本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本，如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處，概以英文版為準。
# 從 取得資料 AWS X-Ray
AWS X-Ray 會處理您傳送給它的追蹤資料，以在 JSON 中產生完整的追蹤、追蹤摘要和服務圖表。您可以使用 CLI 直接從 API AWS 擷取產生的資料。
**Topics**
+ [擷取服務圖表](#xray-api-servicegraph)
+ [根據群組擷取服務圖表](#xray-api-servicegraphgroup)
+ [擷取追蹤](#xray-api-traces)
+ [擷取和精簡根本原因分析](#xray-api-analytics)
## 擷取服務圖表
您可以使用 [https://docs.aws.amazon.com/xray/latest/api/API_GetServiceGraph.html](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/xray/latest/api/API_GetServiceGraph.html) API 擷取 JSON 服務圖表。API 需要開始時間及結束時間。您可以從 Linux 終端機使用 `date` 命令來計算該時間。
```
$ date +%s
1499394617
```
`date +%s` 會印出日期 (秒)。使用此數字做為結束時間，並減去時間來取得開始時間。
**Example 擷取最後 10 分鐘服務圖表的指令碼**
```
EPOCH=$(date +%s)
aws xray get-service-graph --start-time $(($EPOCH-600)) --end-time $EPOCH
```
下列範例顯示具有 4 個節點的服務圖表，包括用戶端節點、EC2 執行個體、DynamoDB 資料表和 Amazon SNS 主題。
**Example GetServiceGraph 輸出**
```
{
"Services": [
{
"ReferenceId": 0,
"Name": "xray-sample.elasticbeanstalk.com",
"Names": [
"xray-sample.elasticbeanstalk.com"
],
"Type": "client",
"State": "unknown",
"StartTime": 1528317567.0,
"EndTime": 1528317589.0,
"Edges": [
{
"ReferenceId": 2,
"StartTime": 1528317567.0,
"EndTime": 1528317589.0,
"SummaryStatistics": {
"OkCount": 3,
"ErrorStatistics": {
"ThrottleCount": 0,
"OtherCount": 1,
"TotalCount": 1
},
"FaultStatistics": {
"OtherCount": 0,
"TotalCount": 0
},
"TotalCount": 4,
"TotalResponseTime": 0.273
},
"ResponseTimeHistogram": [
{
"Value": 0.005,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.015,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.157,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.096,
"Count": 1
}
],
"Aliases": []
}
]
},
{
"ReferenceId": 1,
"Name": "awseb-e-dixzws4s9p-stack-StartupSignupsTable-4IMSMHAYX2BA",
"Names": [
"awseb-e-dixzws4s9p-stack-StartupSignupsTable-4IMSMHAYX2BA"
],
"Type": "AWS::DynamoDB::Table",
"State": "unknown",
"StartTime": 1528317583.0,
"EndTime": 1528317589.0,
"Edges": [],
"SummaryStatistics": {
"OkCount": 2,
"ErrorStatistics": {
"ThrottleCount": 0,
"OtherCount": 0,
"TotalCount": 0
},
"FaultStatistics": {
"OtherCount": 0,
"TotalCount": 0
},
"TotalCount": 2,
"TotalResponseTime": 0.12
},
"DurationHistogram": [
{
"Value": 0.076,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.044,
"Count": 1
}
],
"ResponseTimeHistogram": [
{
"Value": 0.076,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.044,
"Count": 1
}
]
},
{
"ReferenceId": 2,
"Name": "xray-sample.elasticbeanstalk.com",
"Names": [
"xray-sample.elasticbeanstalk.com"
],
"Root": true,
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
"State": "active",
"StartTime": 1528317567.0,
"EndTime": 1528317589.0,
"Edges": [
{
"ReferenceId": 1,
"StartTime": 1528317567.0,
"EndTime": 1528317589.0,
"SummaryStatistics": {
"OkCount": 2,
"ErrorStatistics": {
"ThrottleCount": 0,
"OtherCount": 0,
"TotalCount": 0
},
"FaultStatistics": {
"OtherCount": 0,
"TotalCount": 0
},
"TotalCount": 2,
"TotalResponseTime": 0.12
},
"ResponseTimeHistogram": [
{
"Value": 0.076,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.044,
"Count": 1
}
],
"Aliases": []
},
{
"ReferenceId": 3,
"StartTime": 1528317567.0,
"EndTime": 1528317589.0,
"SummaryStatistics": {
"OkCount": 2,
"ErrorStatistics": {
"ThrottleCount": 0,
"OtherCount": 0,
"TotalCount": 0
},
"FaultStatistics": {
"OtherCount": 0,
"TotalCount": 0
},
"TotalCount": 2,
"TotalResponseTime": 0.125
},
"ResponseTimeHistogram": [
{
"Value": 0.049,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.076,
"Count": 1
}
],
"Aliases": []
}
],
"SummaryStatistics": {
"OkCount": 3,
"ErrorStatistics": {
"ThrottleCount": 0,
"OtherCount": 1,
"TotalCount": 1
},
"FaultStatistics": {
"OtherCount": 0,
"TotalCount": 0
},
"TotalCount": 4,
"TotalResponseTime": 0.273
},
"DurationHistogram": [
{
"Value": 0.005,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.015,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.157,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.096,
"Count": 1
}
],
"ResponseTimeHistogram": [
{
"Value": 0.005,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.015,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.157,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.096,
"Count": 1
}
]
},
{
"ReferenceId": 3,
"Name": "SNS",
"Names": [
"SNS"
],
"Type": "AWS::SNS",
"State": "unknown",
"StartTime": 1528317583.0,
"EndTime": 1528317589.0,
"Edges": [],
"SummaryStatistics": {
"OkCount": 2,
"ErrorStatistics": {
"ThrottleCount": 0,
"OtherCount": 0,
"TotalCount": 0
},
"FaultStatistics": {
"OtherCount": 0,
"TotalCount": 0
},
"TotalCount": 2,
"TotalResponseTime": 0.125
},
"DurationHistogram": [
{
"Value": 0.049,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.076,
"Count": 1
}
],
"ResponseTimeHistogram": [
{
"Value": 0.049,
"Count": 1
},
{
"Value": 0.076,
"Count": 1
}
]
}
]
}
```
## 根據群組擷取服務圖表
若要根據群組的內容呼叫服務圖形，請包含 `groupName` 或 `groupARN`。以下範例為服務圖表呼叫名為 Example1 的群組。
**Example 根據名稱為 Example1 群組擷取服務圖表的指令碼**
```
aws xray get-service-graph --group-name "Example1"
```
## 擷取追蹤
您可以使用 [https://docs.aws.amazon.com/xray/latest/api/API_GetTraceSummaries.html](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/xray/latest/api/API_GetTraceSummaries.html) API 取得追蹤摘要清單。追蹤摘要包含您可以用來識別要完整下載追蹤的資訊，包含標註、請求和回應資訊，以及 ID。
呼叫 `aws xray get-trace-summaries` 時有兩個 `TimeRangeType` 標記可用：
+ **TraceId** – 預設`GetTraceSummaries`搜尋使用 TraceID 時間，並傳回在計算`[start_time, end_time)`範圍內啟動的追蹤。此時間戳記範圍是根據 TraceId 中的時間戳記編碼計算，也可以手動定義。
+ **事件時間 **– 為了在一段時間內搜尋事件， AWS X-Ray 允許使用事件時間戳記搜尋追蹤。事件時間會傳回 `[start_time, end_time)` 範圍內作用中的追蹤，無論追蹤由何時開始。
使用 `aws xray get-trace-summaries` 命令來取得追蹤摘要清單。下列命令會使用預設的 TraceId 時間，取得 1 到 2 分鐘之間的追蹤摘要清單。
**Example 取得追蹤摘要的指令碼**
```
EPOCH=$(date +%s)
aws xray get-trace-summaries --start-time $(($EPOCH-120)) --end-time $(($EPOCH-60))
```
**Example GetTraceSummaries 輸出**
```
{
"TraceSummaries": [
{
"HasError": false,
"Http": {
"HttpStatus": 200,
"ClientIp": "205.255.255.183",
"HttpURL": "http://scorekeep.elasticbeanstalk.com/api/session",
"UserAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36",
"HttpMethod": "POST"
},
"Users": [],
"HasFault": false,
"Annotations": {},
"ResponseTime": 0.084,
"Duration": 0.084,
"Id": "1-59602606-a43a1ac52fc7ee0eea12a82c",
"HasThrottle": false
},
{
"HasError": false,
"Http": {
"HttpStatus": 200,
"ClientIp": "205.255.255.183",
"HttpURL": "http://scorekeep.elasticbeanstalk.com/api/user",
"UserAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36",
"HttpMethod": "POST"
},
"Users": [
{
"UserName": "5M388M1E"
}
],
"HasFault": false,
"Annotations": {
"UserID": [
{
"AnnotationValue": {
"StringValue": "5M388M1E"
}
}
],
"Name": [
{
"AnnotationValue": {
"StringValue": "Ola"
}
}
]
},
"ResponseTime": 3.232,
"Duration": 3.232,
"Id": "1-59602603-23fc5b688855d396af79b496",
"HasThrottle": false
}
],
"ApproximateTime": 1499473304.0,
"TracesProcessedCount": 2
}
```
使用來自輸出的追蹤 ID 來透過 [https://docs.aws.amazon.com/xray/latest/api/API_BatchGetTraces.html](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/xray/latest/api/API_BatchGetTraces.html) API 擷取完整追蹤。
**Example BatchGetTraces 命令**
```
$ aws xray batch-get-traces --trace-ids 1-596025b4-7170afe49f7aa708b1dd4a6b
```
**Example BatchGetTraces 輸出**
```
{
"Traces": [
{
"Duration": 3.232,
"Segments": [
{
"Document": "{\"id\":\"1fb07842d944e714\",\"name\":\"random-name\",\"start_time\":1.499473411677E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414572E9,\"parent_id\":\"0c544c1b1bbff948\",\"http\":{\"response\":{\"status\":200}},\"aws\":{\"request_id\":\"ac086670-6373-11e7-a174-f31b3397f190\"},\"trace_id\":\"1-59602603-23fc5b688855d396af79b496\",\"origin\":\"AWS::Lambda\",\"resource_arn\":\"arn:aws:lambda:us-west-2:123456789012:function:random-name\"}",
"Id": "1fb07842d944e714"
},
{
"Document": "{\"id\":\"194fcc8747581230\",\"name\":\"Scorekeep\",\"start_time\":1.499473411562E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414794E9,\"http\":{\"request\":{\"url\":\"http://scorekeep.elasticbeanstalk.com/api/user\",\"method\":\"POST\",\"user_agent\":\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36\",\"client_ip\":\"205.251.233.183\"},\"response\":{\"status\":200}},\"aws\":{\"elastic_beanstalk\":{\"version_label\":\"app-abb9-170708_002045\",\"deployment_id\":406,\"environment_name\":\"scorekeep-dev\"},\"ec2\":{\"availability_zone\":\"us-west-2c\",\"instance_id\":\"i-0cd9e448944061b4a\"},\"xray\":{\"sdk_version\":\"1.1.2\",\"sdk\":\"X-Ray for Java\"}},\"service\":{},\"trace_id\":\"1-59602603-23fc5b688855d396af79b496\",\"user\":\"5M388M1E\",\"origin\":\"AWS::ElasticBeanstalk::Environment\",\"subsegments\":[{\"id\":\"0c544c1b1bbff948\",\"name\":\"Lambda\",\"start_time\":1.499473411629E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414572E9,\"http\":{\"response\":{\"status\":200,\"content_length\":14}},\"aws\":{\"log_type\":\"None\",\"status_code\":200,\"function_name\":\"random-name\",\"invocation_type\":\"RequestResponse\",\"operation\":\"Invoke\",\"request_id\":\"ac086670-6373-11e7-a174-f31b3397f190\",\"resource_names\":[\"random-name\"]},\"namespace\":\"aws\"},{\"id\":\"071684f2e555e571\",\"name\":\"## UserModel.saveUser\",\"start_time\":1.499473414581E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414769E9,\"metadata\":{\"debug\":{\"test\":\"Metadata string from UserModel.saveUser\"}},\"subsegments\":[{\"id\":\"4cd3f10b76c624b4\",\"name\":\"DynamoDB\",\"start_time\":1.49947341469E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414769E9,\"http\":{\"response\":{\"status\":200,\"content_length\":57}},\"aws\":{\"table_name\":\"scorekeep-user\",\"operation\":\"UpdateItem\",\"request_id\":\"MFQ8CGJ3JTDDVVVASUAAJGQ6NJ82F738BOB4KQNSO5AEMVJF66Q9\",\"resource_names\":[\"scorekeep-user\"]},\"namespace\":\"aws\"}]}]}",
"Id": "194fcc8747581230"
},
{
"Document": "{\"id\":\"00f91aa01f4984fd\",\"name\":\"random-name\",\"start_time\":1.49947341283E9,\"end_time\":1.49947341457E9,\"parent_id\":\"1fb07842d944e714\",\"aws\":{\"function_arn\":\"arn:aws:lambda:us-west-2:123456789012:function:random-name\",\"resource_names\":[\"random-name\"],\"account_id\":\"123456789012\"},\"trace_id\":\"1-59602603-23fc5b688855d396af79b496\",\"origin\":\"AWS::Lambda::Function\",\"subsegments\":[{\"id\":\"e6d2fe619f827804\",\"name\":\"annotations\",\"start_time\":1.499473413012E9,\"end_time\":1.499473413069E9,\"annotations\":{\"UserID\":\"5M388M1E\",\"Name\":\"Ola\"}},{\"id\":\"b29b548af4d54a0f\",\"name\":\"SNS\",\"start_time\":1.499473413112E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414071E9,\"http\":{\"response\":{\"status\":200}},\"aws\":{\"operation\":\"Publish\",\"region\":\"us-west-2\",\"request_id\":\"a2137970-f6fc-5029-83e8-28aadeb99198\",\"retries\":0,\"topic_arn\":\"arn:aws:sns:us-west-2:123456789012:awseb-e-ruag3jyweb-stack-NotificationTopic-6B829NT9V5O9\"},\"namespace\":\"aws\"},{\"id\":\"2279c0030c955e52\",\"name\":\"Initialization\",\"start_time\":1.499473412064E9,\"end_time\":1.499473412819E9,\"aws\":{\"function_arn\":\"arn:aws:lambda:us-west-2:123456789012:function:random-name\"}}]}",
"Id": "00f91aa01f4984fd"
},
{
"Document": "{\"id\":\"17ba309b32c7fbaf\",\"name\":\"DynamoDB\",\"start_time\":1.49947341469E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414769E9,\"parent_id\":\"4cd3f10b76c624b4\",\"inferred\":true,\"http\":{\"response\":{\"status\":200,\"content_length\":57}},\"aws\":{\"table_name\":\"scorekeep-user\",\"operation\":\"UpdateItem\",\"request_id\":\"MFQ8CGJ3JTDDVVVASUAAJGQ6NJ82F738BOB4KQNSO5AEMVJF66Q9\",\"resource_names\":[\"scorekeep-user\"]},\"trace_id\":\"1-59602603-23fc5b688855d396af79b496\",\"origin\":\"AWS::DynamoDB::Table\"}",
"Id": "17ba309b32c7fbaf"
},
{
"Document": "{\"id\":\"1ee3c4a523f89ca5\",\"name\":\"SNS\",\"start_time\":1.499473413112E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414071E9,\"parent_id\":\"b29b548af4d54a0f\",\"inferred\":true,\"http\":{\"response\":{\"status\":200}},\"aws\":{\"operation\":\"Publish\",\"region\":\"us-west-2\",\"request_id\":\"a2137970-f6fc-5029-83e8-28aadeb99198\",\"retries\":0,\"topic_arn\":\"arn:aws:sns:us-west-2:123456789012:awseb-e-ruag3jyweb-stack-NotificationTopic-6B829NT9V5O9\"},\"trace_id\":\"1-59602603-23fc5b688855d396af79b496\",\"origin\":\"AWS::SNS\"}",
"Id": "1ee3c4a523f89ca5"
}
],
"Id": "1-59602603-23fc5b688855d396af79b496"
}
],
"UnprocessedTraceIds": []
}
```
完整追蹤包含每個區段的文件，該文件是從所有使用相同追蹤 ID 接收到的區段文件編譯而成。這些文件不代表您的應用程式傳送到 X-Ray 的資料。而是代表 X-Ray 服務產生的已處理文件。X-Ray 會編譯應用程式傳送的區段文件，並移除不符合[區段文件結構描述的資料，以建立完整的追蹤文件](xray-api-segmentdocuments.md)。
X-Ray 也會建立*推斷區段*，以便對不會自行傳送區段的服務進行下游呼叫。例如，當您使用經檢測的用戶端呼叫 DynamoDB 時，X-Ray SDK 會記錄子區段，其中包含從其觀點來看的呼叫詳細資訊。不過，DynamoDB 不會傳送對應的區段。X-Ray 會使用子區段中的資訊來建立推斷區段，以代表追蹤映射中的 DynamoDB 資源，並將其新增至追蹤文件。
若要從 API 取得多個追蹤，您需要追蹤 IDs清單，您可以使用 `get-trace-summaries` [AWS CLI 查詢](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/controlling-output.html#controlling-output-filter)從 輸出擷取。將清單重新導向至 的輸入`batch-get-traces`，以取得特定期間內的完整追蹤。
**Example 取得一分鐘期間完整追蹤的指令碼**
```
EPOCH=$(date +%s)
TRACEIDS=$(aws xray get-trace-summaries --start-time $(($EPOCH-120)) --end-time $(($EPOCH-60)) --query 'TraceSummaries[*].Id' --output text)
aws xray batch-get-traces --trace-ids $TRACEIDS --query 'Traces[*]'
```
## 擷取和精簡根本原因分析
使用 [GetTraceSummaries API](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/xray/latest/api/API_GetTraceSummaries.html) 產生追蹤摘要時，可以其 JSON 格式重複使用部分追蹤摘要，以根本原因為基礎建立精簡的篩選條件表達式。如需精簡步驟的演練，請參閱以下範例。
**Example 範例 GetTraceSummaries 輸出 - 回應時間根本原因一節**
```
{
"Services": [
{
"Name": "GetWeatherData",
"Names": ["GetWeatherData"],
"AccountId": 123456789012,
"Type": null,
"Inferred": false,
"EntityPath": [
{
"Name": "GetWeatherData",
"Coverage": 1.0,
'Remote": false
},
{
"Name": "get_temperature",
"Coverage": 0.8,
"Remote": false
}
]
},
{
"Name": "GetTemperature",
"Names": ["GetTemperature"],
"AccountId": 123456789012,
"Type": null,
"Inferred": false,
"EntityPath": [
{
"Name": "GetTemperature",
"Coverage": 0.7,
"Remote": false
}
]
}
]
}
```
透過編輯和忽略上述輸出，可利用此 JSON 篩選條件符合根本原因的實體。針對出現在 JSON 中的每一個欄位，任何待選項目必須完全相符，否則不會傳回追蹤。已移除的欄位會成為萬用字元值，與篩選條件表達式查詢結構相容的格式。
**Example 重新格式化回應時間根本原因**
```
{
"Services": [
{
"Name": "GetWeatherData",
"EntityPath": [
{
"Name": "GetWeatherData"
},
{
"Name": "get_temperature"
}
]
},
{
"Name": "GetTemperature",
"EntityPath": [
{
"Name": "GetTemperature"
}
]
}
]
}
```
然後，此 JSON 會透過呼叫 `rootcause.json = #[{}]`，做為篩選條件表達式的一部分使用。如需查詢篩選條件表達式的詳細資訊，請參閱[篩選條件表達式](xray-console-filters.md)一章。
**Example 範例 JSON 篩選條件**
```
rootcause.json = #[{ "Services": [ { "Name": "GetWeatherData", "EntityPath": [{ "Name": "GetWeatherData" }, { "Name": "get_temperature" } ] }, { "Name": "GetTemperature", "EntityPath": [ { "Name": "GetTemperature" } ] } ] }]
```