使用 RDS for C++ 的 Amazon SDK 範例

CMakeLists.txt CMake 檔案的程式碼。

# Set the minimum required version of CMake for this project.
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)

# Set the AWS service components used by this project.
set(SERVICE_COMPONENTS rds)

# Set this project's name.
project("hello_rds")

# Set the C++ standard to use to build this target.
# At least C++ 11 is required for the AWS SDK for C++.
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)

# Use the MSVC variable to determine if this is a Windows build.
set(WINDOWS_BUILD ${MSVC})

if (WINDOWS_BUILD) # Set the location where CMake can find the installed libraries for the AWS SDK.
    string(REPLACE ";" "/aws-cpp-sdk-all;" SYSTEM_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PREFIX_PATH}/aws-cpp-sdk-all")
    list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${SYSTEM_MODULE_PATH})
endif ()

# Find the AWS SDK for C++ package.
find_package(AWSSDK REQUIRED COMPONENTS ${SERVICE_COMPONENTS})

if (WINDOWS_BUILD AND AWSSDK_INSTALL_AS_SHARED_LIBS)
     # Copy relevant AWS SDK for C++ libraries into the current binary directory for running and debugging.

     # set(BIN_SUB_DIR "/Debug") # If you are building from the command line, you may need to uncomment this 
                                    # and set the proper subdirectory to the executables' location.

     AWSSDK_CPY_DYN_LIBS(SERVICE_COMPONENTS "" ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}${BIN_SUB_DIR})
endif ()

add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}
        hello_rds.cpp)

target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}
        ${AWSSDK_LINK_LIBRARIES})

hello_rds.cpp 來源檔案的程式碼。

#include <aws/core/Aws.h>
#include <aws/rds/RDSClient.h>
#include <aws/rds/model/DescribeDBInstancesRequest.h>
#include <iostream>

/*
 *  A "Hello Rds" starter application which initializes an Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) client and
 *  describes the Amazon RDS instances.
 *
 *  main function
 *
 *  Usage: 'hello_rds'
 *
 */

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    Aws::SDKOptions options;
    // Optionally change the log level for debugging.
//   options.loggingOptions.logLevel = Utils::Logging::LogLevel::Debug;
    Aws::InitAPI(options); // Should only be called once.
    int result = 0;
    {
        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

        Aws::RDS::RDSClient rdsClient(clientConfig);
        Aws::String marker;
        std::vector<Aws::String> instanceDBIDs;

        do {
            Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBInstancesRequest request;

            if (!marker.empty()) {
                request.SetMarker(marker);
            }

            Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBInstancesOutcome outcome =
                    rdsClient.DescribeDBInstances(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                for (auto &instance: outcome.GetResult().GetDBInstances()) {
                    instanceDBIDs.push_back(instance.GetDBInstanceIdentifier());
                }
                marker = outcome.GetResult().GetMarker();
            } else {
                result = 1;
                std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DescribeDBInstances. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                break;
            }
        } while (!marker.empty());

        std::cout << instanceDBIDs.size() << " RDS instances found." << std::endl;
        for (auto &instanceDBID: instanceDBIDs) {
            std::cout << "   Instance: " << instanceDBID << std::endl;
        }
    }

    Aws::ShutdownAPI(options); // Should only be called once.
    return result;
}

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

//! Routine which creates an Amazon RDS instance and demonstrates several operations
//! on that instance.
/*!
 \sa gettingStartedWithDBInstances()
 \param clientConfiguration: AWS client configuration.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::RDS::gettingStartedWithDBInstances(
        const Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration &clientConfig) {
    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

    printAsterisksLine();
    std::cout << "Welcome to the Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)"
              << std::endl;
    std::cout << "get started with DB instances demo." << std::endl;
    printAsterisksLine();

    std::cout << "Checking for an existing DB parameter group named '" <<
              PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME << "'." << std::endl;
    Aws::String dbParameterGroupFamily("Undefined");
    bool parameterGroupFound = true;
    {
        // 1. Check if the DB parameter group already exists.
        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBParameterGroupsRequest request;
        request.SetDBParameterGroupName(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBParameterGroupsOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeDBParameterGroups(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "DB parameter group named '" <<
                      PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME << "' already exists." << std::endl;
            dbParameterGroupFamily = outcome.GetResult().GetDBParameterGroups()[0].GetDBParameterGroupFamily();
        }
        else if (outcome.GetError().GetErrorType() ==
                 Aws::RDS::RDSErrors::D_B_PARAMETER_GROUP_NOT_FOUND_FAULT) {
            std::cout << "DB parameter group named '" <<
                      PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME << "' does not exist." << std::endl;
            parameterGroupFound = false;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DescribeDBParameterGroups. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    }

    if (!parameterGroupFound) {
        Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion> engineVersions;

        // 2. Get available engine versions for the specified engine.
        if (!getDBEngineVersions(DB_ENGINE, NO_PARAMETER_GROUP_FAMILY,
                                 engineVersions, client)) {
            return false;
        }

        std::cout << "Getting available database engine versions for " << DB_ENGINE
                  << "."
                  << std::endl;
        std::vector<Aws::String> families;
        for (const Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion &version: engineVersions) {
            Aws::String family = version.GetDBParameterGroupFamily();
            if (std::find(families.begin(), families.end(), family) ==
                families.end()) {
                families.push_back(family);
                std::cout << "  " << families.size() << ": " << family << std::endl;
            }
        }

        int choice = askQuestionForIntRange("Which family do you want to use? ", 1,
                                            static_cast<int>(families.size()));
        dbParameterGroupFamily = families[choice - 1];
    }
    if (!parameterGroupFound) {
        // 3.  Create a DB parameter group.
        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBParameterGroupRequest request;
        request.SetDBParameterGroupName(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        request.SetDBParameterGroupFamily(dbParameterGroupFamily);
        request.SetDescription("Example parameter group.");

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBParameterGroupOutcome outcome =
                client.CreateDBParameterGroup(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB parameter group was successfully created."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::CreateDBParameterGroup. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    }

    printAsterisksLine();
    std::cout << "Let's set some parameter values in your parameter group."
              << std::endl;

    Aws::String marker;
    Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter> autoIncrementParameters;
    // 4.  Get the parameters in the DB parameter group.
    if (!getDBParameters(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, AUTO_INCREMENT_PREFIX, NO_SOURCE,
                         autoIncrementParameters,
                         client)) {
        cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, "", client);
        return false;
    }

    Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter> updateParameters;

    for (Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter &autoIncParameter: autoIncrementParameters) {
        if (autoIncParameter.GetIsModifiable() &&
            (autoIncParameter.GetDataType() == "integer")) {
            std::cout << "The " << autoIncParameter.GetParameterName()
                      << " is described as: " <<
                      autoIncParameter.GetDescription() << "." << std::endl;
            if (autoIncParameter.ParameterValueHasBeenSet()) {
                std::cout << "The current value is "
                          << autoIncParameter.GetParameterValue()
                          << "." << std::endl;
            }
            std::vector<int> splitValues = splitToInts(
                    autoIncParameter.GetAllowedValues(), '-');
            if (splitValues.size() == 2) {
                int newValue = askQuestionForIntRange(
                        Aws::String("Enter a new value in the range ") +
                        autoIncParameter.GetAllowedValues() + ": ",
                        splitValues[0], splitValues[1]);
                autoIncParameter.SetParameterValue(std::to_string(newValue));
                updateParameters.push_back(autoIncParameter);

            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error parsing " << autoIncParameter.GetAllowedValues()
                          << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }

    {
        // 5.  Modify the auto increment parameters in the group.
        Aws::RDS::Model::ModifyDBParameterGroupRequest request;
        request.SetDBParameterGroupName(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        request.SetParameters(updateParameters);

        Aws::RDS::Model::ModifyDBParameterGroupOutcome outcome =
                client.ModifyDBParameterGroup(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB parameter group was successfully modified."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::ModifyDBParameterGroup. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
        }
    }

    std::cout
            << "You can get a list of parameters you've set by specifying a source of 'user'."
            << std::endl;

    Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter> userParameters;
    // 6.  Display the modified parameters in the group.
    if (!getDBParameters(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, NO_NAME_PREFIX, "user", userParameters,
                         client)) {
        cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, "", client);
        return false;
    }

    for (const auto &userParameter: userParameters) {
        std::cout << "  " << userParameter.GetParameterName() << ", " <<
                  userParameter.GetDescription() << ", parameter value - "
                  << userParameter.GetParameterValue() << std::endl;
    }

    printAsterisksLine();
    std::cout << "Checking for an existing DB instance." << std::endl;

    Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance dbInstance;
    // 7.  Check if the DB instance already exists.
    if (!describeDBInstance(DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, dbInstance, client)) {
        cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, "", client);
        return false;
    }

    if (dbInstance.DbInstancePortHasBeenSet()) {
        std::cout << "The DB instance already exists." << std::endl;
    }
    else {
        std::cout << "Let's create a DB instance." << std::endl;
        const Aws::String administratorName = askQuestion(
                "Enter an administrator username for the database: ");
        const Aws::String administratorPassword = askQuestion(
                "Enter a password for the administrator (at least 8 characters): ");
        Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion> engineVersions;

        // 8.  Get a list of available engine versions.
        if (!getDBEngineVersions(DB_ENGINE, dbParameterGroupFamily, engineVersions,
                                 client)) {
            cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, "", client);
            return false;
        }

        std::cout << "The available engines for your parameter group are:" << std::endl;

        int index = 1;
        for (const Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion &engineVersion: engineVersions) {
            std::cout << "  " << index << ": " << engineVersion.GetEngineVersion()
                      << std::endl;
            ++index;
        }
        int choice = askQuestionForIntRange("Which engine do you want to use? ", 1,
                                            static_cast<int>(engineVersions.size()));
        const Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion engineVersion = engineVersions[choice -
                                                                              1];

        Aws::String dbInstanceClass;
        // 9.  Get a list of micro instance classes.
        if (!chooseMicroDBInstanceClass(engineVersion.GetEngine(),
                                        engineVersion.GetEngineVersion(),
                                        dbInstanceClass,
                                        client)) {
            cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, "", client);
            return false;
        }

        std::cout << "Creating a DB instance named '" << DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER
                  << "' and database '" << DB_NAME << "'.\n"
                  << "The DB instance is configured to use your custom parameter group '"
                  << PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME << "',\n"
                  << "selected engine version " << engineVersion.GetEngineVersion()
                  << ",\n"
                  << "selected DB instance class '" << dbInstanceClass << "',"
                  << " and " << DB_ALLOCATED_STORAGE << " GiB of " << DB_STORAGE_TYPE
                  << " storage.\nThis typically takes several minutes." << std::endl;

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBInstanceRequest request;
        request.SetDBName(DB_NAME);
        request.SetDBInstanceIdentifier(DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER);
        request.SetDBParameterGroupName(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        request.SetEngine(engineVersion.GetEngine());
        request.SetEngineVersion(engineVersion.GetEngineVersion());
        request.SetDBInstanceClass(dbInstanceClass);
        request.SetStorageType(DB_STORAGE_TYPE);
        request.SetAllocatedStorage(DB_ALLOCATED_STORAGE);
        request.SetMasterUsername(administratorName);
        request.SetMasterUserPassword(administratorPassword);

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBInstanceOutcome outcome =
                client.CreateDBInstance(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB instance creation has started."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::CreateDBInstance. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, "", client);
            return false;
        }
    }

    std::cout << "Waiting for the DB instance to become available." << std::endl;

    int counter = 0;
    // 11. Wait for the DB instance to become available.
    do {
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
        ++counter;
        if (counter > 900) {
            std::cerr << "Wait for instance to become available timed out ofter "
                      << counter
                      << " seconds." << std::endl;
            cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
            return false;
        }

        dbInstance = Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance();
        if (!describeDBInstance(DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, dbInstance, client)) {
            cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
            return false;
        }

        if ((counter % 20) == 0) {
            std::cout << "Current DB instance status is '"
                      << dbInstance.GetDBInstanceStatus()
                      << "' after " << counter << " seconds." << std::endl;
        }
    } while (dbInstance.GetDBInstanceStatus() != "available");

    if (dbInstance.GetDBInstanceStatus() == "available") {
        std::cout << "The DB instance has been created." << std::endl;
    }

    printAsterisksLine();

    // 12. Display the connection string that can be used to connect a 'mysql' shell to the database.
    displayConnection(dbInstance);

    printAsterisksLine();

    if (askYesNoQuestion(
            "Do you want to create a snapshot of your DB instance (y/n)? ")) {
        Aws::String snapshotID(DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER + "-" +
                               Aws::String(Aws::Utils::UUID::RandomUUID()));
        {
            std::cout << "Creating a snapshot named " << snapshotID << "." << std::endl;
            std::cout << "This typically takes a few minutes." << std::endl;

            // 13. Create a snapshot of the DB instance.
            Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBSnapshotRequest request;
            request.SetDBInstanceIdentifier(DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER);
            request.SetDBSnapshotIdentifier(snapshotID);

            Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBSnapshotOutcome outcome =
                    client.CreateDBSnapshot(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                std::cout << "Snapshot creation has started."
                          << std::endl;
            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error with RDS::CreateDBSnapshot. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
                return false;
            }
        }

        std::cout << "Waiting for snapshot to become available." << std::endl;

        Aws::RDS::Model::DBSnapshot snapshot;
        counter = 0;
        do {
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
            ++counter;
            if (counter > 600) {
                std::cerr << "Wait for snapshot to be available timed out ofter "
                          << counter
                          << " seconds." << std::endl;
                cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
                return false;
            }

            // 14. Wait for the snapshot to become available.
            Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBSnapshotsRequest request;
            request.SetDBSnapshotIdentifier(snapshotID);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBSnapshotsOutcome outcome =
                    client.DescribeDBSnapshots(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                snapshot = outcome.GetResult().GetDBSnapshots()[0];
            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DescribeDBSnapshots. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
                return false;
            }

            if ((counter % 20) == 0) {
                std::cout << "Current snapshot status is '"
                          << snapshot.GetStatus()
                          << "' after " << counter << " seconds." << std::endl;
            }
        } while (snapshot.GetStatus() != "available");

        if (snapshot.GetStatus() != "available") {
            std::cout << "A snapshot has been created." << std::endl;
        }
    }

    printAsterisksLine();

    bool result = true;
    if (askYesNoQuestion(
            "Do you want to delete the DB instance and parameter group (y/n)? ")) {
        result = cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
    }

    return result;
}


//! Routine which gets DB parameters using the 'DescribeDBParameters' api.
/*!
 \sa getDBParameters()
 \param parameterGroupName: The name of the parameter group.
 \param namePrefix: Prefix string to filter results by parameter name.
 \param source: A source such as 'user', ignored if empty.
 \param parametersResult: Vector of 'Parameter' objects returned by the routine.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::RDS::getDBParameters(const Aws::String &parameterGroupName,
                                  const Aws::String &namePrefix,
                                  const Aws::String &source,
                                  Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter> &parametersResult,
                                  const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    Aws::String marker;
    do {
        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBParametersRequest request;
        request.SetDBParameterGroupName(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        if (!marker.empty()) {
            request.SetMarker(marker);
        }
        if (!source.empty()) {
            request.SetSource(source);
        }

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBParametersOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeDBParameters(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            const Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter> &parameters =
                    outcome.GetResult().GetParameters();
            for (const Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter &parameter: parameters) {
                if (!namePrefix.empty()) {
                    if (parameter.GetParameterName().find(namePrefix) == 0) {
                        parametersResult.push_back(parameter);
                    }
                }
                else {
                    parametersResult.push_back(parameter);
                }
            }

            marker = outcome.GetResult().GetMarker();
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DescribeDBParameters. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    } while (!marker.empty());

    return true;
}


//! Routine which gets available DB engine versions for an engine name and
//! an optional parameter group family.
/*!
 \sa getDBEngineVersions()
 \param engineName: A DB engine name.
 \param parameterGroupFamily: A parameter group family name, ignored if empty.
 \param engineVersionsResult: Vector of 'DBEngineVersion' objects returned by the routine.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::RDS::getDBEngineVersions(const Aws::String &engineName,
                                      const Aws::String &parameterGroupFamily,
                                      Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion> &engineVersionsResult,
                                      const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBEngineVersionsRequest request;
    request.SetEngine(engineName);
    if (!parameterGroupFamily.empty()) {
        request.SetDBParameterGroupFamily(parameterGroupFamily);
    }

    engineVersionsResult.clear();
    Aws::String marker; // Used for pagination.

    do {
        if (!marker.empty()) {
            request.SetMarker(marker);
        }


        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBEngineVersionsOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeDBEngineVersions(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            auto &engineVersions = outcome.GetResult().GetDBEngineVersions();
            engineVersionsResult.insert(engineVersionsResult.end(), engineVersions.begin(),
                                        engineVersions.end());
            marker = outcome.GetResult().GetMarker();
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DescribeDBEngineVersionsRequest. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }

    } while (!marker.empty());


    return true;
}


//! Routine which gets a DB instance description.
/*!
 \sa describeDBInstance()
 \param dbInstanceIdentifier: A DB instance identifier.
 \param instanceResult: The 'DBInstance' object containing the description.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::RDS::describeDBInstance(const Aws::String &dbInstanceIdentifier,
                                     Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance &instanceResult,
                                     const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBInstancesRequest request;
    request.SetDBInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier);

    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBInstancesOutcome outcome =
            client.DescribeDBInstances(request);

    bool result = true;
    if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
        instanceResult = outcome.GetResult().GetDBInstances()[0];
    }
    else if (outcome.GetError().GetErrorType() !=
             Aws::RDS::RDSErrors::D_B_INSTANCE_NOT_FOUND_FAULT) {
        result = false;
        std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DescribeDBInstances. "
                  << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                  << std::endl;
    }
        // This example does not log an error if the DB instance does not exist.
        // Instead, instanceResult is set to empty.
    else {
        instanceResult = Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance();
    }

    return result;
}


//! Routine which gets available 'micro' DB instance classes, displays the list
//! to the user, and returns the user selection.
/*!
 \sa chooseMicroDBInstanceClass()
 \param engineName: The DB engine name.
 \param engineVersion: The DB engine version.
 \param dbInstanceClass: String for DB instance class chosen by the user.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::RDS::chooseMicroDBInstanceClass(const Aws::String &engine,
                                             const Aws::String &engineVersion,
                                             Aws::String &dbInstanceClass,
                                             const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    std::vector<Aws::String> instanceClasses;
    Aws::String marker;
    do {
        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptionsRequest request;
        request.SetEngine(engine);
        request.SetEngineVersion(engineVersion);
        if (!marker.empty()) {
            request.SetMarker(marker);
        }

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptionsOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptions(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            const Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::OrderableDBInstanceOption> &options =
                    outcome.GetResult().GetOrderableDBInstanceOptions();
            for (const Aws::RDS::Model::OrderableDBInstanceOption &option: options) {
                const Aws::String &instanceClass = option.GetDBInstanceClass();
                if (instanceClass.find("micro") != std::string::npos) {
                    if (std::find(instanceClasses.begin(), instanceClasses.end(),
                                  instanceClass) ==
                        instanceClasses.end()) {
                        instanceClasses.push_back(instanceClass);
                    }
                }
            }
            marker = outcome.GetResult().GetMarker();
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptions. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    } while (!marker.empty());

    std::cout << "The available micro DB instance classes for your database engine are:"
              << std::endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < instanceClasses.size(); ++i) {
        std::cout << "   " << i + 1 << ": " << instanceClasses[i] << std::endl;
    }

    int choice = askQuestionForIntRange(
            "Which micro DB instance class do you want to use? ",
            1, static_cast<int>(instanceClasses.size()));
    dbInstanceClass = instanceClasses[choice - 1];
    return true;
}

//! Routine which deletes resources created by the scenario.
/*!
\sa cleanUpResources()
\param parameterGroupName: A parameter group name, this may be empty.
\param dbInstanceIdentifier: A DB instance identifier, this may be empty.
\param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
\return bool: Successful completion.
*/
bool AwsDoc::RDS::cleanUpResources(const Aws::String &parameterGroupName,
                                   const Aws::String &dbInstanceIdentifier,
                                   const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    bool result = true;
    if (!dbInstanceIdentifier.empty()) {
        {
            // 15. Delete the DB instance.
            Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBInstanceRequest request;
            request.SetDBInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier);
            request.SetSkipFinalSnapshot(true);
            request.SetDeleteAutomatedBackups(true);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBInstanceOutcome outcome =
                    client.DeleteDBInstance(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                std::cout << "DB instance deletion has started."
                          << std::endl;
            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DeleteDBInstance. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                result = false;
            }
        }

        std::cout
                << "Waiting for DB instance to delete before deleting the parameter group."
                << std::endl;
        std::cout << "This may take a while." << std::endl;

        int counter = 0;
        Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance dbInstance;
        do {
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
            ++counter;
            if (counter > 800) {
                std::cerr << "Wait for instance to delete timed out ofter " << counter
                          << " seconds." << std::endl;
                return false;
            }

            dbInstance = Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance();
            // 16. Wait for the DB instance to be deleted.
            if (!describeDBInstance(dbInstanceIdentifier, dbInstance, client)) {
                return false;
            }

            if (dbInstance.DBInstanceIdentifierHasBeenSet() && (counter % 20) == 0) {
                std::cout << "Current DB instance status is '"
                          << dbInstance.GetDBInstanceStatus()
                          << "' after " << counter << " seconds." << std::endl;
            }
        } while (dbInstance.DBInstanceIdentifierHasBeenSet());
    }

    if (!parameterGroupName.empty()) {
        // 17. Delete the parameter group.
        Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBParameterGroupRequest request;
        request.SetDBParameterGroupName(parameterGroupName);

        Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBParameterGroupOutcome outcome =
                client.DeleteDBParameterGroup(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB parameter group was successfully deleted."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DeleteDBParameterGroup. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            result = false;
        }
    }

    return result;
}

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBInstanceRequest request;
        request.SetDBName(DB_NAME);
        request.SetDBInstanceIdentifier(DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER);
        request.SetDBParameterGroupName(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        request.SetEngine(engineVersion.GetEngine());
        request.SetEngineVersion(engineVersion.GetEngineVersion());
        request.SetDBInstanceClass(dbInstanceClass);
        request.SetStorageType(DB_STORAGE_TYPE);
        request.SetAllocatedStorage(DB_ALLOCATED_STORAGE);
        request.SetMasterUsername(administratorName);
        request.SetMasterUserPassword(administratorPassword);

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBInstanceOutcome outcome =
                client.CreateDBInstance(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB instance creation has started."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::CreateDBInstance. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, "", client);
            return false;
        }

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBParameterGroupRequest request;
        request.SetDBParameterGroupName(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        request.SetDBParameterGroupFamily(dbParameterGroupFamily);
        request.SetDescription("Example parameter group.");

        Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBParameterGroupOutcome outcome =
                client.CreateDBParameterGroup(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB parameter group was successfully created."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::CreateDBParameterGroup. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

            Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBSnapshotRequest request;
            request.SetDBInstanceIdentifier(DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER);
            request.SetDBSnapshotIdentifier(snapshotID);

            Aws::RDS::Model::CreateDBSnapshotOutcome outcome =
                    client.CreateDBSnapshot(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                std::cout << "Snapshot creation has started."
                          << std::endl;
            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error with RDS::CreateDBSnapshot. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
                return false;
            }

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBInstanceRequest request;
            request.SetDBInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier);
            request.SetSkipFinalSnapshot(true);
            request.SetDeleteAutomatedBackups(true);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBInstanceOutcome outcome =
                    client.DeleteDBInstance(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                std::cout << "DB instance deletion has started."
                          << std::endl;
            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DeleteDBInstance. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                result = false;
            }

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

        Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBParameterGroupRequest request;
        request.SetDBParameterGroupName(parameterGroupName);

        Aws::RDS::Model::DeleteDBParameterGroupOutcome outcome =
                client.DeleteDBParameterGroup(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB parameter group was successfully deleted."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DeleteDBParameterGroup. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            result = false;
        }

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);


//! Routine which gets available DB engine versions for an engine name and
//! an optional parameter group family.
/*!
 \sa getDBEngineVersions()
 \param engineName: A DB engine name.
 \param parameterGroupFamily: A parameter group family name, ignored if empty.
 \param engineVersionsResult: Vector of 'DBEngineVersion' objects returned by the routine.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::RDS::getDBEngineVersions(const Aws::String &engineName,
                                      const Aws::String &parameterGroupFamily,
                                      Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::DBEngineVersion> &engineVersionsResult,
                                      const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBEngineVersionsRequest request;
    request.SetEngine(engineName);
    if (!parameterGroupFamily.empty()) {
        request.SetDBParameterGroupFamily(parameterGroupFamily);
    }

    engineVersionsResult.clear();
    Aws::String marker; // Used for pagination.

    do {
        if (!marker.empty()) {
            request.SetMarker(marker);
        }


        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBEngineVersionsOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeDBEngineVersions(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            auto &engineVersions = outcome.GetResult().GetDBEngineVersions();
            engineVersionsResult.insert(engineVersionsResult.end(), engineVersions.begin(),
                                        engineVersions.end());
            marker = outcome.GetResult().GetMarker();
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DescribeDBEngineVersionsRequest. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }

    } while (!marker.empty());


    return true;
}

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);


//! Routine which gets a DB instance description.
/*!
 \sa describeDBInstance()
 \param dbInstanceIdentifier: A DB instance identifier.
 \param instanceResult: The 'DBInstance' object containing the description.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::RDS::describeDBInstance(const Aws::String &dbInstanceIdentifier,
                                     Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance &instanceResult,
                                     const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBInstancesRequest request;
    request.SetDBInstanceIdentifier(dbInstanceIdentifier);

    Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBInstancesOutcome outcome =
            client.DescribeDBInstances(request);

    bool result = true;
    if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
        instanceResult = outcome.GetResult().GetDBInstances()[0];
    }
    else if (outcome.GetError().GetErrorType() !=
             Aws::RDS::RDSErrors::D_B_INSTANCE_NOT_FOUND_FAULT) {
        result = false;
        std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DescribeDBInstances. "
                  << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                  << std::endl;
    }
        // This example does not log an error if the DB instance does not exist.
        // Instead, instanceResult is set to empty.
    else {
        instanceResult = Aws::RDS::Model::DBInstance();
    }

    return result;
}

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBParameterGroupsRequest request;
        request.SetDBParameterGroupName(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBParameterGroupsOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeDBParameterGroups(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "DB parameter group named '" <<
                      PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME << "' already exists." << std::endl;
            dbParameterGroupFamily = outcome.GetResult().GetDBParameterGroups()[0].GetDBParameterGroupFamily();
        }

        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DescribeDBParameterGroups. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);


//! Routine which gets DB parameters using the 'DescribeDBParameters' api.
/*!
 \sa getDBParameters()
 \param parameterGroupName: The name of the parameter group.
 \param namePrefix: Prefix string to filter results by parameter name.
 \param source: A source such as 'user', ignored if empty.
 \param parametersResult: Vector of 'Parameter' objects returned by the routine.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::RDS::getDBParameters(const Aws::String &parameterGroupName,
                                  const Aws::String &namePrefix,
                                  const Aws::String &source,
                                  Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter> &parametersResult,
                                  const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    Aws::String marker;
    do {
        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBParametersRequest request;
        request.SetDBParameterGroupName(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        if (!marker.empty()) {
            request.SetMarker(marker);
        }
        if (!source.empty()) {
            request.SetSource(source);
        }

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBParametersOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeDBParameters(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            const Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter> &parameters =
                    outcome.GetResult().GetParameters();
            for (const Aws::RDS::Model::Parameter &parameter: parameters) {
                if (!namePrefix.empty()) {
                    if (parameter.GetParameterName().find(namePrefix) == 0) {
                        parametersResult.push_back(parameter);
                    }
                }
                else {
                    parametersResult.push_back(parameter);
                }
            }

            marker = outcome.GetResult().GetMarker();
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DescribeDBParameters. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    } while (!marker.empty());

    return true;
}

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBSnapshotsRequest request;
            request.SetDBSnapshotIdentifier(snapshotID);

            Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeDBSnapshotsOutcome outcome =
                    client.DescribeDBSnapshots(request);

            if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
                snapshot = outcome.GetResult().GetDBSnapshots()[0];
            }
            else {
                std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DescribeDBSnapshots. "
                          << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                          << std::endl;
                cleanUpResources(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME, DB_INSTANCE_IDENTIFIER, client);
                return false;
            }

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);


//! Routine which gets available 'micro' DB instance classes, displays the list
//! to the user, and returns the user selection.
/*!
 \sa chooseMicroDBInstanceClass()
 \param engineName: The DB engine name.
 \param engineVersion: The DB engine version.
 \param dbInstanceClass: String for DB instance class chosen by the user.
 \param client: 'RDSClient' instance.
 \return bool: Successful completion.
 */
bool AwsDoc::RDS::chooseMicroDBInstanceClass(const Aws::String &engine,
                                             const Aws::String &engineVersion,
                                             Aws::String &dbInstanceClass,
                                             const Aws::RDS::RDSClient &client) {
    std::vector<Aws::String> instanceClasses;
    Aws::String marker;
    do {
        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptionsRequest request;
        request.SetEngine(engine);
        request.SetEngineVersion(engineVersion);
        if (!marker.empty()) {
            request.SetMarker(marker);
        }

        Aws::RDS::Model::DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptionsOutcome outcome =
                client.DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptions(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            const Aws::Vector<Aws::RDS::Model::OrderableDBInstanceOption> &options =
                    outcome.GetResult().GetOrderableDBInstanceOptions();
            for (const Aws::RDS::Model::OrderableDBInstanceOption &option: options) {
                const Aws::String &instanceClass = option.GetDBInstanceClass();
                if (instanceClass.find("micro") != std::string::npos) {
                    if (std::find(instanceClasses.begin(), instanceClasses.end(),
                                  instanceClass) ==
                        instanceClasses.end()) {
                        instanceClasses.push_back(instanceClass);
                    }
                }
            }
            marker = outcome.GetResult().GetMarker();
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptions. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    } while (!marker.empty());

    std::cout << "The available micro DB instance classes for your database engine are:"
              << std::endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < instanceClasses.size(); ++i) {
        std::cout << "   " << i + 1 << ": " << instanceClasses[i] << std::endl;
    }

    int choice = askQuestionForIntRange(
            "Which micro DB instance class do you want to use? ",
            1, static_cast<int>(instanceClasses.size()));
    dbInstanceClass = instanceClasses[choice - 1];
    return true;
}

        Aws::Client::ClientConfiguration clientConfig;
        // Optional: Set to the AWS Region (overrides config file).
        // clientConfig.region = "us-east-1";

    Aws::RDS::RDSClient client(clientConfig);

        Aws::RDS::Model::ModifyDBParameterGroupRequest request;
        request.SetDBParameterGroupName(PARAMETER_GROUP_NAME);
        request.SetParameters(updateParameters);

        Aws::RDS::Model::ModifyDBParameterGroupOutcome outcome =
                client.ModifyDBParameterGroup(request);

        if (outcome.IsSuccess()) {
            std::cout << "The DB parameter group was successfully modified."
                      << std::endl;
        }
        else {
            std::cerr << "Error with RDS::ModifyDBParameterGroup. "
                      << outcome.GetError().GetMessage()
                      << std::endl;
        }

說明如何建立可追蹤和報告存放在 Amazon Aurora Serverless 資料庫中的工作項目的 Web 應用程式。

如需如何設定查詢 Amazon Aurora Serverless 資料並供 React 應用程式使用之 C++ API REST 的完整原始程式碼和指示，請參閱 GitHub 上的完整範例。