DELETE and UPDATE FROM

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SQL Server Usage

SQL Server supports an extension to the ANSI standard that allows using an additional FROM clause in UPDATE and DELETE statements.

You can use this additional FROM clause to limit the number of modified rows by joining the table being updated, or deleted from, to one or more other tables. This functionality is similar to using a WHERE clause with a derived table sub-query. For UPDATE, you can use this syntax to set multiple column values simultaneously without repeating the sub-query for every column.

However, these statements can introduce logical inconsistencies if a row in an updated table is matched to more than one row in a joined table. The current implementation chooses an arbitrary value from the set of potential values and is non-deterministic.

Syntax

UPDATE <Table Name>
SET <Column Name> = <Expression> ,...
FROM <Table Source>
WHERE <Filter Predicate>;

DELETE FROM <Table Name>
FROM <Table Source>
WHERE <Filter Predicate>;

Examples

The following example deletes customers with no orders.

CREATE TABLE Customers
(
  Customer VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY
);

INSERT INTO Customers VALUES
('John'),
('Jim'),
('Jack')

CREATE TABLE Orders
(
  OrderID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  Customer VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
  OrderDate DATE NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO Orders (OrderID, Customer, OrderDate) VALUES
(1, 'Jim', '20180401'),
(2, 'Jack', '20180402');

DELETE FROM Customers
FROM Customers AS C
  LEFT OUTER JOIN
  Orders AS O
  ON O.Customer = C.Customer
WHERE O.OrderID IS NULL;

SELECT *
FROM Customers;

Customer
Jim
Jack

The following example updates multiple columns in Orders based on the values in OrderCorrections.

CREATE TABLE OrderCorrections
(
  OrderID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  Customer VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
  OrderDate DATE NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO OrderCorrections
VALUES (1, 'Jack', '20180324');

UPDATE O
SET Customer = OC.Customer,
  OrderDate = OC.OrderDate
FROM Orders AS O
  INNER JOIN
  OrderCorrections AS OC
  ON O.OrderID = OC.OrderID;

SELECT *
FROM Orders;

Customer  OrderDate
Jack      2018-03-24
Jack      2018-04-02

For more information, see UPDATE (Transact-SQL), DELETE (Transact-SQL), and FROM clause plus JOIN, APPLY, PIVOT (Transact-SQL) in the SQL Server documentation.

PostgreSQL Usage

Aurora PostgreSQL doesn’t support the DELETE..FROM syntax, but it support the UPDATE FROM syntax.

Syntax

[ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
UPDATE [ ONLY ] table_name [ * ] [ [ AS ] alias ]
  SET { column_name = { expression | DEFAULT } |
    ( column_name [, ...] ) = ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) |
    ( column_name [, ...] ) = ( sub-SELECT )
  } [, ...]
  [ FROM from_list ]
  [ WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]
  [ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ]

Migration Considerations

You can rewrite the DELETE statements as subqueries. Place the subqueries in the WHERE clause. This workaround is simple and, in most cases, easier to read and understand.

Examples

The following example deletes customers with no orders.

CREATE TABLE Customers
(
  Customer VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY
);

INSERT INTO Customers
VALUES
('John'),
('Jim'),
('Jack')

CREATE TABLE Orders
(
  OrderID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  Customer VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
  OrderDate DATE NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO Orders (OrderID, Customer, OrderDate)
VALUES
(1, 'Jim', '20180401'),
(2, 'Jack', '20180402');

DELETE FROM Customers
WHERE Customer NOT IN (
  SELECT Customer
  FROM Orders
);

SELECT * FROM Customers;

Customer
Jim
Jack

The following example updates multiple columns in Orders based on the values in OrderCorrections

CREATE TABLE OrderCorrections
(
  OrderID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  Customer VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
  OrderDate DATE NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO OrderCorrections
VALUES (1, 'Jack', '20180324');

UPDATE orders
SET Customer = OC.Customer,
  OrderDate = OC.OrderDate
FROM Orders AS O
  INNER JOIN
  OrderCorrections AS OC
  ON O.OrderID = OC.OrderID;

SELECT *
FROM Orders;

Customer  OrderDate
Jack      2018-03-24
Jack      2018-04-02

Summary

The following table identifies similarities, differences, and key migration considerations.

For more information, see DELETE and UPDATE in the PostgreSQL documentation.