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使用 IAM 进行身份验证

概述

使用IAM身份验证，当您的缓存配置为OSS使用 Valkey 或 Redis 版本 7 或更高OSS版本时，您可以使用 AWS IAM身份验证 ElastiCache 与 Valkey 或 Redis 的连接。这使您可以增强安全模型并简化许多管理安全任务。您还可以使用IAM身份验证为每个 ElastiCache 缓存和 ElastiCache 用户配置精细的访问控制，遵循最低权限权限原则。IAM ElastiCache 使用 Valkey 或 Redis 进行身份验证OSS的工作原理是，在 Valkey、Redis 或命令中提供短期IAM身份验证令牌，而不是 Valkey、Redis 或命令中的长期 ElastiCache 用户密码。OSS AUTH HELLO有关IAM身份验证令牌的更多信息，请参阅《 AWS 通用参考指南》中的签名版本 4 签名过程和下面的代码示例。

您可以使用IAM身份及其相关策略来进一步限制 Valkey 或 Redis OSS 的访问权限。您还可以直接向来自其联合身份提供商的用户授予对 Valkey 或 Redis OSS 缓存的访问权限。

要 AWS IAM与一起使用 ElastiCache，首先需要创建一个身份验证模式设置为的 ElastiCache 用户IAM。然后，您可以创建或重复使用身IAM份。IAM身份需要关联的策略才能将elasticache:Connect操作授予 ElastiCache 缓存和 ElastiCache 用户。配置完成后，您可以使用IAM用户或角色的 AWS 凭据创建IAM身份验证令牌。最后，在连接到缓存时，您需要在 Valkey 或 Redis OSS 客户端中提供短期IAM身份验证令牌作为密码。支持凭证提供程序的 Valkey 或 Redis OSS 客户端可以自动为每个新连接生成临时证书。 ElastiCache 将对IAM启用该功能的 ElastiCache 用户的连接请求进行IAM身份验证，并将使用验证连接请求。IAM

限制

使用IAM身份验证时，存在以下限制：

设置

要设置IAM验证，请执行以下操作：

连接

使用令牌作为密码进行连接

您首先需要使用 AWS SigV4 预签名请求生成短期IAM身份验证令牌。之后，在连接到 Valkey 或 Redis OSS 缓存时，您需要提供IAM身份验证令牌作为密码，如下例所示。

String userId = "insert user id";
String cacheName = "insert cache name";
boolean isServerless = true;
String region = "insert region";

// Create a default AWS Credentials provider.
// This will look for AWS credentials defined in environment variables or system properties.
AWSCredentialsProvider awsCredentialsProvider = new DefaultAWSCredentialsProviderChain();

// Create an IAM authentication token request and signed it using the AWS credentials.
// The pre-signed request URL is used as an IAM authentication token for ElastiCache (Redis OSS).
IAMAuthTokenRequest iamAuthTokenRequest = new IAMAuthTokenRequest(userId, cacheName, region, isServerless);
String iamAuthToken = iamAuthTokenRequest.toSignedRequestUri(awsCredentialsProvider.getCredentials());

// Construct Redis OSS URL with IAM Auth credentials provider
RedisURI redisURI = RedisURI.builder()
    .withHost(host)
    .withPort(port)
    .withSsl(ssl)
    .withAuthentication(userId, iamAuthToken)
    .build();

// Create a new Lettuce Redis OSS client
RedisClient client = RedisClient.create(redisURI);
client.connect();

以下为 IAMAuthTokenRequest 的定义。

public class IAMAuthTokenRequest {
    private static final HttpMethodName REQUEST_METHOD = HttpMethodName.GET;
    private static final String REQUEST_PROTOCOL = "http://";
    private static final String PARAM_ACTION = "Action";
    private static final String PARAM_USER = "User";
    private static final String PARAM_RESOURCE_TYPE = "ResourceType";
    private static final String RESOURCE_TYPE_SERVERLESS_CACHE = "ServerlessCache";
    private static final String ACTION_NAME = "connect";
    private static final String SERVICE_NAME = "elasticache";
    private static final long TOKEN_EXPIRY_SECONDS = 900;

    private final String userId;
    private final String cacheName;
    private final String region;
    private final boolean isServerless;

    public IAMAuthTokenRequest(String userId, String cacheName, String region, boolean isServerless) {
        this.userId = userId;
        this.cacheName = cacheName;
        this.region = region;
        this.isServerless = isServerless;
    }

    public String toSignedRequestUri(AWSCredentials credentials) throws URISyntaxException {
        Request<Void> request = getSignableRequest();
        sign(request, credentials);
        return new URIBuilder(request.getEndpoint())
            .addParameters(toNamedValuePair(request.getParameters()))
            .build()
            .toString()
            .replace(REQUEST_PROTOCOL, "");
    }

    private <T> Request<T> getSignableRequest() {
        Request<T> request  = new DefaultRequest<>(SERVICE_NAME);
        request.setHttpMethod(REQUEST_METHOD);
        request.setEndpoint(getRequestUri());
        request.addParameters(PARAM_ACTION, Collections.singletonList(ACTION_NAME));
        request.addParameters(PARAM_USER, Collections.singletonList(userId));
        if (isServerless) {
            request.addParameters(PARAM_RESOURCE_TYPE, Collections.singletonList(RESOURCE_TYPE_SERVERLESS_CACHE));
        }
        return request;
    }

    private URI getRequestUri() {
        return URI.create(String.format("%s%s/", REQUEST_PROTOCOL, cacheName));
    }

    private <T> void sign(SignableRequest<T> request, AWSCredentials credentials) {
        AWS4Signer signer = new AWS4Signer();
        signer.setRegionName(region);
        signer.setServiceName(SERVICE_NAME);

        DateTime dateTime = DateTime.now();
        dateTime = dateTime.plus(Duration.standardSeconds(TOKEN_EXPIRY_SECONDS));

        signer.presignRequest(request, credentials, dateTime.toDate());
    }

    private static List<NameValuePair> toNamedValuePair(Map<String, List<String>> in) {
        return in.entrySet().stream()
            .map(e -> new BasicNameValuePair(e.getKey(), e.getValue().get(0)))
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }
}

使用凭证提供程序进行连接

以下代码显示了如何 ElastiCache 使用身份验证凭据提供程序进行IAM身份验证。

String userId = "insert user id";
String cacheName = "insert cache name";
boolean isServerless = true;
String region = "insert region";

// Create a default AWS Credentials provider.
// This will look for AWS credentials defined in environment variables or system properties.
AWSCredentialsProvider awsCredentialsProvider = new DefaultAWSCredentialsProviderChain();

// Create an IAM authentication token request. Once this request is signed it can be used as an
// IAM authentication token for ElastiCache (Redis OSS).
IAMAuthTokenRequest iamAuthTokenRequest = new IAMAuthTokenRequest(userId, cacheName, region, isServerless);

// Create a Redis OSS credentials provider using IAM credentials.
RedisCredentialsProvider redisCredentialsProvider = new RedisIAMAuthCredentialsProvider(
    userId, iamAuthTokenRequest, awsCredentialsProvider);
    
// Construct Redis OSS URL with IAM Auth credentials provider
RedisURI redisURI = RedisURI.builder()
    .withHost(host)
    .withPort(port)
    .withSsl(ssl)
    .withAuthentication(redisCredentialsProvider)
    .build();

// Create a new Lettuce Redis OSS client
RedisClient client = RedisClient.create(redisURI);
client.connect();

以下是 Lettuce Redis 客户端的示例，该OSS客户端将封装在证书提供程序IAMAuthTokenRequest中，以便在需要时自动生成临时证书。

public class RedisIAMAuthCredentialsProvider implements RedisCredentialsProvider {
    private static final long TOKEN_EXPIRY_SECONDS = 900;

    private final AWSCredentialsProvider awsCredentialsProvider;
    private final String userId;
    private final IAMAuthTokenRequest iamAuthTokenRequest;
    private final Supplier<String> iamAuthTokenSupplier;

    public RedisIAMAuthCredentialsProvider(String userId,
        IAMAuthTokenRequest iamAuthTokenRequest,
        AWSCredentialsProvider awsCredentialsProvider) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.awsCredentialsProvider = awsCredentialsProvider;
        this.iamAuthTokenRequest = iamAuthTokenRequest;      
        this.iamAuthTokenSupplier = Suppliers.memoizeWithExpiration(this::getIamAuthToken, TOKEN_EXPIRY_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    @Override
    public Mono<RedisCredentials> resolveCredentials() {
        return Mono.just(RedisCredentials.just(userId, iamAuthTokenSupplier.get()));
    }

    private String getIamAuthToken() {
        return iamAuthTokenRequest.toSignedRequestUri(awsCredentialsProvider.getCredentials());
    }
}