AWS CLI 中的骨架和輸入檔案 AWS CLI - AWS Command Line Interface

本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本,如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處,概以英文版為準。

AWS CLI 中的骨架和輸入檔案 AWS CLI

大多數 AWS CLI 命令接受從 檔案匯入參數輸入。您可以使用 generate-cli-skeleton選項產生這些範本,然後使用 --cli-input-json--cli-input-yaml 參數匯入。

關於骨 AWS CLI 架和輸入檔案

大多數 AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) 命令都支援使用 --cli-input-json--cli-input-yaml 參數接受來自 檔案參數輸入。

這些相同的命令使用 --generate-cli-skeleton 參數來產生 JSON 或 YAML 格式的檔案,其中包含您可以編輯和填入的所有參數。然後,您可以使用 --cli-input-json--cli-input-yaml 參數執行 命令,並指向已填入的檔案。

重要

自訂 AWS CLI 命令,例如 aws s3命令不支援本主題中所述的 --generate-cli-skeleton--cli-input-json--cli-input-yaml 參數。若要檢查特定命令是否支援這些參數,請針對您要使用的命令執行 help 命令,或參閱AWS CLI 版本 2 參考指南

--generate-cli-skeleton 會產生並顯示參數範本,您可以在命令上自訂和用作輸入。產生的範本包含命令支援的所有參數。

--generate-cli-skeleton 參數接受下列其中一個數值:

  • input – 產生的範本包括所有格式化為 JSON 的輸入參數。這是預設值。

  • yaml-input – 產生的範本包括所有格式化為 YAML 的輸入參數。

  • output – 產生的範本包括所有 JSON 格式的輸出參數。您目前無法請求輸出參數為 YAML。

由於 基本上 AWS CLI 是圍繞服務 API 的「包裝程式」,因此骨架檔案會要求您根據其基礎 API 參數名稱來參考所有參數。這可能與 AWS CLI 參數名稱不同。例如,名為 的 AWS CLI 參數user-name可能會對應到名為 AWS 的服務 API 參數 UserName(請注意已變更的大寫和遺失破折號)。建議您使用 --generate-cli-skeleton 選項,以「正確」參數名稱產生範本,以免發生錯誤。您可以參考 服務的 API 參考指南,以查看預期的參數名稱。您可以從範本刪除任何非必要且不想為其提供數值的參數。

例如,如果您執行以下命令,其會為 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) 命令 run-instances 產生參數範本。

JSON

下列範例顯示如何使用 --generate-cli-skeleton 參數的預設值 (input) 生產格式化的 JSON 範本。

$ aws ec2 run-instances --generate-cli-skeleton
{ "DryRun": true, "ImageId": "", "MinCount": 0, "MaxCount": 0, "KeyName": "", "SecurityGroups": [ "" ], "SecurityGroupIds": [ "" ], "UserData": "", "InstanceType": "", "Placement": { "AvailabilityZone": "", "GroupName": "", "Tenancy": "" }, "KernelId": "", "RamdiskId": "", "BlockDeviceMappings": [ { "VirtualName": "", "DeviceName": "", "Ebs": { "SnapshotId": "", "VolumeSize": 0, "DeleteOnTermination": true, "VolumeType": "", "Iops": 0, "Encrypted": true }, "NoDevice": "" } ], "Monitoring": { "Enabled": true }, "SubnetId": "", "DisableApiTermination": true, "InstanceInitiatedShutdownBehavior": "", "PrivateIpAddress": "", "ClientToken": "", "AdditionalInfo": "", "NetworkInterfaces": [ { "NetworkInterfaceId": "", "DeviceIndex": 0, "SubnetId": "", "Description": "", "PrivateIpAddress": "", "Groups": [ "" ], "DeleteOnTermination": true, "PrivateIpAddresses": [ { "PrivateIpAddress": "", "Primary": true } ], "SecondaryPrivateIpAddressCount": 0, "AssociatePublicIpAddress": true } ], "IamInstanceProfile": { "Arn": "", "Name": "" }, "EbsOptimized": true }
YAML

下列範例顯示如何使用 yaml-input 參數的 --generate-cli-skeleton 數值產生格式化的 YAML 範本。

$ aws ec2 run-instances --generate-cli-skeleton yaml-input
BlockDeviceMappings: # The block device mapping entries. - DeviceName: '' # The device name (for example, /dev/sdh or xvdh). VirtualName: '' # The virtual device name (ephemeralN). Ebs: # Parameters used to automatically set up Amazon EBS volumes when the instance is launched. DeleteOnTermination: true # Indicates whether the EBS volume is deleted on instance termination. Iops: 0 # The number of I/O operations per second (IOPS) that the volume supports. SnapshotId: '' # The ID of the snapshot. VolumeSize: 0 # The size of the volume, in GiB. VolumeType: st1 # The volume type. Valid values are: standard, io1, gp2, sc1, st1. Encrypted: true # Indicates whether the encryption state of an EBS volume is changed while being restored from a backing snapshot. KmsKeyId: '' # Identifier (key ID, key alias, ID ARN, or alias ARN) for a customer managed KMS key under which the EBS volume is encrypted. NoDevice: '' # Suppresses the specified device included in the block device mapping of the AMI. ImageId: '' # The ID of the AMI. InstanceType: c4.4xlarge # The instance type. Valid values are: t1.micro, t2.nano, t2.micro, t2.small, t2.medium, t2.large, t2.xlarge, t2.2xlarge, t3.nano, t3.micro, t3.small, t3.medium, t3.large, t3.xlarge, t3.2xlarge, t3a.nano, t3a.micro, t3a.small, t3a.medium, t3a.large, t3a.xlarge, t3a.2xlarge, m1.small, m1.medium, m1.large, m1.xlarge, m3.medium, m3.large, m3.xlarge, m3.2xlarge, m4.large, m4.xlarge, m4.2xlarge, m4.4xlarge, m4.10xlarge, m4.16xlarge, m2.xlarge, m2.2xlarge, m2.4xlarge, cr1.8xlarge, r3.large, r3.xlarge, r3.2xlarge, r3.4xlarge, r3.8xlarge, r4.large, r4.xlarge, r4.2xlarge, r4.4xlarge, r4.8xlarge, r4.16xlarge, r5.large, r5.xlarge, r5.2xlarge, r5.4xlarge, r5.8xlarge, r5.12xlarge, r5.16xlarge, r5.24xlarge, r5.metal, r5a.large, r5a.xlarge, r5a.2xlarge, r5a.4xlarge, r5a.8xlarge, r5a.12xlarge, r5a.16xlarge, r5a.24xlarge, r5d.large, r5d.xlarge, r5d.2xlarge, r5d.4xlarge, r5d.8xlarge, r5d.12xlarge, r5d.16xlarge, r5d.24xlarge, r5d.metal, r5ad.large, r5ad.xlarge, r5ad.2xlarge, r5ad.4xlarge, r5ad.8xlarge, r5ad.12xlarge, r5ad.16xlarge, r5ad.24xlarge, x1.16xlarge, x1.32xlarge, x1e.xlarge, x1e.2xlarge, x1e.4xlarge, x1e.8xlarge, x1e.16xlarge, x1e.32xlarge, i2.xlarge, i2.2xlarge, i2.4xlarge, i2.8xlarge, i3.large, i3.xlarge, i3.2xlarge, i3.4xlarge, i3.8xlarge, i3.16xlarge, i3.metal, i3en.large, i3en.xlarge, i3en.2xlarge, i3en.3xlarge, i3en.6xlarge, i3en.12xlarge, i3en.24xlarge, i3en.metal, hi1.4xlarge, hs1.8xlarge, c1.medium, c1.xlarge, c3.large, c3.xlarge, c3.2xlarge, c3.4xlarge, c3.8xlarge, c4.large, c4.xlarge, c4.2xlarge, c4.4xlarge, c4.8xlarge, c5.large, c5.xlarge, c5.2xlarge, c5.4xlarge, c5.9xlarge, c5.12xlarge, c5.18xlarge, c5.24xlarge, c5.metal, c5d.large, c5d.xlarge, c5d.2xlarge, c5d.4xlarge, c5d.9xlarge, c5d.18xlarge, c5n.large, c5n.xlarge, c5n.2xlarge, c5n.4xlarge, c5n.9xlarge, c5n.18xlarge, cc1.4xlarge, cc2.8xlarge, g2.2xlarge, g2.8xlarge, g3.4xlarge, g3.8xlarge, g3.16xlarge, g3s.xlarge, g4dn.xlarge, g4dn.2xlarge, g4dn.4xlarge, g4dn.8xlarge, g4dn.12xlarge, g4dn.16xlarge, cg1.4xlarge, p2.xlarge, p2.8xlarge, p2.16xlarge, p3.2xlarge, p3.8xlarge, p3.16xlarge, p3dn.24xlarge, d2.xlarge, d2.2xlarge, d2.4xlarge, d2.8xlarge, f1.2xlarge, f1.4xlarge, f1.16xlarge, m5.large, m5.xlarge, m5.2xlarge, m5.4xlarge, m5.8xlarge, m5.12xlarge, m5.16xlarge, m5.24xlarge, m5.metal, m5a.large, m5a.xlarge, m5a.2xlarge, m5a.4xlarge, m5a.8xlarge, m5a.12xlarge, m5a.16xlarge, m5a.24xlarge, m5d.large, m5d.xlarge, m5d.2xlarge, m5d.4xlarge, m5d.8xlarge, m5d.12xlarge, m5d.16xlarge, m5d.24xlarge, m5d.metal, m5ad.large, m5ad.xlarge, m5ad.2xlarge, m5ad.4xlarge, m5ad.8xlarge, m5ad.12xlarge, m5ad.16xlarge, m5ad.24xlarge, h1.2xlarge, h1.4xlarge, h1.8xlarge, h1.16xlarge, z1d.large, z1d.xlarge, z1d.2xlarge, z1d.3xlarge, z1d.6xlarge, z1d.12xlarge, z1d.metal, u-6tb1.metal, u-9tb1.metal, u-12tb1.metal, u-18tb1.metal, u-24tb1.metal, a1.medium, a1.large, a1.xlarge, a1.2xlarge, a1.4xlarge, a1.metal, m5dn.large, m5dn.xlarge, m5dn.2xlarge, m5dn.4xlarge, m5dn.8xlarge, m5dn.12xlarge, m5dn.16xlarge, m5dn.24xlarge, m5n.large, m5n.xlarge, m5n.2xlarge, m5n.4xlarge, m5n.8xlarge, m5n.12xlarge, m5n.16xlarge, m5n.24xlarge, r5dn.large, r5dn.xlarge, r5dn.2xlarge, r5dn.4xlarge, r5dn.8xlarge, r5dn.12xlarge, r5dn.16xlarge, r5dn.24xlarge, r5n.large, r5n.xlarge, r5n.2xlarge, r5n.4xlarge, r5n.8xlarge, r5n.12xlarge, r5n.16xlarge, r5n.24xlarge. Ipv6AddressCount: 0 # [EC2-VPC] The number of IPv6 addresses to associate with the primary network interface. Ipv6Addresses: # [EC2-VPC] The IPv6 addresses from the range of the subnet to associate with the primary network interface. - Ipv6Address: '' # The IPv6 address. KernelId: '' # The ID of the kernel. KeyName: '' # The name of the key pair. MaxCount: 0 # [REQUIRED] The maximum number of instances to launch. MinCount: 0 # [REQUIRED] The minimum number of instances to launch. Monitoring: # Specifies whether detailed monitoring is enabled for the instance. Enabled: true # [REQUIRED] Indicates whether detailed monitoring is enabled. Placement: # The placement for the instance. AvailabilityZone: '' # The Availability Zone of the instance. Affinity: '' # The affinity setting for the instance on the Dedicated Host. GroupName: '' # The name of the placement group the instance is in. PartitionNumber: 0 # The number of the partition the instance is in. HostId: '' # The ID of the Dedicated Host on which the instance resides. Tenancy: dedicated # The tenancy of the instance (if the instance is running in a VPC). Valid values are: default, dedicated, host. SpreadDomain: '' # Reserved for future use. RamdiskId: '' # The ID of the RAM disk to select. SecurityGroupIds: # The IDs of the security groups. - '' SecurityGroups: # [default VPC] The names of the security groups. - '' SubnetId: '' # [EC2-VPC] The ID of the subnet to launch the instance into. UserData: '' # The user data to make available to the instance. AdditionalInfo: '' # Reserved. ClientToken: '' # Unique, case-sensitive identifier you provide to ensure the idempotency of the request. DisableApiTermination: true # If you set this parameter to true, you can't terminate the instance using the Amazon EC2 console, CLI, or API; otherwise, you can. DryRun: true # Checks whether you have the required permissions for the action, without actually making the request, and provides an error response. EbsOptimized: true # Indicates whether the instance is optimized for Amazon EBS I/O. IamInstanceProfile: # The IAM instance profile. Arn: '' # The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the instance profile. Name: '' # The name of the instance profile. InstanceInitiatedShutdownBehavior: stop # Indicates whether an instance stops or terminates when you initiate shutdown from the instance (using the operating system command for system shutdown). Valid values are: stop, terminate. NetworkInterfaces: # The network interfaces to associate with the instance. - AssociatePublicIpAddress: true # Indicates whether to assign a public IPv4 address to an instance you launch in a VPC. DeleteOnTermination: true # If set to true, the interface is deleted when the instance is terminated. Description: '' # The description of the network interface. DeviceIndex: 0 # The position of the network interface in the attachment order. Groups: # The IDs of the security groups for the network interface. - '' Ipv6AddressCount: 0 # A number of IPv6 addresses to assign to the network interface. Ipv6Addresses: # One or more IPv6 addresses to assign to the network interface. - Ipv6Address: '' # The IPv6 address. NetworkInterfaceId: '' # The ID of the network interface. PrivateIpAddress: '' # The private IPv4 address of the network interface. PrivateIpAddresses: # One or more private IPv4 addresses to assign to the network interface. - Primary: true # Indicates whether the private IPv4 address is the primary private IPv4 address. PrivateIpAddress: '' # The private IPv4 addresses. SecondaryPrivateIpAddressCount: 0 # The number of secondary private IPv4 addresses. SubnetId: '' # The ID of the subnet associated with the network interface. InterfaceType: '' # The type of network interface. PrivateIpAddress: '' # [EC2-VPC] The primary IPv4 address. ElasticGpuSpecification: # An elastic GPU to associate with the instance. - Type: '' # [REQUIRED] The type of Elastic Graphics accelerator. ElasticInferenceAccelerators: # An elastic inference accelerator to associate with the instance. - Type: '' # [REQUIRED] The type of elastic inference accelerator. TagSpecifications: # The tags to apply to the resources during launch. - ResourceType: network-interface # The type of resource to tag. Valid values are: client-vpn-endpoint, customer-gateway, dedicated-host, dhcp-options, elastic-ip, fleet, fpga-image, host-reservation, image, instance, internet-gateway, launch-template, natgateway, network-acl, network-interface, reserved-instances, route-table, security-group, snapshot, spot-instances-request, subnet, traffic-mirror-filter, traffic-mirror-session, traffic-mirror-target, transit-gateway, transit-gateway-attachment, transit-gateway-route-table, volume, vpc, vpc-peering-connection, vpn-connection, vpn-gateway. Tags: # The tags to apply to the resource. - Key: '' # The key of the tag. Value: '' # The value of the tag. LaunchTemplate: # The launch template to use to launch the instances. LaunchTemplateId: '' # The ID of the launch template. LaunchTemplateName: '' # The name of the launch template. Version: '' # The version number of the launch template. InstanceMarketOptions: # The market (purchasing) option for the instances. MarketType: spot # The market type. Valid values are: spot. SpotOptions: # The options for Spot Instances. MaxPrice: '' # The maximum hourly price you're willing to pay for the Spot Instances. SpotInstanceType: one-time # The Spot Instance request type. Valid values are: one-time, persistent. BlockDurationMinutes: 0 # The required duration for the Spot Instances (also known as Spot blocks), in minutes. ValidUntil: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 # The end date of the request. InstanceInterruptionBehavior: terminate # The behavior when a Spot Instance is interrupted. Valid values are: hibernate, stop, terminate. CreditSpecification: # The credit option for CPU usage of the T2 or T3 instance. CpuCredits: '' # [REQUIRED] The credit option for CPU usage of a T2 or T3 instance. CpuOptions: # The CPU options for the instance. CoreCount: 0 # The number of CPU cores for the instance. ThreadsPerCore: 0 # The number of threads per CPU core. CapacityReservationSpecification: # Information about the Capacity Reservation targeting option. CapacityReservationPreference: none # Indicates the instance's Capacity Reservation preferences. Valid values are: open, none. CapacityReservationTarget: # Information about the target Capacity Reservation. CapacityReservationId: '' # The ID of the Capacity Reservation. HibernationOptions: # Indicates whether an instance is enabled for hibernation. Configured: true # If you set this parameter to true, your instance is enabled for hibernation. LicenseSpecifications: # The license configurations. - LicenseConfigurationArn: '' # The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the license configuration.

產生和匯入命令骨架

若要產生和使用參數骨架檔案
  1. 執行命令搭配 --generate-cli-skeleton 參數,產生 JSON 或 YAML,並將輸出導向至檔案以便儲存。

    JSON
    $ aws ec2 run-instances --generate-cli-skeleton input > ec2runinst.json
    YAML
    $ aws ec2 run-instances --generate-cli-skeleton yaml-input > ec2runinst.yaml
  2. 在文字編輯器中開啟參數骨架檔案,移除您不需要的任何參數。例如,您可以將範本剔除為下列內容。移除不需要的元素後,請確認檔案仍然是有效的 JSON 或 YAML

    JSON
    { "DryRun": true, "ImageId": "", "KeyName": "", "SecurityGroups": [ "" ], "InstanceType": "", "Monitoring": { "Enabled": true } }
    YAML
    DryRun: true ImageId: '' KeyName: '' SecurityGroups: - '' InstanceType: Monitoring: Enabled: true

    在此範例中,我們會保留設定為 trueDryRun 參數,以便使用 Amazon EC2 試轉功能。此功能可讓您安全地測試命令,而不必實際建立或修改任何資源。

  3. 使用適合您方案的數值,填入其餘數值。在這個範例中,我們提供 Amazon Machine Image (AMI) 的執行個體類型、金鑰名稱、安全群組和識別符以供使用。此範例假設預設值 AWS 區域。AMI ami-dfc39aef 是託管於 us-west-2 區域中的 64 位元 Amazon Linux 映像。如果使用不同的區域,您必須 找到要使用的正確 AMI ID

    JSON
    { "DryRun": true, "ImageId": "ami-dfc39aef", "KeyName": "mykey", "SecurityGroups": [ "my-sg" ], "InstanceType": "t2.micro", "Monitoring": { "Enabled": true } }
    YAML
    DryRun: true ImageId: 'ami-dfc39aef' KeyName: 'mykey' SecurityGroups: - 'my-sg' InstanceType: 't2.micro' Monitoring: Enabled: true
  4. 使用 file:// 前綴將完整的範本檔案傳遞到 --cli-input-json 或 -- cli-input-yaml參數,以使用完成的參數執行命令。會 AWS CLI 解譯路徑,使其與您目前的工作目錄相對。下列範例會在目前的工作目錄中 AWS CLI 尋找 檔案。

    JSON
    $ aws ec2 run-instances --cli-input-json file://ec2runinst.json
    A client error (DryRunOperation) occurred when calling the RunInstances operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set.
    YAML
    $ aws ec2 run-instances --cli-input-yaml file://ec2runinst.yaml
    A client error (DryRunOperation) occurred when calling the RunInstances operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set.

    試轉錯誤表示 JSON 或 YAML 正確產生且參數值有效。如果在輸出中報告其他問題,請修復它們並重複先前步驟,直到顯示「Request would have succeeded」訊息為止。

  5. 現在您可以將 DryRun 參數設定為 false,以停用試轉。

    JSON
    { "DryRun": false, "ImageId": "ami-dfc39aef", "KeyName": "mykey", "SecurityGroups": [ "my-sg" ], "InstanceType": "t2.micro", "Monitoring": { "Enabled": true } }
    YAML
    DryRun: false ImageId: 'ami-dfc39aef' KeyName: 'mykey' SecurityGroups: - 'my-sg' InstanceType: 't2.micro' Monitoring: Enabled: true
  6. 執行命令,run-instances 會實際啟動 Amazon EC2 執行個體並顯示成功啟動產生的詳細資訊。輸出的格式是由 --output 參數控制,與輸入參數範本的格式分開。

    JSON
    $ aws ec2 run-instances --cli-input-json file://ec2runinst.json --output json
    { "OwnerId": "123456789012", "ReservationId": "r-d94a2b1", "Groups": [], "Instances": [ ...
    YAML
    $ aws ec2 run-instances --cli-input-yaml file://ec2runinst.yaml --output yaml
    OwnerId: '123456789012' ReservationId: 'r-d94a2b1', Groups": - '' Instances: ...

結合輸入檔案和命令列參數

輸入檔案可用於所有參數,也可以與 中指定的參數結合 AWS CLI。您可以使用此功能,在輸入檔案中經常重複使用的設定,同時將個別設定保留在命令本身。

下列aws ec2 run-instances範例結合使用輸入檔案和參數。我們提供執行個體類型、金鑰名稱、安全群組、Amazon Machine Image (AMI) 的識別符,以供使用並擔任預設值 AWS 區域。AMI ami-dfc39aef 是託管於 us-west-2 區域中的 64 位元 Amazon Linux 映像。如果使用不同的區域,您必須 找到要使用的正確 AMI ID

JSON

JSON 檔案的內容:

{ "ImageId": "ami-dfc39aef", "KeyName": "mykey", "SecurityGroups": [ "my-sg" ], "InstanceType": "t2.micro", "Monitoring": { "Enabled": true } }
YAML

YAML 檔案的內容:

ImageId: 'ami-dfc39aef' KeyName: 'mykey' SecurityGroups: - 'my-sg' InstanceType: 't2.micro' Monitoring: Enabled: true

下列範例使用 輸入檔案搭配 --dry-run 參數執行命令的乾執行,以確認您是否具有所需的許可,並已使用有效的值填入檔案。

JSON
$ aws ec2 run-instances --cli-input-json file://ec2runinst.json --dry-run
A client error (DryRunOperation) occurred when calling the RunInstances operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set.
YAML
$ aws ec2 run-instances --cli-input-yaml file://ec2runinst.yaml --dry-run
A client error (DryRunOperation) occurred when calling the RunInstances operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set.

以下範例接著會使用相同的輸入檔案,但使用 --no-dry-run 參數完整執行命令。

JSON
$ aws ec2 run-instances --cli-input-json file://ec2runinst.json --no-dry-run --output json
{ "OwnerId": "123456789012", "ReservationId": "r-d94a2b1", "Groups": [], "Instances": [ ...
YAML
$ aws ec2 run-instances --cli-input-yaml file://ec2runinst.yaml --no-dry-run --output yaml
OwnerId: '123456789012' ReservationId: 'r-d94a2b1', Groups": - '' Instances: ...