Use Network Firewall to capture the DNS domain names from the Server Name Indication (SNI) for outbound traffic

Create a CloudWatch log group.

For more information, see Working with log groups and log streams in the CloudWatch documentation.

Create an SNS topic.

To create an SNS topic, follow the instructions in the Amazon SNS documentation.

Subscribe an endpoint to the SNS topic.

To subscribe an email address as an endpoint to the SNS topic that you created, follow the instructions in the Amazon SNS documentation. For Protocol, choose Email/Email-JSON. Note: You can also choose a different endpoint based on your requirements.

Enable firewall logging.

For more information about using CloudWatch Logs as a log destination for Network Firewall, see Amazon CloudWatch Logs in the Network Firewall documentation. 

Create a stateful rule.

Associate the stateful rule to Network Firewall.

Create the code for the Lambda function.

In an integrated development environment (IDE) that can read the CloudWatch Logs event from Network Firewall for outbound traffic, paste in the following Python 3 code and replace <SNS-topic-ARN> with your value:

import json
import gzip
import base64
import boto3
sns_client = boto3.client('sns')
def lambda_handler(event, context):
    decoded_event = json.loads(gzip.decompress(base64.b64decode(event['awslogs']['data'])))
    body = '''
    {filtermatch}
    '''.format(
        loggroup=decoded_event['logGroup'],
        logstream=decoded_event['logStream'],
        filtermatch=decoded_event['logEvents'][0]['message'],
    )
    print(body)
    filterMatch = json.loads(body)
    data = []
    if 'http' in filterMatch['event']:
        data.append(filterMatch['event']['http']['hostname'])
    elif 'tls' in filterMatch['event']:
        data.append(filterMatch['event']['tls']['sni'])
    result = 'Domain accessed ' + 1*' ' + (data[0]) + 1*' ' 'via AWS Network Firewall ' + 1*' '  + (filterMatch['firewall_name'])
    print(result)
    message = {'ServerName': result}
    send_to_sns = sns_client.publish(
        TargetArn=<SNS-topic-ARN>,          #Replace with the SNS topic ARN
        Message=json.dumps({'default': json.dumps(message),
                        'sms': json.dumps(message),
                        'email': json.dumps(message)}),
        Subject='Server Name passed through the Network Firewall',
        MessageStructure='json'
    )

This code sample parses the CloudWatch Logs content and captures the server name provided by the SNI in the HTTPS header.

Create the Lambda function.

To create the Lambda function, follow the instructions in the Lambda documentation and choose Python 3.9 for Runtime.

Add the code to the Lambda function.

To add your Python code to the Lambda function that you created earlier, follow the instructions in the Lambda documentation.

Add CloudWatch Logs as a trigger to the Lambda function.

For more information, see Using Lambda with CloudWatch Logs in the Lambda documentation.

Add SNS publish permissions.

Add the sns:Publish permission to the Lambda execution role, so that Lambda can make API calls to publish messages to SNS.  

{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "AllowSNSPublish",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "sns:GetTopicAttributes",
                "sns:Subscribe",
                "sns:Unsubscribe",
                "sns:Publish"
            ],
            "Resource": "*"
        }
    ]
}

Send traffic through Network Firewall.

{
    "Type": "Notification",
    "MessageId": "<messageID>",
    "TopicArn": "arn:aws:sns:us-west-2:123456789:testSNSTopic",
    "Subject": "Server Name passed through the Network Firewall",
    "Message": "{\"ServerName\": \"Domain 'aws.amazon.com' accessed via AWS Network Firewall 'AWS-Network-Firewall-Multi-AZ-firewall\"}",
    "Timestamp": "2022-03-22T04:10:04.217Z",
    "SignatureVersion": "1",
    "Signature": "<Signature>",
    "SigningCertURL": "<SigningCertUrl>",
    "UnsubscribeURL": "<UnsubscribeURL>"
}

Then, check the Network Firewall alert log in Amazon CloudWatch by following the instructions in the Amazon CloudWatch documentation. The alert log shows the following output:

{
    "firewall_name": "AWS-Network-Firewall-Multi-AZ-firewall",
    "availability_zone": "us-east-2b",
    "event_timestamp": "<event timestamp>",
    "event": {
        "timestamp": "2021-03-22T04:10:04.214222+0000",
        "flow_id": <flow ID>,
        "event_type": "alert",
        "src_ip": "10.1.3.76",
        "src_port": 22761,
        "dest_ip": "99.86.59.73",
        "dest_port": 443,
        "proto": "TCP",
        "alert": {
            "action": "allowed",
            "signature_id": 2,
            "rev": 0,
            "signature": "",
            "category": "",
            "severity": 3
        },
        "tls": {
            "subject": "CN=aws.amazon.com",
            "issuerdn": "C=US, O=Amazon, OU=Server CA 1B, CN=Amazon",
            "serial": "<serial number>",
            "fingerprint": "<fingerprint ID>",
            "sni": "aws.amazon.com",
            "version": "TLS 1.2",
            "notbefore": "2020-09-30T00:00:00",
            "notafter": "2021-09-23T12:00:00",
            "ja3": {},
            "ja3s": {}
        },
        "app_proto": "tls"
    }
}