resources": [
    {
      "accountId": "123456789012",
      "type": "AWS::AppSync::GraphQLApi",
      "ARN": "arn:aws:appsync:us-west-2:123456789012:apis/rxfqcxzi3nbvza2hsq4njqqq6u"
    }
    ],
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": false,
    "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
    "eventCategory": "Data"
}
```

下列範例 CloudTrail 日誌項目示範使用自訂 Lambda 函數授權方授權的部分成功 GraphQL 操作。請注意指定拒絕欄位的 `fieldAuthorizationResults.deniedFields` 屬性。

```
{
  "eventVersion": "1.10",
  "userIdentity": {
    "type": "Unknown"
  },
  "eventTime": "2024-11-06T16:11:49Z",
  "eventSource": "appsync.amazonaws.com",
  "eventName": "GraphQL",
  "awsRegion": "us-west-2",
  "sourceIPAddress": "15.248.1.214",
  "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:131.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/131.0",
  "requestParameters": null,
  "responseElements": null,
  "additionalEventData": {
    "operationName": "MyMutation",
    "authType": [
      "AWS_LAMBDA"
    ],
    "fieldAuthorizationResults": {
      "deniedFields": [
        "arn:aws:appsync:us-west-2:123456789012:apis/rxfqcxzi3nbvza2hsq4njqqq6u/types/Mutation/fields/createPost",
        "arn:aws:appsync:us-west-2:123456789012:apis/rxfqcxzi3nbvza2hsq4njqqq6u/types/Subscription/fields/onCreatePost",
        "arn:aws:appsync:us-west-2:123456789012:apis/rxfqcxzi3nbvza2hsq4njqqq6u/types/Post/fields/status"
      ]
    }
  },
  "requestID": "ae817c4c-66ba-4f64-92a5-ba9c9c341dcd",
  "eventID": "30109698-7605-476a-9dff-b7ed78d134dc",
  "readOnly": false,
  "resources": [
    {
      "accountId": "123456789012",
      "type": "AWS::AppSync::GraphQLApi",
      "ARN": "arn:aws:appsync:us-west-2:123456789012:apis/rxfqcxzi3nbvza2hsq4njqqq6u"
    }
  ],
  "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
  "managementEvent": false,
  "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
  "eventCategory": "Data"
}
```

下列範例 CloudTrail 日誌項目示範失敗的 GraphQL 操作。

```
{
  "eventVersion": "1.10",
  "userIdentity": {
    "type": "Unknown"
  },
  "eventTime": "2024-11-06T15:51:11Z",
  "eventSource": "appsync.amazonaws.com",
  "eventName": "GraphQL",
  "awsRegion": "us-west-2",
  "sourceIPAddress": "15.248.1.214",
  "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:131.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/131.0",
  "errorCode": "AccessDenied",
  "errorMessage": "{\n \"errors\" : [ {\n \"errorType\" : \"UnauthorizedException\",\n \"message\" : \"You are not authorized to make this call.\"\n } ]\n}",
  "requestParameters": null,
  "responseElements": null,
  "additionalEventData": {
    "operationName": "MyFullyDeniedLambdaMutation"
  },
  "requestID": "0bef3cf3-a48b-4de9-8b1f-038afb563516",
  "eventID": "b738651f-4ec0-4548-8fec-200c6b42842b",
  "readOnly": false,
  "resources": [
    {
      "accountId": "123456789012",
      "type": "AWS::AppSync::GraphQLApi",
      "ARN": "arn:aws:appsync:us-west-2:123456789012:apis/rxfqcxzi3nbvza2hsq4njqqq6u"
    }
  ],
  "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
  "managementEvent": false,
  "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
  "eventCategory": "Data"
}
```

下列範例示範成功的 GraphQL 請求。

```
{
  "eventVersion": "1.10",
  "userIdentity": {
    "type": "AssumedRole",
    "principalId": "AIDACKCEVSQ6C2EXAMPLE:jane_doe",
    "arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/admin/jane_doe",
    "accountId": "123456789012",
    "sessionContext": {
      "sessionIssuer": {
        "type": "Role",
        "principalId": "AIDACKCEVSQ6C2EXAMPLE",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/admin",
        "accountId": "123456789012",
        "userName": "jane_doe"
      },
      "attributes": {
        "creationDate": "2024-11-06T15:40:09Z",
        "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
      }
    }
  },
  "eventTime": "2024-11-06T16:03:43Z",
  "eventSource": "appsync.amazonaws.com",
  "eventName": "GraphQL",
  "awsRegion": "us-west-2",
  "sourceIPAddress": "15.248.1.214",
  "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:131.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/131.0",
  "requestParameters": null,
  "responseElements": null,
  "additionalEventData": {
    "operationName": "IamFullSuccess",
    "authType": [
      "AWS_IAM"
    ],
    "fieldAuthorizationResults": {
      "allowedFields": [
        "arn:aws:appsync:us-west-2:123456789012:apis/rxfqcxzi3nbvza2hsq4njqqq6u/types/Mutation/fields/createSecondPostAllowed"
      ],
      "deniedFields": []
    }
  },
  "requestID": "edc6bbbf-6bf2-40f5-820f-ef444f12e0c1",
  "eventID": "524656a5-0925-4370-9e7e-08888e9c299f",
  "readOnly": false,
  "resources": [
    {
      "accountId": "123456789012",
      "type": "AWS::AppSync::GraphQLApi",
      "ARN": "arn:aws:appsync:us-west-2:123456789012:apis/rxfqcxzi3nbvza2hsq4njqqq6u"
    }
  ],
  "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
  "managementEvent": false,
  "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
  "eventCategory": "Data"
}
```