Simulate noise with OpenQASM 3.0

To simulate noise with OpenQASM3, you use pragma instructions to add noise operators. For example, to simulate the noisy version of the GHZ program provided previously, you can submit the following OpenQASM program.

// ghz.qasm
// Prepare a GHZ state
OPENQASM 3;

qubit[3] q;
bit[3] c;

h q[0];
#pragma braket noise depolarizing(0.75) q[0] cnot q[0], q[1];
#pragma braket noise depolarizing(0.75) q[0]
#pragma braket noise depolarizing(0.75) q[1] cnot q[1], q[2];
#pragma braket noise depolarizing(0.75) q[0]
#pragma braket noise depolarizing(0.75) q[1]

c = measure q;

Specifications for all supported pragma noise operators are provided in the following list.

#pragma braket noise bit_flip(<float in [0,1/2]>) <qubit>
#pragma braket noise phase_flip(<float in [0,1/2]>) <qubit>
#pragma braket noise pauli_channel(<float>, <float>, <float>)  <qubit>
#pragma braket noise depolarizing(<float in [0,3/4]>) <qubit>
#pragma braket noise two_qubit_depolarizing(<float in [0,15/16]>) <qubit>, <qubit>
#pragma braket noise two_qubit_dephasing(<float in [0,3/4]>) <qubit>, <qubit>
#pragma braket noise amplitude_damping(<float in [0,1]>) <qubit>
#pragma braket noise generalized_amplitude_damping(<float in [0,1]> <float in [0,1]>)  <qubit>
#pragma braket noise phase_damping(<float in [0,1]>) <qubit>
#pragma braket noise kraus([[<complex m0_00>, ], ...], [[<complex m1_00>, ], ...], ...) <qubit>[, <qubit>]     // maximum of 2 qubits and maximum of 4 matrices for 1 qubit, 16 for 2

Kraus operator

In order to generate a Kraus operator, you can iterate through a list of matrices, printing each element of the matrix as a complex expression.

When using Kraus operators, remember the following: