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Amazon S3 Encryption Client Migration

This topic shows how to migrate your applications from Version 1 (V1) of the Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) encryption client to Version 2 (V2) and ensure application availability throughout the migration process.

Migration Overview

This migration happens in two phases:

1. Update existing clients to read new formats. First, deploy an updated version of the AWS SDK for C++ to your application. This allows existing V1 encryption clients to decrypt objects written by the new V2 clients. If your application uses multiple AWS SDKs, you must upgrade each SDK separately.

2. Migrate encryption and decryption clients to V2. Once all of your V1 encryption clients can read new formats, you can migrate your existing encryption and decryption clients to their respective V2 versions.

Update Existing Clients to Read New Formats

You must first update your existing clients to the latest SDK release. After completing this step, your application’s V1 clients will be able to decrypt objects encrypted by V2 encryption clients without updating your application’s code base.

Build and Install the Latest Version of the AWS SDK for C++

Applications Consuming the SDK from Source

If you build and install the AWS SDK for C++ from source, download or clone the SDK source from aws/aws-sdk-cpp on GitHub . Then repeat your normal build and install steps.

If you are upgrading AWS SDK for C++ from a version earlier than 1.8.x, see this CHANGELOG for breaking changes introduced in each major version. For more information about how to build and install the AWS SDK for C++, see Get the AWS SDK for C++ from source code.

Applications Consuming the SDK from Vcpkg

If your application uses Vcpkg to track SDK updates, simply use your existing Vcpkg upgrade method to upgrade the SDK to the latest version. Keep in mind, there is a delay between when a version is released and when it is available through a package manager. The most recent version is always available through installing from source.

You can run the following command to upgrade package aws-sdk-cpp:

vcpkg upgrade aws-sdk-cpp

And verify the version of package aws-sdk-cpp:

vcpkg list aws-sdk-cpp

The version should be at least 1.8.24.

For more information on using Vcpkg with the AWS SDK for C++, see Get the AWS SDK for C++ from a package manager.

Build, Install, and Deploy Your Applications

If your application is statically linking against the AWS SDK for C++, code changes are not required in your application, but you must build your application again to consume the latest SDK changes. This step is not necessary for dynamic linking.

After upgrading your application’s dependency version and verifying application functionality, proceed to deploying your application to your fleet. Once application deployment is complete, you can proceed with the next phase for migrating your application to use the V2 encryption and decryption clients.

Migrate Encryption and Decryption Clients to V2

The following steps show you how to successfully migrate your code from V1 to V2 of the Amazon S3 encryption client. Since code changes are required, you will need to rebuild your application regardless of whether it’s statically or dynamically linking against the AWS SDK for C++.

Using New Encryption Materials

With V2 Amazon S3 encryption clients and the V2 crypto configuration, the following encryption materials have been deprecated:

They have been replaced with the following secure encryption materials:

The following code changes are required to construct a V2 S3 encryption client:

Example: Using the KMS/KMSWithContext Key Wrap Algorithm

Pre-migration (KMS key wrap)

auto materials = Aws::MakeShared<KMSEncryptionMaterials>("s3Encryption", CUSTOMER_MASTER_KEY_ID);
CryptoConfiguration cryptoConfig;
S3EncryptionClient encryptionClient(materials, cryptoConfig);
// Code snippet here to setup the putObjectRequest object.
encryptionClient.PutObject(putObjectRequest);

Post-migration (KMSWithContext key wrap)

auto materials = Aws::MakeShared<KMSWithContextEncryptionMaterials>("s3EncryptionV2", CUSTOMER_MASTER_KEY_ID);
CryptoConfigurationV2 cryptoConfig(materials);
S3EncryptionClientV2 encryptionClient(cryptoConfig);
// Code snippet here to setup the putObjectRequest object.
Aws::Map<Aws::String, Aws::String> kmsContextMap;
kmsContextMap.emplace("client", "aws-sdk-cpp");
kmsContextMap.emplace("version", "1.8.0");
encryptionClient.PutObject(putObjectRequest, kmsContextMap /* could be empty as well */);

Example: Using the AES/AES-GCM Key Wrap Algorithm

Pre-migration (AES key wrap)

auto materials = Aws::MakeShared<SimpleEncryptionMaterials>("s3Encryption", HashingUtils::Base64Decode(AES_MASTER_KEY_BASE64));
CryptoConfiguration cryptoConfig;
S3EncryptionClient encryptionClient(materials, cryptoConfig);
// Code snippet here to setup the putObjectRequest object.
encryptionClient.PutObject(putObjectRequest);

Post-migration (AES-GCM key wrap)

auto materials = Aws::MakeShared<SimpleEncryptionMaterialsWithGCMAAD>("s3EncryptionV2", HashingUtils::Base64Decode(AES_MASTER_KEY_BASE64));
CryptoConfigurationV2 cryptoConfig(materials);
S3EncryptionClientV2 encryptionClient(cryptoConfig);
// Code snippet here to setup the putObjectRequest object.
encryptionClient.PutObject(putObjectRequest, {} /* must be an empty map */);

Additional Examples

The following examples demonstrate how to address specific use cases related to a migration from V1 to V2.

Decrypt Objects Encrypted by Legacy Amazon S3 Encryption Clients

By default, you can’t use the V2 Amazon S3 encryption client to decrypt objects that were encrypted with deprecated key wrap algorithms or deprecated content crypto schemas.

The following key wrap algorithms have been deprecated:

And the following content crypto schemas have been deprecated:

If you’re using legacy Amazon S3 encryption clients in the AWS SDK for C++ to encrypt the objects, you’re likely using the deprecated methods if:

To use the V2 Amazon S3 encryption client to decrypt objects that were encrypted by deprecated key wrap algorithms or deprecated content crypto schemas, you must override the default value of SecurityProfile in the V2 crypto configuration from V2 to V2_AND_LEGACY.

Example

Pre-migration

auto materials = Aws::MakeShared<KMSEncryptionMaterials>("s3Encryption", CUSTOMER_MASTER_KEY_ID);
CryptoConfiguration cryptoConfig;
S3EncryptionClient encryptionClient(materials, cryptoConfig);
// Code snippet here to setup the getObjectRequest object.
encryptionClient.GetObject(getObjectRequest);

Post-migration

auto materials = Aws::MakeShared<KMSWithContextEncryptionMaterials>("s3EncryptionV2", CUSTOMER_MASTER_KEY_ID);
CryptoConfigurationV2 cryptoConfig(materials);
cryptoConfig.SetSecurityProfile(SecurityProfile::V2_AND_LEGACY);
S3EncryptionClientV2 encryptionClient(cryptoConfig);
// Code snippet here to setup the getObjectRequest object.
encryptionClient.GetObject(getObjectRequest);

Decrypt Objects with Range

With legacy Amazon S3 encryption clients, you can specify a range of bytes to receive when decrypting an S3 object. In the V2 Amazon S3 encryption client, this feature is DISABLED by default. Therefore you have to override the default value of RangeGetMode from DISABLED to ALL in the V2 crypto configuration.

Example

Pre-migration

auto materials = Aws::MakeShared<KMSEncryptionMaterials>("s3Encryption", CUSTOMER_MASTER_KEY_ID);
CryptoConfiguration cryptoConfig;
S3EncryptionClient encryptionClient(materials, cryptoConfig);
// Code snippet here to setup the getObjectRequest object.
getObjectRequest.WithRange("bytes=38-75");
encryptionClient.GetObject(getObjectRequest);

Post-migration

auto materials = Aws::MakeShared<KMSWithContextEncryptionMaterials>("s3EncryptionV2", CUSTOMER_MASTER_KEY_ID);
CryptoConfigurationV2 cryptoConfig(materials);
cryptoConfig.SetUnAuthenticatedRangeGet(RangeGetMode::ALL);
S3EncryptionClientV2 encryptionClient(cryptoConfig);
// Code snippet here to setup the getObjectRequest object.
getObjectRequest.WithRange("bytes=38-75");
encryptionClient.GetObject(getObjectRequest);

Decrypt Objects with any CMK

When decrypting objects that were encrypted with KMSWithContextEncryptionMaterials, V2 Amazon S3 encryption clients are capable of letting KMS to find the proper CMK by providing an empty master key. This feature is DISABLED by default. You have to configure it explicitly by calling SetKMSDecryptWithAnyCMK(true) for your KMS encryption materials.

Example

Pre-migration

auto materials = Aws::MakeShared<KMSEncryptionMaterials>("s3Encryption", ""/* provide an empty KMS Master Key*/);
CryptoConfiguration cryptoConfig;
S3EncryptionClient encryptionClient(materials, cryptoConfig);
// Code snippet here to setup the getObjectRequest object.
encryptionClient.GetObject(getObjectRequest);

Post-migration

auto materials = Aws::MakeShared<KMSWithContextEncryptionMaterials>("s3EncryptionV2", ""/* provide an empty KMS Master Key*/);
materials.SetKMSDecryptWithAnyCMK(true);
CryptoConfigurationV2 cryptoConfig(materials);
S3EncryptionClientV2 encryptionClient(cryptoConfig);
// Code snippet here to setup the getObjectRequest object.
encryptionClient.GetObject(getObjectRequest);

For complete code for all of these migration scenarios, see the Amazon S3 Encryption example on Github.