使用分割區投影在 Athena 中建立日誌的資料表 CloudTrail

由於 CloudTrail 日誌具有已知結構，您可以預先指定其分割區結構，因此您可以使用 Athena 分割區投影功能來縮短查詢執行時間並自動化分割區管理。分割區投影會在新增資料時自動新增分割區。因此您無需使用 ALTER TABLE ADD PARTITION 手動新增分割區。

下列範例CREATE TABLE陳述式會自動在指定日期到單一 出現的 CloudTrail 日誌上使用分割區投影 AWS 區域。在 LOCATION和 storage.location.template子句中，取代 bucket, account-id 和 aws-region 具有對應相同值的預留位置。對於 projection.timestamp.range，請取代 2020/01/01 您想要使用的開始日期。成功執行查詢之後，您可以查詢資料表。您無須執行 ALTER TABLE ADD PARTITION 就能載入分割區。

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE cloudtrail_logs_pp(
    eventversion STRING,
    useridentity STRUCT<
        type: STRING,
        principalid: STRING,
        arn: STRING,
        accountid: STRING,
        invokedby: STRING,
        accesskeyid: STRING,
        username: STRING,
        onbehalfof: STRUCT<
             userid: STRING,
             identitystorearn: STRING>,
        sessioncontext: STRUCT<
            attributes: STRUCT<
                mfaauthenticated: STRING,
                creationdate: STRING>,
            sessionissuer: STRUCT<
                type: STRING,
                principalid: STRING,
                arn: STRING,
                accountid: STRING,
                username: STRING>,
            ec2roledelivery:string,
            webidfederationdata: STRUCT<
                federatedprovider: STRING,
                attributes: map<string,string>>
        >
    >,
    eventtime STRING,
    eventsource STRING,
    eventname STRING,
    awsregion STRING,
    sourceipaddress STRING,
    useragent STRING,
    errorcode STRING,
    errormessage STRING,
    requestparameters STRING,
    responseelements STRING,
    additionaleventdata STRING,
    requestid STRING,
    eventid STRING,
    readonly STRING,
    resources ARRAY<STRUCT<
        arn: STRING,
        accountid: STRING,
        type: STRING>>,
    eventtype STRING,
    apiversion STRING,
    recipientaccountid STRING,
    serviceeventdetails STRING,
    sharedeventid STRING,
    vpcendpointid STRING,
    vpcendpointaccountid STRING,
    eventcategory STRING,
    addendum STRUCT<
      reason:STRING,
      updatedfields:STRING,
      originalrequestid:STRING,
      originaleventid:STRING>,
    sessioncredentialfromconsole STRING,
    edgedevicedetails STRING,
    tlsdetails STRUCT<
      tlsversion:STRING,
      ciphersuite:STRING,
      clientprovidedhostheader:STRING>
  )
PARTITIONED BY (
   `timestamp` string)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hive.hcatalog.data.JsonSerDe'
STORED AS INPUTFORMAT 'com.amazon.emr.cloudtrail.CloudTrailInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
LOCATION
  's3://amzn-s3-demo-bucket/AWSLogs/account-id/CloudTrail/aws-region'
TBLPROPERTIES (
  'projection.enabled'='true', 
  'projection.timestamp.format'='yyyy/MM/dd', 
  'projection.timestamp.interval'='1', 
  'projection.timestamp.interval.unit'='DAYS', 
  'projection.timestamp.range'='2020/01/01,NOW', 
  'projection.timestamp.type'='date', 
  'storage.location.template'='s3://amzn-s3-demo-bucket/AWSLogs/account-id/CloudTrail/aws-region/${timestamp}')

如需有關分割區投影的詳細資訊，請參閱搭配 Amazon Athena 使用分割區投影。