CloudTrail contoh file log - AWS CloudTrail
CloudTrail format nama file logContoh file log

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CloudTrail contoh file log

CloudTrail memantau acara untuk akun Anda. Jika Anda membuat jejak, itu mengirimkan peristiwa tersebut sebagai file log ke bucket Amazon S3 Anda. Jika Anda membuat penyimpanan data acara di CloudTrail Lake, peristiwa dicatat ke penyimpanan data acara Anda. Penyimpanan data acara tidak menggunakan bucket S3.

CloudTrail format nama file log

CloudTrail menggunakan format nama file berikut untuk objek file log yang dikirimkan ke bucket Amazon S3 Anda:

AccountID_CloudTrail_RegionName_YYYYMMDDTHHmmZ_UniqueString.FileNameFormat

  • ItuYYYY,MM, DDHH,, dan mm merupakan digit tahun, bulan, hari, jam, dan menit ketika file log dikirimkan. Jam dalam format 24 jam. ZIni menunjukkan bahwa waktunya dalam UTC.

    catatan

    Berkas log yang dikirimkan pada waktu tertentu dapat berisi catatan yang ditulis kapan pun sebelum waktu tersebut.

  • UniqueStringKomponen 16 karakter dari nama file log ada untuk mencegah penimpaan file. Tidak memiliki makna, dan perangkat lunak pemroses log harus mengabaikannya.

  • FileNameFormatadalah pengkodean file. Saat ini, ini adalahjson.gz, yang merupakan file teks JSON dalam format gzip terkompresi.

Contoh Nama File CloudTrail Log

111122223333_CloudTrail_us-east-2_20150801T0210Z_Mu0KsOhtH1ar15ZZ.json.gz

Contoh file log

File log berisi satu atau lebih catatan. Contoh berikut adalah cuplikan log yang menunjukkan catatan untuk tindakan yang memulai pembuatan file log.

Untuk informasi tentang bidang catatan CloudTrail peristiwa, lihatCloudTrail isi rekam.

Contoh log Amazon EC2

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) menyediakan kapasitas komputasi yang dapat diubah ukurannya dalam format. AWS Cloud Anda dapat meluncurkan server virtual, mengkonfigurasi keamanan dan jaringan, dan mengelola penyimpanan. Amazon EC2 juga dapat meningkatkan atau menurunkan skala dengan cepat untuk menangani perubahan persyaratan atau lonjakan popularitas, sehingga mengurangi kebutuhan Anda untuk memperkirakan lalu lintas server. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Panduan Pengguna Amazon EC2.

Contoh berikut menunjukkan bahwa pengguna IAM bernama Mateo menjalankan aws ec2 start-instances perintah untuk memanggil tindakan Amazon StartInstancesEC2 untuk i-EXAMPLE56126103cb instance dan. i-EXAMPLEaff4840c22 

{"Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "EXAMPLE6E4XEGITWATV6R",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/Mateo",
        "accountId": "123456789012",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Mateo",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {},
            "webIdFederationData": {},
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:17:28Z",
    "eventSource": "ec2.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "StartInstances",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.5 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/ec2.start-instances",
    "requestParameters": {
        "instancesSet": {
            "items": [
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLE56126103cb"
                },
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLEaff4840c22"
                }
            ]
        }
    },
    "responseElements": {
        "requestId": "e4336db0-149f-4a6b-844d-EXAMPLEb9d16",
        "instancesSet": {
            "items": [
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLEaff4840c22",
                    "currentState": {
                        "code": 0,
                        "name": "pending"
                    },
                    "previousState": {
                        "code": 80,
                        "name": "stopped"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLE56126103cb",
                    "currentState": {
                        "code": 0,
                        "name": "pending"
                    },
                    "previousState": {
                        "code": 80,
                        "name": "stopped"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    },
    "requestID": "e4336db0-149f-4a6b-844d-EXAMPLEb9d16",
    "eventID": "e755e09c-42f9-4c5c-9064-EXAMPLE228c7",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
     "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}]}

Contoh berikut menunjukkan bahwa pengguna IAM bernama Nikki menjalankan aws ec2 stop-instances perintah untuk memanggil tindakan Amazon StopInstancesEC2 untuk menghentikan dua instance.

{"Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "EXAMPLE6E4XEGITWATV6R",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::777788889999:user/Nikki",
        "accountId": "777788889999",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Nikki",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {},
            "webIdFederationData": {},
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:14:20Z",
    "eventSource": "ec2.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "StopInstances",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.5 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/ec2.stop-instances",
    "requestParameters": {
        "instancesSet": {
            "items": [
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLE56126103cb"
                },
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLEaff4840c22"
                }
            ]
        },
        "force": false
    },
    "responseElements": {
        "requestId": "c308a950-e43e-444e-afc1-EXAMPLE73e49",
        "instancesSet": {
            "items": [
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLE56126103cb",
                    "currentState": {
                        "code": 64,
                        "name": "stopping"
                    },
                    "previousState": {
                        "code": 16,
                        "name": "running"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLEaff4840c22",
                    "currentState": {
                        "code": 64,
                        "name": "stopping"
                    },
                    "previousState": {
                        "code": 16,
                        "name": "running"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    },
    "requestID": "c308a950-e43e-444e-afc1-EXAMPLE73e49",
    "eventID": "9357a8cc-a0eb-46a1-b67e-EXAMPLE19b14",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "777788889999",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
     "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}]}

Contoh berikut menunjukkan bahwa pengguna IAM bernama Arnav menjalankan aws ec2 create-key-pair perintah untuk memanggil CreateKeyPairtindakan. Perhatikan bahwa responseElements mengandung hash dari key pair dan yang AWS menghapus materi kunci.

{"Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "AIDA6ON6E4XEGIEXAMPLE",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::444455556666:user/Arnav",
        "accountId": "444455556666",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Arnav",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {},
            "webIdFederationData": {},
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:19:22Z",
    "eventSource": "ec2.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "CreateKeyPair",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.5 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/ec2.create-key-pair",
    "requestParameters": {
        "keyName": "my-key",
        "keyType": "rsa",
        "keyFormat": "pem"
    },
    "responseElements": {
        "requestId": "9aa4938f-720f-4f4b-9637-EXAMPLE9a196",
        "keyName": "my-key",
        "keyFingerprint": "1f:51:ae:28:bf:89:e9:d8:1f:25:5d:37:2d:7d:b8:ca:9f:f5:f1:6f",
        "keyPairId": "key-abcd12345eEXAMPLE",
        "keyMaterial": "<sensitiveDataRemoved>"
    },
    "requestID": "9aa4938f-720f-4f4b-9637-EXAMPLE9a196",
    "eventID": "2ae450ff-e72b-4de1-87b0-EXAMPLE5227cb",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "444455556666",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}]}

Contoh log IAM

AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) adalah layanan web yang membantu Anda mengontrol akses ke AWS sumber daya dengan aman. Dengan IAM, Anda dapat mengelola izin secara terpusat yang mengendalikan sumber daya AWS yang dapat diakses pengguna. Anda menggunakan IAM untuk mengontrol siapa yang diautentikasi (masuk) dan diotorisasi (memiliki izin) untuk menggunakan sumber daya. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Panduan Pengguna IAM.

Contoh berikut menunjukkan bahwa pengguna IAM bernama Mary menjalankan aws iam create-user perintah untuk memanggil CreateUsertindakan untuk membuat pengguna baru bernamaRichard.

{"Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "AIDA6ON6E4XEGITEXAMPLE",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::888888888888:user/Mary",
        "accountId": "888888888888",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Mary",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {},
            "webIdFederationData": {},
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:25:09Z",
    "eventSource": "iam.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "CreateUser",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.5 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/iam.create-user",
    "requestParameters": {
        "userName": "Richard"
    },
    "responseElements": {
        "user": {
            "path": "/",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::888888888888:user/Richard",
            "userId": "AIDA6ON6E4XEP7EXAMPLE",
            "createDate": "Jul 19, 2023 9:25:09 PM",
            "userName": "Richard"
        }
    },
    "requestID": "2d528c76-329e-410b-9516-EXAMPLE565dc",
    "eventID": "ba0801a1-87ec-4d26-be87-EXAMPLE75bbb",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "888888888888",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "iam.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}]}

Contoh berikut menunjukkan bahwa pengguna IAM bernama Paulo menjalankan aws iam add-user-to-group perintah untuk memanggil AddUserToGrouptindakan untuk menambahkan pengguna bernama Jane ke Admin grup.

{"Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "AIDA6ON6E4XEGIEXAMPLE",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::555555555555:user/Paulo",
        "accountId": "555555555555",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Paulo",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {},
            "webIdFederationData": {},
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:25:09Z",
    "eventSource": "iam.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "AddUserToGroup",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.5 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/iam.add-user-to-group",
    "requestParameters": {
        "groupName": "Admin",
        "userName": "Jane"
    },
    "responseElements": null,
    "requestID": "ecd94349-b36f-44bf-b6f5-EXAMPLE9c463",
    "eventID": "2939ba50-1d26-4a5a-83bd-EXAMPLE85850",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "555555555555",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "iam.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}]}

Contoh berikut menunjukkan bahwa pengguna IAM bernama Saanvi menjalankan aws iam create-role perintah untuk memanggil CreateRoletindakan untuk membuat peran.

{"Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "AIDA6ON6E4XEGITEXAMPLE",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::777777777777:user/Saanvi",
        "accountId": "777777777777",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Saanvi",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {},
            "webIdFederationData": {},
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:29:12Z",
    "eventSource": "iam.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "CreateRole",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.5 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/iam.create-role",
    "requestParameters": {
        "roleName": "TestRole",
        "description": "Allows EC2 instances to call AWS services on your behalf.",
        "assumeRolePolicyDocument": "{\"Version\":\"2012-10-17\",\"Statement\":[{\"Effect\":\"Allow\",\"Action\":[\"sts:AssumeRole\"],\"Principal\":{\"Service\":[\"ec2.amazonaws.com\"]}}]}"
    },
    "responseElements": {
        "role": {
            "assumeRolePolicyDocument": "%7B%22Version%22%3A%222012-10-17%22%2C%22Statement%22%3A%5B%7B%22Effect%22%3A%22Allow%22%2C%22Action%22%3A%5B%22sts%3AAssumeRole%22%5D%2C%22Principal%22%3A%7B%22Service%22%3A%5B%22ec2.amazonaws.com%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::777777777777:role/TestRole",
            "roleId": "AROA6ON6E4XEFFEXAMPLE",
            "createDate": "Jul 19, 2023 9:29:12 PM",
            "roleName": "TestRole",
            "path": "/"
        }
    },
    "requestID": "ff38f36e-ebd3-425b-9939-EXAMPLE1bbe",
    "eventID": "9da77cd0-493f-4c89-8852-EXAMPLEa887c",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "777777777777",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "iam.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}]}

Kode kesalahan dan contoh log pesan

Contoh berikut menunjukkan bahwa pengguna IAM bernama Terry menjalankan aws cloudtrail update-trail perintah untuk memanggil UpdateTrailtindakan untuk memperbarui jejak bernamamyTrail2, tetapi nama jejak tidak ditemukan. Log menunjukkan kesalahan ini di errorMessage elemen errorCode dan. 

{"Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.09",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "AIDA6ON6E4XEGIEXAMPLE",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:user/Terry",
        "accountId": "111122223333",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Terry",
        "sessionContext": {
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:35:03Z",
    "eventSource": "cloudtrail.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "UpdateTrail",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.0 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/cloudtrail.update-trail",
    "errorCode": "TrailNotFoundException",
    "errorMessage": "Unknown trail: arn:aws:cloudtrail:us-east-1:111122223333:trail/myTrail2 for the user: 111122223333",
    "requestParameters": {
        "name": "myTrail2",
        "isMultiRegionTrail": true
    },
    "responseElements": null,
    "requestID": "28d2faaf-3319-4649-998d-EXAMPLE72818",
    "eventID": "694d604a-d190-4470-8dd1-EXAMPLEe20c1",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "111122223333",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "cloudtrail.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}]}

CloudTrail Contoh log peristiwa wawasan

Contoh berikut menunjukkan log peristiwa CloudTrail Insights. Peristiwa Insights sebenarnya adalah sepasang peristiwa yang menandai awal dan akhir periode aktivitas API manajemen tulis yang tidak biasa atau aktivitas respons kesalahan. stateBidang menunjukkan apakah acara dicatat pada awal atau akhir periode aktivitas yang tidak biasa. Nama acara,UpdateInstanceInformation, adalah nama yang sama dengan AWS Systems Manager API yang CloudTrail menganalisis peristiwa manajemen untuk menentukan bahwa aktivitas yang tidak biasa terjadi. Meskipun peristiwa awal dan akhir memiliki eventID nilai unik, mereka juga memiliki sharedEventID nilai yang digunakan oleh pasangan. Peristiwa Insights menunjukkanbaseline, atau pola aktivitas normal,insight, atau rata-rata aktivitas tidak biasa yang memicu peristiwa Wawasan awal, dan pada akhirnya peristiwa, insight nilai rata-rata aktivitas yang tidak biasa selama durasi acara Wawasan. Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang CloudTrail Wawasan, lihatAcara Logging Insights.

{
    "Records": [{
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "eventTime": "2023-01-02T02:51:00Z",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "eventID": "654a30ff-b0f3-4527-81b6-EXAMPLEf2393",
        "eventType": "AwsCloudTrailInsight",
        "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
        "sharedEventID": "bcbfc274-8559-4a56-beb0-EXAMPLEa6c34",
        "insightDetails": {
            "state": "Start",
            "eventSource": "ssm.amazonaws.com",
            "eventName": "UpdateInstanceInformation",
            "insightType": "ApiCallRateInsight",
            "insightContext": {
                "statistics": {
                    "baseline": {
                        "average": 84.410596421
                    },
                    "insight": {
                        "average": 669
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "eventCategory": "Insight"
    },
    {
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "eventTime": "2023-01-02T00:22:00Z",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "eventID": "258de2fb-e2a9-4fb5-aeb2-EXAMPLE449a4",
        "eventType": "AwsCloudTrailInsight",
        "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
        "sharedEventID": "8b74a7bc-d5d3-4d19-9d60-EXAMPLE08b51",
        "insightDetails": {
            "state": "End",
            "eventSource": "ssm.amazonaws.com",
            "eventName": "UpdateInstanceInformation",
            "insightType": "ApiCallRateInsight",
            "insightContext": {
                "statistics": {
                    "baseline": {
                        "average": 74.156423842
                    },
                    "insight": {
                        "average": 657
                    },
                    "insightDuration": 1
                }
            }
        },
        "eventCategory": "Insight"
    }]
}