使用 SQS for Ruby 的 Amazon SDK 範例 - AWS SDK 程式碼範例

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使用 SQS for Ruby 的 Amazon SDK 範例

下列程式碼範例示範如何使用 AWS SDK for Ruby 搭配 Amazon SQS 來執行動作和實作常見案例。

Actions 是大型程式的程式碼摘錄，必須在內容中執行。雖然動作會示範如何呼叫個別服務函數，但您可以在其相關案例中查看內容中的動作。

每個範例都包含完整原始程式碼的連結，您可以在其中找到如何在內容中設定和執行程式碼的指示。

主題

動作
無伺服器範例

動作

下列程式碼範例示範如何使用 ChangeMessageVisibility。

Ruby 的 SDK

注意

還有更多 on GitHub。尋找完整範例，並了解如何在 AWS 程式碼範例儲存庫中設定和執行。



require 'aws-sdk-sqs' # v2: require 'aws-sdk'
# Replace us-west-2 with the AWS Region you're using for Amazon SQS.
sqs = Aws::SQS::Client.new(region: 'us-west-2')

begin
  queue_name = 'my-queue'
  queue_url = sqs.get_queue_url(queue_name: queue_name).queue_url

  # Receive up to 10 messages
  receive_message_result_before = sqs.receive_message({
                                                        queue_url: queue_url,
                                                        max_number_of_messages: 10
                                                      })

  puts "Before attempting to change message visibility timeout: received #{receive_message_result_before.messages.count} message(s)."

  receive_message_result_before.messages.each do |message|
    sqs.change_message_visibility({
                                    queue_url: queue_url,
                                    receipt_handle: message.receipt_handle,
                                    visibility_timeout: 30 # This message will not be visible for 30 seconds after first receipt.
                                  })
  end

  # Try to retrieve the original messages after setting their visibility timeout.
  receive_message_result_after = sqs.receive_message({
                                                       queue_url: queue_url,
                                                       max_number_of_messages: 10
                                                     })

  puts "\nAfter attempting to change message visibility timeout: received #{receive_message_result_after.messages.count} message(s)."
rescue Aws::SQS::Errors::NonExistentQueue
  puts "Cannot receive messages for a queue named '#{queue_name}', as it does not exist."
end

如需 API 詳細資訊，請參閱 ChangeMessageVisibility AWS SDK for Ruby 參考中的 API。

下列程式碼範例示範如何使用 CreateQueue。

Ruby 的 SDK

注意

還有更多 on GitHub。尋找完整範例，並了解如何在 AWS 程式碼範例儲存庫中設定和執行。


# This code example demonstrates how to create a queue in Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS).

require 'aws-sdk-sqs'

# @param sqs_client [Aws::SQS::Client] An initialized Amazon SQS client.
# @param queue_name [String] The name of the queue.
# @return [Boolean] true if the queue was created; otherwise, false.
# @example
#   exit 1 unless queue_created?(
#     Aws::SQS::Client.new(region: 'us-west-2'),
#     'my-queue'
#   )
def queue_created?(sqs_client, queue_name)
  sqs_client.create_queue(queue_name: queue_name)
  true
rescue StandardError => e
  puts "Error creating queue: #{e.message}"
  false
end

# Full example call:
# Replace us-west-2 with the AWS Region you're using for Amazon SQS.
def run_me
  region = 'us-west-2'
  queue_name = 'my-queue'
  sqs_client = Aws::SQS::Client.new(region: region)

  puts "Creating the queue named '#{queue_name}'..."

  if queue_created?(sqs_client, queue_name)
    puts 'Queue created.'
  else
    puts 'Queue not created.'
  end
end

# Example usage:
run_me if $PROGRAM_NAME == __FILE__

如需 API 詳細資訊，請參閱 CreateQueue AWS SDK for Ruby 參考中的 API。

下列程式碼範例示範如何使用 DeleteQueue。

Ruby 的 SDK

注意

還有更多 on GitHub。尋找完整範例，並了解如何在 AWS 程式碼範例儲存庫中設定和執行。


require 'aws-sdk-sqs' # v2: require 'aws-sdk'
# Replace us-west-2 with the AWS Region you're using for Amazon SQS.
sqs = Aws::SQS::Client.new(region: 'us-west-2')

sqs.delete_queue(queue_url: URL)

如需 API 詳細資訊，請參閱 DeleteQueue AWS SDK for Ruby 參考中的 API。

下列程式碼範例示範如何使用 ListQueues。

Ruby 的 SDK

注意

還有更多 on GitHub。尋找完整範例，並了解如何在 AWS 程式碼範例儲存庫中設定和執行。



require 'aws-sdk-sqs'
require 'aws-sdk-sts'

# @param sqs_client [Aws::SQS::Client] An initialized Amazon SQS client.
# @example
#   list_queue_urls(Aws::SQS::Client.new(region: 'us-west-2'))
def list_queue_urls(sqs_client)
  queues = sqs_client.list_queues

  queues.queue_urls.each do |url|
    puts url
  end
rescue StandardError => e
  puts "Error listing queue URLs: #{e.message}"
end

# Lists the attributes of a queue in Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS).
#
# @param sqs_client [Aws::SQS::Client] An initialized Amazon SQS client.
# @param queue_url [String] The URL of the queue.
# @example
#   list_queue_attributes(
#     Aws::SQS::Client.new(region: 'us-west-2'),
#     'https://sqs.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/111111111111/my-queue'
#   )
def list_queue_attributes(sqs_client, queue_url)
  attributes = sqs_client.get_queue_attributes(
    queue_url: queue_url,
    attribute_names: ['All']
  )

  attributes.attributes.each do |key, value|
    puts "#{key}: #{value}"
  end
rescue StandardError => e
  puts "Error getting queue attributes: #{e.message}"
end

# Full example call:
# Replace us-west-2 with the AWS Region you're using for Amazon SQS.
def run_me
  region = 'us-west-2'
  queue_name = 'my-queue'

  sqs_client = Aws::SQS::Client.new(region: region)

  puts 'Listing available queue URLs...'
  list_queue_urls(sqs_client)

  sts_client = Aws::STS::Client.new(region: region)

  # For example:
  # 'https://sqs.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/111111111111/my-queue'
  queue_url = "https://sqs.#{region}.amazonaws.com/#{sts_client.get_caller_identity.account}/#{queue_name}"

  puts "\nGetting information about queue '#{queue_name}'..."
  list_queue_attributes(sqs_client, queue_url)
end

如需 API 詳細資訊，請參閱 ListQueues AWS SDK for Ruby 參考中的 API。

下列程式碼範例示範如何使用 ReceiveMessage。

Ruby 的 SDK

注意

還有更多 on GitHub。尋找完整範例，並了解如何在 AWS 程式碼範例儲存庫中設定和執行。



require 'aws-sdk-sqs'
require 'aws-sdk-sts'

# Receives messages in a queue in Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS).
#
# @param sqs_client [Aws::SQS::Client] An initialized Amazon SQS client.
# @param queue_url [String] The URL of the queue.
# @param max_number_of_messages [Integer] The maximum number of messages
#   to receive. This number must be 10 or less. The default is 10.
# @example
#   receive_messages(
#     Aws::SQS::Client.new(region: 'us-west-2'),
#     'https://sqs.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/111111111111/my-queue',
#     10
#   )
def receive_messages(sqs_client, queue_url, max_number_of_messages = 10)
  if max_number_of_messages > 10
    puts 'Maximum number of messages to receive must be 10 or less. ' \
      'Stopping program.'
    return
  end

  response = sqs_client.receive_message(
    queue_url: queue_url,
    max_number_of_messages: max_number_of_messages
  )

  if response.messages.count.zero?
    puts 'No messages to receive, or all messages have already ' \
      'been previously received.'
    return
  end

  response.messages.each do |message|
    puts '-' * 20
    puts "Message body: #{message.body}"
    puts "Message ID:   #{message.message_id}"
  end
rescue StandardError => e
  puts "Error receiving messages: #{e.message}"
end

# Full example call:
# Replace us-west-2 with the AWS Region you're using for Amazon SQS.
def run_me
  region = 'us-west-2'
  queue_name = 'my-queue'
  max_number_of_messages = 10

  sts_client = Aws::STS::Client.new(region: region)

  # For example:
  # 'https://sqs.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/111111111111/my-queue'
  queue_url = "https://sqs.#{region}.amazonaws.com/#{sts_client.get_caller_identity.account}/#{queue_name}"

  sqs_client = Aws::SQS::Client.new(region: region)

  puts "Receiving messages from queue '#{queue_name}'..."

  receive_messages(sqs_client, queue_url, max_number_of_messages)
end

# Example usage:
run_me if $PROGRAM_NAME == __FILE__

如需 API 詳細資訊，請參閱 ReceiveMessage AWS SDK for Ruby 參考中的 API。

下列程式碼範例示範如何使用 SendMessage。

Ruby 的 SDK

注意

還有更多 on GitHub。尋找完整範例，並了解如何在 AWS 程式碼範例儲存庫中設定和執行。



require 'aws-sdk-sqs'
require 'aws-sdk-sts'

# @param sqs_client [Aws::SQS::Client] An initialized Amazon SQS client.
# @param queue_url [String] The URL of the queue.
# @param message_body [String] The contents of the message to be sent.
# @return [Boolean] true if the message was sent; otherwise, false.
# @example
#   exit 1 unless message_sent?(
#     Aws::SQS::Client.new(region: 'us-west-2'),
#     'https://sqs.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/111111111111/my-queue',
#     'This is my message.'
#   )
def message_sent?(sqs_client, queue_url, message_body)
  sqs_client.send_message(
    queue_url: queue_url,
    message_body: message_body
  )
  true
rescue StandardError => e
  puts "Error sending message: #{e.message}"
  false
end

# Full example call:
# Replace us-west-2 with the AWS Region you're using for Amazon SQS.
def run_me
  region = 'us-west-2'
  queue_name = 'my-queue'
  message_body = 'This is my message.'

  sts_client = Aws::STS::Client.new(region: region)

  # For example:
  # 'https://sqs.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/111111111111/my-queue'
  queue_url = "https://sqs.#{region}.amazonaws.com/#{sts_client.get_caller_identity.account}/#{queue_name}"

  sqs_client = Aws::SQS::Client.new(region: region)

  puts "Sending a message to the queue named '#{queue_name}'..."

  if message_sent?(sqs_client, queue_url, message_body)
    puts 'Message sent.'
  else
    puts 'Message not sent.'
  end
end

# Example usage:
run_me if $PROGRAM_NAME == __FILE__

如需 API 詳細資訊，請參閱 SendMessage AWS SDK for Ruby 參考中的 API。

下列程式碼範例示範如何使用 SendMessageBatch。

Ruby 的 SDK

注意

還有更多 on GitHub。尋找完整範例，並了解如何在 AWS 程式碼範例儲存庫中設定和執行。



require 'aws-sdk-sqs'
require 'aws-sdk-sts'

#
# @param sqs_client [Aws::SQS::Client] An initialized Amazon SQS client.
# @param queue_url [String] The URL of the queue.
# @param entries [Hash] The contents of the messages to be sent,
#   in the correct format.
# @return [Boolean] true if the messages were sent; otherwise, false.
# @example
#   exit 1 unless messages_sent?(
#     Aws::SQS::Client.new(region: 'us-west-2'),
#     'https://sqs.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/111111111111/my-queue',
#     [
#       {
#         id: 'Message1',
#         message_body: 'This is the first message.'
#       },
#       {
#         id: 'Message2',
#         message_body: 'This is the second message.'
#       }
#     ]
#   )
def messages_sent?(sqs_client, queue_url, entries)
  sqs_client.send_message_batch(
    queue_url: queue_url,
    entries: entries
  )
  true
rescue StandardError => e
  puts "Error sending messages: #{e.message}"
  false
end

# Full example call:
# Replace us-west-2 with the AWS Region you're using for Amazon SQS.
def run_me
  region = 'us-west-2'
  queue_name = 'my-queue'
  entries = [
    {
      id: 'Message1',
      message_body: 'This is the first message.'
    },
    {
      id: 'Message2',
      message_body: 'This is the second message.'
    }
  ]

  sts_client = Aws::STS::Client.new(region: region)

  # For example:
  # 'https://sqs.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/111111111111/my-queue'
  queue_url = "https://sqs.#{region}.amazonaws.com/#{sts_client.get_caller_identity.account}/#{queue_name}"

  sqs_client = Aws::SQS::Client.new(region: region)

  puts "Sending messages to the queue named '#{queue_name}'..."

  if messages_sent?(sqs_client, queue_url, entries)
    puts 'Messages sent.'
  else
    puts 'Messages not sent.'
  end
end

如需 API 詳細資訊，請參閱 SendMessageBatch AWS SDK for Ruby 參考中的 API。

無伺服器範例

下列程式碼範例示範如何實作 Lambda 函數，該函數接收從 SQS 佇列接收訊息所觸發的事件。函數會從事件參數擷取訊息，並記錄每一則訊息的內容。

Ruby 的 SDK

注意

還有更多 on GitHub。尋找完整範例，並了解如何在無伺服器範例儲存庫中設定和執行。

使用 Ruby 搭配 Lambda 使用 SQS 事件。


# Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
def lambda_handler(event:, context:)
  event['Records'].each do |message|
    process_message(message)
  end
  puts "done"
end

def process_message(message)
  begin
    puts "Processed message #{message['body']}"
    # TODO: Do interesting work based on the new message
  rescue StandardError => err
    puts "An error occurred"
    raise err
  end
end

下列程式碼範例示範如何針對從 SQS 佇列接收事件的 Lambda 函數實作部分批次回應。此函數會在回應中報告批次項目失敗，指示 Lambda 稍後重試這些訊息。

Ruby 的 SDK

注意

還有更多 on GitHub。尋找完整範例，並了解如何在無伺服器範例儲存庫中設定和執行。

使用 Ruby 使用 Lambda 報告 SQS 批次項目失敗。


# Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
require 'json'

def lambda_handler(event:, context:)
  if event
    batch_item_failures = []
    sqs_batch_response = {}

    event["Records"].each do |record|
      begin
        # process message
      rescue StandardError => e
        batch_item_failures << {"itemIdentifier" => record['messageId']}
      end
    end

    sqs_batch_response["batchItemFailures"] = batch_item_failures
    return sqs_batch_response
  end
end

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