使用適用於 Python 的 SDK (Boto3) 的 Amazon ECS 範例

import logging

import boto3
from botocore.exceptions import ClientError

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def hello_ecs():
    """
    Lists the Amazon ECS clusters in the current AWS region.
    Uses a paginator to handle large numbers of clusters.
    """
    ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
    try:
        paginator = ecs_client.get_paginator("list_clusters")
        cluster_arns = list()
        for page in paginator.paginate():
            cluster_arns.extend(page.get("clusterArns", list()))
        if cluster_arns:
            print(f"Found {len(cluster_arns)} ECS cluster(s):")
            for arn in cluster_arns:
                print(f"  - {arn}")
        else:
            print("No ECS clusters found in the current region.")
    except ClientError as err:
        logger.error(
            "Error listing ECS clusters: %s: %s",
            err.response["Error"]["Code"],
            err.response["Error"]["Message"],
        )
        raise


if __name__ == "__main__":
    hello_ecs()

在命令提示中執行互動式案例。

import json
import logging
import os
import sys

import boto3
from botocore.exceptions import ClientError, WaiterError

# The EcsWrapper lives in the parent directory (python/example_code/ecs/).
# Add it to the path so this scenario can be run directly from the scenarios/ folder.
sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
from ecs_wrapper import EcsWrapper

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

CLUSTER_NAME = "ecs-basics-cluster"
TASK_FAMILY = "ecs-basics-task-def"
SERVICE_NAME = "ecs-basics-service"
STACK_NAME = "ecs-basics-prerequisites"


def get_cfn_template():
    """Returns the CloudFormation template as a JSON string."""
    template = {
        "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
        "Description": "ECS Basics - VPC, subnets, security group, and task execution role.",
        "Resources": {
            "EcsTaskExecutionRole": {
                "Type": "AWS::IAM::Role",
                "Properties": {
                    "AssumeRolePolicyDocument": {
                        "Version":"2012-10-17",
                        "Statement": [
                            {
                                "Effect": "Allow",
                                "Principal": {"Service": "ecs-tasks.amazonaws.com"},
                                "Action": "sts:AssumeRole",
                            }
                        ],
                    },
                    "ManagedPolicyArns": [
                        "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AmazonECSTaskExecutionRolePolicy"
                    ],
                },
            },
            "Vpc": {
                "Type": "AWS::EC2::VPC",
                "Properties": {
                    "CidrBlock": "10.0.0.0/16",
                    "EnableDnsSupport": True,
                    "EnableDnsHostnames": True,
                },
            },
            "InternetGateway": {"Type": "AWS::EC2::InternetGateway"},
            "AttachGateway": {
                "Type": "AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment",
                "Properties": {
                    "VpcId": {"Ref": "Vpc"},
                    "InternetGatewayId": {"Ref": "InternetGateway"},
                },
            },
            "PublicSubnetOne": {
                "Type": "AWS::EC2::Subnet",
                "Properties": {
                    "VpcId": {"Ref": "Vpc"},
                    "CidrBlock": "10.0.1.0/24",
                    "AvailabilityZone": {"Fn::Select": ["0", {"Fn::GetAZs": ""}]},
                    "MapPublicIpOnLaunch": True,
                },
            },
            "PublicSubnetTwo": {
                "Type": "AWS::EC2::Subnet",
                "Properties": {
                    "VpcId": {"Ref": "Vpc"},
                    "CidrBlock": "10.0.2.0/24",
                    "AvailabilityZone": {"Fn::Select": ["1", {"Fn::GetAZs": ""}]},
                    "MapPublicIpOnLaunch": True,
                },
            },
            "RouteTable": {
                "Type": "AWS::EC2::RouteTable",
                "Properties": {"VpcId": {"Ref": "Vpc"}},
            },
            "DefaultRoute": {
                "Type": "AWS::EC2::Route",
                "DependsOn": "AttachGateway",
                "Properties": {
                    "RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTable"},
                    "DestinationCidrBlock": "0.0.0.0/0",
                    "GatewayId": {"Ref": "InternetGateway"},
                },
            },
            "SubnetOneRouteTableAssoc": {
                "Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation",
                "Properties": {
                    "SubnetId": {"Ref": "PublicSubnetOne"},
                    "RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTable"},
                },
            },
            "SubnetTwoRouteTableAssoc": {
                "Type": "AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation",
                "Properties": {
                    "SubnetId": {"Ref": "PublicSubnetTwo"},
                    "RouteTableId": {"Ref": "RouteTable"},
                },
            },
            "SecurityGroup": {
                "Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup",
                "Properties": {
                    "GroupDescription": "ECS Basics security group",
                    "VpcId": {"Ref": "Vpc"},
                    "SecurityGroupEgress": [
                        {
                            "IpProtocol": "-1",
                            "CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0",
                        }
                    ],
                },
            },
        },
        "Outputs": {
            "TaskExecutionRoleArn": {
                "Value": {"Fn::GetAtt": ["EcsTaskExecutionRole", "Arn"]},
            },
            "SubnetIdOne": {"Value": {"Ref": "PublicSubnetOne"}},
            "SubnetIdTwo": {"Value": {"Ref": "PublicSubnetTwo"}},
            "SecurityGroupId": {"Value": {"Ref": "SecurityGroup"}},
        },
    }
    return json.dumps(template)


# Stack states that cannot be reused or updated in place. A stack in one of
# these states is the residue of a failed create/rollback and must be deleted
# before a fresh stack can be created with the same name.
_UNUSABLE_STACK_STATES = frozenset(
    {"ROLLBACK_COMPLETE", "ROLLBACK_FAILED", "CREATE_FAILED", "DELETE_FAILED"}
)


def _delete_stack_if_unusable(cfn_client):
    """
    Deletes the stack if it exists in an unusable state from a prior failed run.

    CloudFormation will not let you create a stack whose name is already taken,
    and a stack stuck in ROLLBACK_COMPLETE (or similar) can neither be updated
    nor reused. Removing it first makes the scenario safely re-entrant.
    """
    try:
        response = cfn_client.describe_stacks(StackName=STACK_NAME)
    except ClientError as err:
        # No existing stack (or we can't read it): nothing to clean up.
        if "does not exist" in err.response["Error"]["Message"]:
            return
        raise

    status = response["Stacks"][0]["StackStatus"]
    if status in _UNUSABLE_STACK_STATES:
        print(
            f"Stack '{STACK_NAME}' is in an unusable state ({status}) from a "
            "previous run; deleting it before redeploying..."
        )
        delete_stack(cfn_client)


def deploy_stack(cfn_client):
    """Deploys the CloudFormation stack and returns outputs as a dict."""
    print(f"\nDeploying CloudFormation stack '{STACK_NAME}'...")
    # A stack left over from a previous failed run (e.g. ROLLBACK_COMPLETE or
    # CREATE_FAILED) cannot be reused or updated in place; it has no usable
    # outputs and must be deleted before we can create a fresh one. Clean it up
    # first so the scenario is re-entrant.
    _delete_stack_if_unusable(cfn_client)

    try:
        cfn_client.create_stack(
            StackName=STACK_NAME,
            TemplateBody=get_cfn_template(),
            Capabilities=["CAPABILITY_IAM"],
        )
        waiter = cfn_client.get_waiter("stack_create_complete")
        print("Waiting for stack creation to complete...")
        waiter.wait(
            StackName=STACK_NAME, WaiterConfig={"Delay": 15, "MaxAttempts": 60}
        )
    except ClientError as err:
        if err.response["Error"]["Code"] == "AlreadyExistsException":
            # The stack already exists in a usable (complete) state. Reuse its
            # outputs rather than failing, so repeated runs are graceful.
            print(
                f"Stack '{STACK_NAME}' already exists; reusing its outputs. "
                "Delete it manually if you need a clean deployment."
            )
        else:
            raise

    stack = cfn_client.describe_stacks(StackName=STACK_NAME)["Stacks"][0]

    # Only a stack in a complete state exposes usable outputs. If it ended up in
    # any other state (e.g. ROLLBACK_COMPLETE), "Outputs" is absent and blindly
    # reading stack_outputs["TaskExecutionRoleArn"] later would raise a
    # confusing KeyError. Fail fast here with a clear message instead.
    status = stack["StackStatus"]
    if status not in ("CREATE_COMPLETE", "UPDATE_COMPLETE"):
        raise RuntimeError(
            f"Stack '{STACK_NAME}' is in state '{status}', which has no usable "
            "outputs. Delete the stack and re-run the scenario."
        )

    # CloudFormation omits the "Outputs" key entirely when a stack has none, so
    # default to an empty list rather than indexing directly.
    outputs = stack.get("Outputs", list())
    result = dict()
    for output in outputs:
        result[output["OutputKey"]] = output["OutputValue"]
    print(f"Stack outputs: {result}")
    return result


def delete_stack(cfn_client):
    """Deletes the CloudFormation stack."""
    print(f"\nDeleting CloudFormation stack '{STACK_NAME}'...")
    try:
        cfn_client.delete_stack(StackName=STACK_NAME)
        waiter = cfn_client.get_waiter("stack_delete_complete")
        waiter.wait(StackName=STACK_NAME, WaiterConfig={"Delay": 15, "MaxAttempts": 60})
        print("Stack deleted.")
    except ClientError as err:
        logger.error("Failed to delete stack: %s", err)


def run_scenario():
    """Runs the ECS Basics scenario."""
    ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
    cfn_client = boto3.client("cloudformation")
    wrapper = EcsWrapper(ecs_client)

    cluster_name = None
    task_def_arn = None
    standalone_task_arn = None
    service_name = None

    try:
        # --- Setup: Deploy CloudFormation stack ---
        stack_outputs = deploy_stack(cfn_client)
        execution_role_arn = stack_outputs["TaskExecutionRoleArn"]
        subnets = [stack_outputs["SubnetIdOne"], stack_outputs["SubnetIdTwo"]]
        security_groups = [stack_outputs["SecurityGroupId"]]

        # --- Setup: Create ECS cluster ---
        print(f"\nCreating ECS cluster '{CLUSTER_NAME}'...")
        cluster = wrapper.create_cluster(CLUSTER_NAME)
        cluster_name = cluster["clusterName"]
        print(f"  Cluster: {cluster['clusterName']} (ARN: {cluster['clusterArn']})")
        print(f"  Status: {cluster['status']}")

        # --- Step 1: Register task definition ---
        print(f"\nRegistering task definition '{TASK_FAMILY}'...")
        task_def = wrapper.register_task_definition(
            family=TASK_FAMILY,
            execution_role_arn=execution_role_arn,
        )
        task_def_arn = f"{task_def['family']}:{task_def['revision']}"
        print(f"  Family: {task_def['family']}, Revision: {task_def['revision']}")
        print(f"  ARN: {task_def['taskDefinitionArn']}")

        # --- Step 2: Describe the cluster ---
        print(f"\nDescribing cluster '{cluster_name}'...")
        clusters = wrapper.describe_clusters([cluster_name])
        if clusters:
            c = clusters[0]
            print(f"  Name: {c['clusterName']}, Status: {c['status']}")
            print(f"  Active services: {c['activeServicesCount']}")
            print(f"  Running tasks: {c['runningTasksCount']}")

        # --- Step 3: Run a standalone task ---
        print(f"\nRunning standalone task with '{task_def_arn}'...")
        tasks = wrapper.run_task(
            cluster=cluster_name,
            task_definition=task_def_arn,
            subnets=subnets,
            security_groups=security_groups,
        )
        if tasks:
            standalone_task_arn = tasks[0]["taskArn"]
            print(f"  Task ARN: {standalone_task_arn}")
            print(f"  Status: {tasks[0]['lastStatus']}")
        else:
            # run_task can return an empty task list when every task fails to
            # start (see the 'failures' entry in the run_task response). Surface
            # this clearly so the reader knows Step 4 was skipped intentionally
            # rather than assuming the task launched successfully.
            logger.warning(
                "No tasks were started for '%s'. The task may have failed to "
                "launch (check the 'failures' field in the run_task response). "
                "Skipping the wait-and-describe step.",
                task_def_arn,
            )
            print("  No tasks were started; skipping the wait-and-describe step.")

        # --- Step 4: Wait for task to run, then describe it ---
        if standalone_task_arn:
            print("\nWaiting for task to reach RUNNING state...")
            try:
                waiter = ecs_client.get_waiter("tasks_running")
                waiter.wait(
                    cluster=cluster_name,
                    tasks=[standalone_task_arn],
                    WaiterConfig={"Delay": 6, "MaxAttempts": 100},
                )
            except WaiterError:
                print("  Task did not reach RUNNING state within timeout.")

            task_details = wrapper.describe_tasks(cluster_name, [standalone_task_arn])
            if task_details:
                t = task_details[0]
                print(f"  Task status: {t['lastStatus']}")
                for container in t.get("containers", list()):
                    print(f"  Container '{container['name']}': {container['lastStatus']}")

        # --- Step 5: Create a service ---
        print(f"\nCreating service '{SERVICE_NAME}'...")
        service = wrapper.create_service(
            cluster=cluster_name,
            service_name=SERVICE_NAME,
            task_definition=task_def_arn,
            desired_count=1,
            subnets=subnets,
            security_groups=security_groups,
        )
        service_name = service["serviceName"]
        print(f"  Service: {service['serviceName']} (ARN: {service['serviceArn']})")
        print(f"  Desired count: {service['desiredCount']}")

        # --- Step 6: List tasks in the service ---
        print("\nWaiting for the service to reach a steady state...")
        try:
            services_waiter = ecs_client.get_waiter("services_stable")
            services_waiter.wait(
                cluster=cluster_name,
                services=[service_name],
                WaiterConfig={"Delay": 15, "MaxAttempts": 40},
            )
        except WaiterError:
            print("  Service did not stabilize within the timeout; continuing.")
        task_arns = wrapper.list_tasks(
            cluster=cluster_name, service_name=service_name
        )
        print(f"  Service tasks: {task_arns}")

        # --- Step 7: Describe the service ---
        print(f"\nDescribing service '{service_name}'...")
        services = wrapper.describe_services(cluster_name, [service_name])
        if services:
            s = services[0]
            print(f"  Name: {s['serviceName']}, Status: {s['status']}")
            print(f"  Desired: {s['desiredCount']}, Running: {s['runningCount']}")
            events = s.get("events", list())
            if events:
                print(f"  Latest event: {events[0].get('message', 'N/A')}")

        # --- Step 8: Update the service (scale up) ---
        print(f"\nScaling service '{service_name}' to 2 tasks...")
        updated = wrapper.update_service(
            cluster=cluster_name,
            service=service_name,
            desired_count=2,
        )
        print(f"  Updated desired count: {updated['desiredCount']}")

    except Exception:
        logger.exception("Scenario encountered an error.")
        raise

    finally:
        # --- Cleanup ---
        print("\n--- Cleanup ---")

        # Stop standalone task
        if standalone_task_arn and cluster_name:
            try:
                print(f"Stopping standalone task '{standalone_task_arn}'...")
                ecs_client.stop_task(
                    cluster=cluster_name,
                    task=standalone_task_arn,
                    reason="Scenario cleanup",
                )
                stopped_waiter = ecs_client.get_waiter("tasks_stopped")
                stopped_waiter.wait(
                    cluster=cluster_name,
                    tasks=[standalone_task_arn],
                    WaiterConfig={"Delay": 6, "MaxAttempts": 100},
                )
                print("  Standalone task stopped.")
            except (ClientError, WaiterError) as err:
                logger.warning("Could not stop standalone task: %s", err)

        # Scale down and delete service
        if service_name and cluster_name:
            try:
                print(f"Scaling down service '{service_name}' to 0...")
                wrapper.update_service(
                    cluster=cluster_name,
                    service=service_name,
                    desired_count=0,
                )
                # Wait for tasks to drain before deleting the service.
                try:
                    drain_waiter = ecs_client.get_waiter("services_stable")
                    drain_waiter.wait(
                        cluster=cluster_name,
                        services=[service_name],
                        WaiterConfig={"Delay": 15, "MaxAttempts": 40},
                    )
                except WaiterError:
                    logger.warning(
                        "Service '%s' did not drain within the timeout; "
                        "attempting force delete.",
                        service_name,
                    )
                print(f"Deleting service '{service_name}'...")
                wrapper.delete_service(cluster=cluster_name, service=service_name)
                print("  Service deleted.")
            except ClientError as err:
                logger.warning("Could not delete service: %s", err)

        # Deregister task definition
        if task_def_arn:
            try:
                print(f"Deregistering task definition '{task_def_arn}'...")
                wrapper.deregister_task_definition(task_def_arn)
                print("  Task definition deregistered.")
            except ClientError as err:
                logger.warning("Could not deregister task definition: %s", err)

        # Delete cluster
        if cluster_name:
            try:
                print(f"Deleting cluster '{cluster_name}'...")
                wrapper.delete_cluster(cluster_name)
                print("  Cluster deleted.")
            except ClientError as err:
                logger.warning("Could not delete cluster: %s", err)

        # Delete CloudFormation stack
        delete_stack(cfn_client)

    print("\nECS Basics scenario complete!")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(levelname)s: %(message)s")
    run_scenario()

建立包裝 ECS 操作的類別。

class EcsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon ECS operations."""

    def __init__(self, ecs_client: BaseClient):
        """
        Initializes the EcsWrapper with an ECS client.

        :param ecs_client: A Boto3 Amazon ECS client. Boto3 clients are created
            by the ``boto3.client`` factory function and are instances of
            ``botocore.client.BaseClient``, which is the correct type to
            annotate here (``boto3.client`` itself is a function, not a type).
        """
        self.ecs_client = ecs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> "EcsWrapper":
        """Creates an EcsWrapper using a default Boto3 ECS client."""
        ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
        return cls(ecs_client)

class EcsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon ECS operations."""

    def __init__(self, ecs_client: BaseClient):
        """
        Initializes the EcsWrapper with an ECS client.

        :param ecs_client: A Boto3 Amazon ECS client. Boto3 clients are created
            by the ``boto3.client`` factory function and are instances of
            ``botocore.client.BaseClient``, which is the correct type to
            annotate here (``boto3.client`` itself is a function, not a type).
        """
        self.ecs_client = ecs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> "EcsWrapper":
        """Creates an EcsWrapper using a default Boto3 ECS client."""
        ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
        return cls(ecs_client)


    def create_cluster(self, cluster_name: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Creates a new Amazon ECS cluster.

        :param cluster_name: The name of the cluster to create.
        :return: The cluster details from the response.
        :raises ClientError: If the request fails (e.g., InvalidParameterException).
        """
        try:
            response = self.ecs_client.create_cluster(
                clusterName=cluster_name,
                settings=[
                    {"name": "containerInsights", "value": "enabled"},
                ],
            )
            cluster = response["cluster"]
            logger.info(
                "Created cluster '%s' with ARN: %s",
                cluster["clusterName"],
                cluster["clusterArn"],
            )
            return cluster
        except ClientError as err:
            if err.response["Error"]["Code"] == "InvalidParameterException":
                logger.error(
                    "Invalid parameter when creating cluster '%s': %s",
                    cluster_name,
                    err.response["Error"]["Message"],
                )
            raise

class EcsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon ECS operations."""

    def __init__(self, ecs_client: BaseClient):
        """
        Initializes the EcsWrapper with an ECS client.

        :param ecs_client: A Boto3 Amazon ECS client. Boto3 clients are created
            by the ``boto3.client`` factory function and are instances of
            ``botocore.client.BaseClient``, which is the correct type to
            annotate here (``boto3.client`` itself is a function, not a type).
        """
        self.ecs_client = ecs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> "EcsWrapper":
        """Creates an EcsWrapper using a default Boto3 ECS client."""
        ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
        return cls(ecs_client)


    def create_service(
        self,
        cluster: str,
        service_name: str,
        task_definition: str,
        desired_count: int,
        subnets: List[str],
        security_groups: List[str],
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Creates a service that maintains a desired count of running tasks.

        :param cluster: The cluster name or ARN.
        :param service_name: The name for the service.
        :param task_definition: The task definition family or family:revision.
        :param desired_count: The number of task instances to maintain.
        :param subnets: List of subnet IDs.
        :param security_groups: List of security group IDs.
        :return: The service details from the response.
        :raises ClientError: If the request fails (e.g., InvalidParameterException).
        """
        try:
            response = self.ecs_client.create_service(
                cluster=cluster,
                serviceName=service_name,
                taskDefinition=task_definition,
                desiredCount=desired_count,
                launchType="FARGATE",
                networkConfiguration={
                    "awsvpcConfiguration": {
                        "subnets": subnets,
                        "securityGroups": security_groups,
                        "assignPublicIp": "ENABLED",
                    }
                },
            )
            service = response["service"]
            logger.info(
                "Created service '%s' (ARN: %s) with desired count %s",
                service["serviceName"],
                service["serviceArn"],
                service["desiredCount"],
            )
            return service
        except ClientError as err:
            if err.response["Error"]["Code"] == "InvalidParameterException":
                logger.error(
                    "Invalid parameter when creating service '%s': %s",
                    service_name,
                    err.response["Error"]["Message"],
                )
            raise

class EcsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon ECS operations."""

    def __init__(self, ecs_client: BaseClient):
        """
        Initializes the EcsWrapper with an ECS client.

        :param ecs_client: A Boto3 Amazon ECS client. Boto3 clients are created
            by the ``boto3.client`` factory function and are instances of
            ``botocore.client.BaseClient``, which is the correct type to
            annotate here (``boto3.client`` itself is a function, not a type).
        """
        self.ecs_client = ecs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> "EcsWrapper":
        """Creates an EcsWrapper using a default Boto3 ECS client."""
        ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
        return cls(ecs_client)


    def delete_cluster(self, cluster: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Deletes an ECS cluster.

        :param cluster: The cluster name or ARN.
        :return: The deleted cluster details.
        :raises ClientError: If the request fails (e.g., ClusterContainsServicesException).
        """
        try:
            response = self.ecs_client.delete_cluster(
                cluster=cluster,
            )
            cluster_info = response["cluster"]
            logger.info(
                "Deleted cluster '%s' (status: %s)",
                cluster_info["clusterName"],
                cluster_info["status"],
            )
            return cluster_info
        except ClientError as err:
            if err.response["Error"]["Code"] == "ClusterContainsServicesException":
                logger.error(
                    "Cluster '%s' still contains services. Delete services first: %s",
                    cluster,
                    err.response["Error"]["Message"],
                )
            raise

class EcsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon ECS operations."""

    def __init__(self, ecs_client: BaseClient):
        """
        Initializes the EcsWrapper with an ECS client.

        :param ecs_client: A Boto3 Amazon ECS client. Boto3 clients are created
            by the ``boto3.client`` factory function and are instances of
            ``botocore.client.BaseClient``, which is the correct type to
            annotate here (``boto3.client`` itself is a function, not a type).
        """
        self.ecs_client = ecs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> "EcsWrapper":
        """Creates an EcsWrapper using a default Boto3 ECS client."""
        ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
        return cls(ecs_client)


    def delete_service(
        self,
        cluster: str,
        service: str,
        force: bool = True,
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Deletes a service from a cluster.

        :param cluster: The cluster name or ARN.
        :param service: The service name or ARN.
        :param force: If True, deletes the service even if it has active tasks.
        :return: The deleted service details.
        :raises ClientError: If the request fails (e.g., ServiceNotFoundException).
        """
        try:
            response = self.ecs_client.delete_service(
                cluster=cluster,
                service=service,
                force=force,
            )
            svc = response["service"]
            logger.info(
                "Deleted service '%s' from cluster '%s'",
                svc["serviceName"],
                cluster,
            )
            return svc
        except ClientError as err:
            if err.response["Error"]["Code"] == "ServiceNotFoundException":
                logger.error(
                    "Service '%s' not found (may already be deleted): %s",
                    service,
                    err.response["Error"]["Message"],
                )
            raise

class EcsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon ECS operations."""

    def __init__(self, ecs_client: BaseClient):
        """
        Initializes the EcsWrapper with an ECS client.

        :param ecs_client: A Boto3 Amazon ECS client. Boto3 clients are created
            by the ``boto3.client`` factory function and are instances of
            ``botocore.client.BaseClient``, which is the correct type to
            annotate here (``boto3.client`` itself is a function, not a type).
        """
        self.ecs_client = ecs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> "EcsWrapper":
        """Creates an EcsWrapper using a default Boto3 ECS client."""
        ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
        return cls(ecs_client)


    def deregister_task_definition(self, task_definition: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Deregisters a task definition.

        :param task_definition: The family:revision of the task definition.
        :return: The deregistered task definition details.
        :raises ClientError: If the request fails (e.g., InvalidParameterException).
        """
        try:
            response = self.ecs_client.deregister_task_definition(
                taskDefinition=task_definition,
            )
            task_def = response["taskDefinition"]
            logger.info(
                "Deregistered task definition '%s' (status: %s)",
                task_def["taskDefinitionArn"],
                task_def["status"],
            )
            return task_def
        except ClientError as err:
            if err.response["Error"]["Code"] == "InvalidParameterException":
                logger.error(
                    "Invalid parameter when deregistering task definition '%s': %s",
                    task_definition,
                    err.response["Error"]["Message"],
                )
            raise

class EcsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon ECS operations."""

    def __init__(self, ecs_client: BaseClient):
        """
        Initializes the EcsWrapper with an ECS client.

        :param ecs_client: A Boto3 Amazon ECS client. Boto3 clients are created
            by the ``boto3.client`` factory function and are instances of
            ``botocore.client.BaseClient``, which is the correct type to
            annotate here (``boto3.client`` itself is a function, not a type).
        """
        self.ecs_client = ecs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> "EcsWrapper":
        """Creates an EcsWrapper using a default Boto3 ECS client."""
        ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
        return cls(ecs_client)


    def describe_clusters(self, cluster_names: List[str]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """
        Describes one or more ECS clusters.

        :param cluster_names: A list of cluster names or ARNs.
        :return: A list of cluster details.
        :raises ClientError: If the request fails (e.g., ClusterNotFoundException).
        """
        try:
            response = self.ecs_client.describe_clusters(
                clusters=cluster_names,
                include=["STATISTICS"],
            )
            clusters = response.get("clusters", list())
            for cluster in clusters:
                logger.info(
                    "Cluster '%s': status=%s, active_services=%s, running_tasks=%s",
                    cluster["clusterName"],
                    cluster["status"],
                    cluster["activeServicesCount"],
                    cluster["runningTasksCount"],
                )
            return clusters
        except ClientError as err:
            if err.response["Error"]["Code"] == "ClusterNotFoundException":
                logger.error(
                    "Cluster(s) not found: %s. %s",
                    cluster_names,
                    err.response["Error"]["Message"],
                )
            raise

class EcsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon ECS operations."""

    def __init__(self, ecs_client: BaseClient):
        """
        Initializes the EcsWrapper with an ECS client.

        :param ecs_client: A Boto3 Amazon ECS client. Boto3 clients are created
            by the ``boto3.client`` factory function and are instances of
            ``botocore.client.BaseClient``, which is the correct type to
            annotate here (``boto3.client`` itself is a function, not a type).
        """
        self.ecs_client = ecs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> "EcsWrapper":
        """Creates an EcsWrapper using a default Boto3 ECS client."""
        ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
        return cls(ecs_client)


    def describe_services(
        self, cluster: str, service_names: List[str]
    ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """
        Describes the specified services running in a cluster.

        :param cluster: The cluster name or ARN.
        :param service_names: A list of service names or ARNs.
        :return: A list of service details.
        :raises ClientError: If the request fails (e.g., ClusterNotFoundException).
        """
        try:
            response = self.ecs_client.describe_services(
                cluster=cluster,
                services=service_names,
            )
            services = response.get("services", list())
            for svc in services:
                logger.info(
                    "Service '%s': status=%s, desired=%s, running=%s",
                    svc["serviceName"],
                    svc["status"],
                    svc["desiredCount"],
                    svc["runningCount"],
                )
            return services
        except ClientError as err:
            if err.response["Error"]["Code"] == "ClusterNotFoundException":
                logger.error(
                    "Cluster '%s' not found when describing services: %s",
                    cluster,
                    err.response["Error"]["Message"],
                )
            raise

class EcsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon ECS operations."""

    def __init__(self, ecs_client: BaseClient):
        """
        Initializes the EcsWrapper with an ECS client.

        :param ecs_client: A Boto3 Amazon ECS client. Boto3 clients are created
            by the ``boto3.client`` factory function and are instances of
            ``botocore.client.BaseClient``, which is the correct type to
            annotate here (``boto3.client`` itself is a function, not a type).
        """
        self.ecs_client = ecs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> "EcsWrapper":
        """Creates an EcsWrapper using a default Boto3 ECS client."""
        ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
        return cls(ecs_client)


    def describe_tasks(
        self, cluster: str, task_arns: List[str]
    ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """
        Describes the specified tasks.

        :param cluster: The cluster name or ARN.
        :param task_arns: A list of task ARNs.
        :return: A list of task details.
        :raises ClientError: If the request fails (e.g., ClusterNotFoundException).
        """
        try:
            response = self.ecs_client.describe_tasks(
                cluster=cluster,
                tasks=task_arns,
            )
            tasks = response.get("tasks", list())
            for task in tasks:
                logger.info(
                    "Task '%s': status=%s, desired_status=%s",
                    task["taskArn"],
                    task["lastStatus"],
                    task["desiredStatus"],
                )
            return tasks
        except ClientError as err:
            if err.response["Error"]["Code"] == "ClusterNotFoundException":
                logger.error(
                    "Cluster '%s' not found when describing tasks: %s",
                    cluster,
                    err.response["Error"]["Message"],
                )
            raise

class EcsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon ECS operations."""

    def __init__(self, ecs_client: BaseClient):
        """
        Initializes the EcsWrapper with an ECS client.

        :param ecs_client: A Boto3 Amazon ECS client. Boto3 clients are created
            by the ``boto3.client`` factory function and are instances of
            ``botocore.client.BaseClient``, which is the correct type to
            annotate here (``boto3.client`` itself is a function, not a type).
        """
        self.ecs_client = ecs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> "EcsWrapper":
        """Creates an EcsWrapper using a default Boto3 ECS client."""
        ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
        return cls(ecs_client)


    def list_tasks(
        self,
        cluster: str,
        service_name: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> List[str]:
        """
        Lists task ARNs for a cluster, optionally filtered by service.
        Uses paginator to handle large result sets.

        :param cluster: The cluster name or ARN.
        :param service_name: The service name to filter by (optional).
        :return: A list of task ARN strings.
        :raises ClientError: If the request fails (e.g., InvalidParameterException).
        """
        try:
            task_arns = list()
            paginator = self.ecs_client.get_paginator("list_tasks")
            params = dict()
            params["cluster"] = cluster
            if service_name is not None:
                params["serviceName"] = service_name
            for page in paginator.paginate(**params):
                task_arns.extend(page.get("taskArns", list()))
            logger.info(
                "Listed %d tasks for cluster '%s'%s",
                len(task_arns),
                cluster,
                f" (service='{service_name}')" if service_name else "",
            )
            return task_arns
        except ClientError as err:
            if err.response["Error"]["Code"] == "InvalidParameterException":
                logger.error(
                    "Invalid parameter when listing tasks: %s",
                    err.response["Error"]["Message"],
                )
            raise

class EcsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon ECS operations."""

    def __init__(self, ecs_client: BaseClient):
        """
        Initializes the EcsWrapper with an ECS client.

        :param ecs_client: A Boto3 Amazon ECS client. Boto3 clients are created
            by the ``boto3.client`` factory function and are instances of
            ``botocore.client.BaseClient``, which is the correct type to
            annotate here (``boto3.client`` itself is a function, not a type).
        """
        self.ecs_client = ecs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> "EcsWrapper":
        """Creates an EcsWrapper using a default Boto3 ECS client."""
        ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
        return cls(ecs_client)


    def register_task_definition(
        self,
        family: str,
        execution_role_arn: str,
        container_definitions: Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
        cpu: str = "256",
        memory: str = "512",
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Registers a new task definition for Fargate.

        :param family: The family name for the task definition.
        :param execution_role_arn: The ARN of the task execution IAM role.
        :param container_definitions: List of container definitions. If None, a
            default httpd container is used.
        :param cpu: The task-level CPU units (e.g., '256').
        :param memory: The task-level memory in MiB (e.g., '512').
        :return: The task definition details from the response.
        :raises ClientError: If the request fails (e.g., InvalidParameterException).
        """
        if container_definitions is None:
            container_definitions = [
                {
                    "name": "sample-app",
                    "image": "public.ecr.aws/docker/library/httpd:2.4",
                    "essential": True,
                    "portMappings": [
                        {
                            "containerPort": 80,
                            "hostPort": 80,
                            "protocol": "tcp",
                        }
                    ],
                    "cpu": 256,
                    "memory": 512,
                }
            ]
        try:
            response = self.ecs_client.register_task_definition(
                family=family,
                networkMode="awsvpc",
                requiresCompatibilities=["FARGATE"],
                cpu=cpu,
                memory=memory,
                executionRoleArn=execution_role_arn,
                containerDefinitions=container_definitions,
            )
            task_def = response["taskDefinition"]
            logger.info(
                "Registered task definition '%s' revision %s, ARN: %s",
                task_def["family"],
                task_def["revision"],
                task_def["taskDefinitionArn"],
            )
            return task_def
        except ClientError as err:
            if err.response["Error"]["Code"] == "InvalidParameterException":
                logger.error(
                    "Invalid parameter when registering task definition '%s': %s",
                    family,
                    err.response["Error"]["Message"],
                )
            raise

class EcsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon ECS operations."""

    def __init__(self, ecs_client: BaseClient):
        """
        Initializes the EcsWrapper with an ECS client.

        :param ecs_client: A Boto3 Amazon ECS client. Boto3 clients are created
            by the ``boto3.client`` factory function and are instances of
            ``botocore.client.BaseClient``, which is the correct type to
            annotate here (``boto3.client`` itself is a function, not a type).
        """
        self.ecs_client = ecs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> "EcsWrapper":
        """Creates an EcsWrapper using a default Boto3 ECS client."""
        ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
        return cls(ecs_client)


    def run_task(
        self,
        cluster: str,
        task_definition: str,
        subnets: List[str],
        security_groups: List[str],
        count: int = 1,
    ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """
        Runs a standalone Fargate task.

        :param cluster: The cluster name or ARN.
        :param task_definition: The task definition family or family:revision.
        :param subnets: List of subnet IDs.
        :param security_groups: List of security group IDs.
        :param count: Number of tasks to run.
        :return: A list of task details.
        :raises ClientError: If the request fails (e.g., ClusterNotFoundException).
        """
        try:
            response = self.ecs_client.run_task(
                cluster=cluster,
                taskDefinition=task_definition,
                launchType="FARGATE",
                count=count,
                networkConfiguration={
                    "awsvpcConfiguration": {
                        "subnets": subnets,
                        "securityGroups": security_groups,
                        "assignPublicIp": "ENABLED",
                    }
                },
            )
            tasks = response.get("tasks", list())
            failures = response.get("failures", list())
            if failures:
                logger.warning("Task run failures: %s", failures)
            for task in tasks:
                logger.info(
                    "Started task '%s' with status '%s'",
                    task["taskArn"],
                    task["lastStatus"],
                )
            return tasks
        except ClientError as err:
            if err.response["Error"]["Code"] == "ClusterNotFoundException":
                logger.error(
                    "Cluster '%s' not found: %s",
                    cluster,
                    err.response["Error"]["Message"],
                )
            raise

class EcsWrapper:
    """Encapsulates Amazon ECS operations."""

    def __init__(self, ecs_client: BaseClient):
        """
        Initializes the EcsWrapper with an ECS client.

        :param ecs_client: A Boto3 Amazon ECS client. Boto3 clients are created
            by the ``boto3.client`` factory function and are instances of
            ``botocore.client.BaseClient``, which is the correct type to
            annotate here (``boto3.client`` itself is a function, not a type).
        """
        self.ecs_client = ecs_client

    @classmethod
    def from_client(cls) -> "EcsWrapper":
        """Creates an EcsWrapper using a default Boto3 ECS client."""
        ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs")
        return cls(ecs_client)


    def update_service(
        self,
        cluster: str,
        service: str,
        desired_count: int,
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Updates the desired count for a service.

        :param cluster: The cluster name or ARN.
        :param service: The service name or ARN.
        :param desired_count: The new desired task count.
        :return: The updated service details.
        :raises ClientError: If the request fails (e.g., ServiceNotFoundException).
        """
        try:
            response = self.ecs_client.update_service(
                cluster=cluster,
                service=service,
                desiredCount=desired_count,
            )
            svc = response["service"]
            logger.info(
                "Updated service '%s' desired count to %s",
                svc["serviceName"],
                svc["desiredCount"],
            )
            return svc
        except ClientError as err:
            if err.response["Error"]["Code"] == "ServiceNotFoundException":
                logger.error(
                    "Service '%s' not found in cluster '%s': %s",
                    service,
                    cluster,
                    err.response["Error"]["Message"],
                )
            raise