本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本，如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處，概以英文版為準。
從中獲取數據 AWS X-Ray
AWS X-Ray 處理您傳送給它的追蹤資料，以便以 JSON 格式產生完整追蹤、追蹤摘要和服務圖形。您可以使用 AWS CLI 直接從 API 擷取產生的資料。
擷取服務圖表
您可以使用 GetServiceGraph API 擷取 JSON 服務圖表。API 需要開始時間及結束時間。您可以從 Linux 終端機使用 date 命令來計算該時間。
$ date +%s
1499394617date +%s 會印出日期 (秒)。使用此數字做為結束時間，並減去時間來取得開始時間。
範例 擷取最後 10 分鐘服務圖表的指令碼
EPOCH=$(date +%s) aws xray get-service-graph --start-time $(($EPOCH-600)) --end-time $EPOCH
下列範例顯示包含 4 個節點的服務圖表，其中包括一個用戶端節點、EC2 執行個體、一個 DynamoDB 表和一個 Amazon SNS 主題。
範例 GetServiceGraph 輸出
{ "Services": [ { "ReferenceId": 0, "Name": "xray-sample.elasticbeanstalk.com", "Names": [ "xray-sample.elasticbeanstalk.com" ], "Type": "client", "State": "unknown", "StartTime": 1528317567.0, "EndTime": 1528317589.0, "Edges": [ { "ReferenceId": 2, "StartTime": 1528317567.0, "EndTime": 1528317589.0, "SummaryStatistics": { "OkCount": 3, "ErrorStatistics": { "ThrottleCount": 0, "OtherCount": 1, "TotalCount": 1 }, "FaultStatistics": { "OtherCount": 0, "TotalCount": 0 }, "TotalCount": 4, "TotalResponseTime": 0.273 }, "ResponseTimeHistogram": [ { "Value": 0.005, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.015, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.157, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.096, "Count": 1 } ], "Aliases": [] } ] }, { "ReferenceId": 1, "Name": "awseb-e-dixzws4s9p-stack-StartupSignupsTable-4IMSMHAYX2BA", "Names": [ "awseb-e-dixzws4s9p-stack-StartupSignupsTable-4IMSMHAYX2BA" ], "Type": "AWS::DynamoDB::Table", "State": "unknown", "StartTime": 1528317583.0, "EndTime": 1528317589.0, "Edges": [], "SummaryStatistics": { "OkCount": 2, "ErrorStatistics": { "ThrottleCount": 0, "OtherCount": 0, "TotalCount": 0 }, "FaultStatistics": { "OtherCount": 0, "TotalCount": 0 }, "TotalCount": 2, "TotalResponseTime": 0.12 }, "DurationHistogram": [ { "Value": 0.076, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.044, "Count": 1 } ], "ResponseTimeHistogram": [ { "Value": 0.076, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.044, "Count": 1 } ] }, { "ReferenceId": 2, "Name": "xray-sample.elasticbeanstalk.com", "Names": [ "xray-sample.elasticbeanstalk.com" ], "Root": true, "Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance", "State": "active", "StartTime": 1528317567.0, "EndTime": 1528317589.0, "Edges": [ { "ReferenceId": 1, "StartTime": 1528317567.0, "EndTime": 1528317589.0, "SummaryStatistics": { "OkCount": 2, "ErrorStatistics": { "ThrottleCount": 0, "OtherCount": 0, "TotalCount": 0 }, "FaultStatistics": { "OtherCount": 0, "TotalCount": 0 }, "TotalCount": 2, "TotalResponseTime": 0.12 }, "ResponseTimeHistogram": [ { "Value": 0.076, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.044, "Count": 1 } ], "Aliases": [] }, { "ReferenceId": 3, "StartTime": 1528317567.0, "EndTime": 1528317589.0, "SummaryStatistics": { "OkCount": 2, "ErrorStatistics": { "ThrottleCount": 0, "OtherCount": 0, "TotalCount": 0 }, "FaultStatistics": { "OtherCount": 0, "TotalCount": 0 }, "TotalCount": 2, "TotalResponseTime": 0.125 }, "ResponseTimeHistogram": [ { "Value": 0.049, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.076, "Count": 1 } ], "Aliases": [] } ], "SummaryStatistics": { "OkCount": 3, "ErrorStatistics": { "ThrottleCount": 0, "OtherCount": 1, "TotalCount": 1 }, "FaultStatistics": { "OtherCount": 0, "TotalCount": 0 }, "TotalCount": 4, "TotalResponseTime": 0.273 }, "DurationHistogram": [ { "Value": 0.005, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.015, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.157, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.096, "Count": 1 } ], "ResponseTimeHistogram": [ { "Value": 0.005, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.015, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.157, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.096, "Count": 1 } ] }, { "ReferenceId": 3, "Name": "SNS", "Names": [ "SNS" ], "Type": "AWS::SNS", "State": "unknown", "StartTime": 1528317583.0, "EndTime": 1528317589.0, "Edges": [], "SummaryStatistics": { "OkCount": 2, "ErrorStatistics": { "ThrottleCount": 0, "OtherCount": 0, "TotalCount": 0 }, "FaultStatistics": { "OtherCount": 0, "TotalCount": 0 }, "TotalCount": 2, "TotalResponseTime": 0.125 }, "DurationHistogram": [ { "Value": 0.049, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.076, "Count": 1 } ], "ResponseTimeHistogram": [ { "Value": 0.049, "Count": 1 }, { "Value": 0.076, "Count": 1 } ] } ] }
根據群組擷取服務圖表
若要根據群組的內容呼叫服務圖形，請包含 groupName 或 groupARN。以下範例為服務圖表呼叫名為 Example1 的群組。
範例 根據名稱為 Example1 群組擷取服務圖表的指令碼
aws xray get-service-graph --group-name "Example1"
擷取追蹤
您可以使用 GetTraceSummaries API 取得追蹤摘要清單。追蹤摘要包含您可以用來識別要完整下載追蹤的資訊，包含標註、請求和回應資訊，以及 ID。
呼叫 aws xray
get-trace-summaries 時有兩個 TimeRangeType 標記可用：
-
TraceId— 預設
GetTraceSummaries搜尋使用 TracEid 時間，並傳回在計算[start_time, end_time)範圍內啟動的追蹤。此時間戳記範圍是根據中的時間戳記編碼計算的 TraceId，或者可以手動定義。 -
事件時間 — 若要搜尋一段時間內發生的事件， AWS X-Ray 允許使用事件時間戳記搜尋追蹤。事件時間會傳回
[start_time, end_time)範圍內作用中的追蹤，無論追蹤由何時開始。
使用 aws xray get-trace-summaries 命令來取得追蹤摘要清單。下列命令會使用預設 TraceId時間取得過去 1 到 2 分鐘之間的追蹤摘要清單。
範例 取得追蹤摘要的指令碼
EPOCH=$(date +%s) aws xray get-trace-summaries --start-time $(($EPOCH-120)) --end-time $(($EPOCH-60))
範例 GetTraceSummaries 輸出
{
"TraceSummaries": [
{
"HasError": false,
"Http": {
"HttpStatus": 200,
"ClientIp": "205.255.255.183",
"HttpURL": "http://scorekeep.elasticbeanstalk.com/api/session",
"UserAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36",
"HttpMethod": "POST"
},
"Users": [],
"HasFault": false,
"Annotations": {},
"ResponseTime": 0.084,
"Duration": 0.084,
"Id": "1-59602606-a43a1ac52fc7ee0eea12a82c",
"HasThrottle": false
},
{
"HasError": false,
"Http": {
"HttpStatus": 200,
"ClientIp": "205.255.255.183",
"HttpURL": "http://scorekeep.elasticbeanstalk.com/api/user",
"UserAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36",
"HttpMethod": "POST"
},
"Users": [
{
"UserName": "5M388M1E"
}
],
"HasFault": false,
"Annotations": {
"UserID": [
{
"AnnotationValue": {
"StringValue": "5M388M1E"
}
}
],
"Name": [
{
"AnnotationValue": {
"StringValue": "Ola"
}
}
]
},
"ResponseTime": 3.232,
"Duration": 3.232,
"Id": "1-59602603-23fc5b688855d396af79b496",
"HasThrottle": false
}
],
"ApproximateTime": 1499473304.0,
"TracesProcessedCount": 2
}使用來自輸出的追蹤 ID 來透過 BatchGetTraces API 擷取完整追蹤。
範例 BatchGetTraces 命令
$ aws xray batch-get-traces --trace-ids 1-596025b4-7170afe49f7aa708b1dd4a6b範例 BatchGetTraces 輸出
{
"Traces": [
{
"Duration": 3.232,
"Segments": [
{
"Document": "{\"id\":\"1fb07842d944e714\",\"name\":\"random-name\",\"start_time\":1.499473411677E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414572E9,\"parent_id\":\"0c544c1b1bbff948\",\"http\":{\"response\":{\"status\":200}},\"aws\":{\"request_id\":\"ac086670-6373-11e7-a174-f31b3397f190\"},\"trace_id\":\"1-59602603-23fc5b688855d396af79b496\",\"origin\":\"AWS::Lambda\",\"resource_arn\":\"arn:aws:lambda:us-west-2:123456789012:function:random-name\"}",
"Id": "1fb07842d944e714"
},
{
"Document": "{\"id\":\"194fcc8747581230\",\"name\":\"Scorekeep\",\"start_time\":1.499473411562E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414794E9,\"http\":{\"request\":{\"url\":\"http://scorekeep.elasticbeanstalk.com/api/user\",\"method\":\"POST\",\"user_agent\":\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36\",\"client_ip\":\"205.251.233.183\"},\"response\":{\"status\":200}},\"aws\":{\"elastic_beanstalk\":{\"version_label\":\"app-abb9-170708_002045\",\"deployment_id\":406,\"environment_name\":\"scorekeep-dev\"},\"ec2\":{\"availability_zone\":\"us-west-2c\",\"instance_id\":\"i-0cd9e448944061b4a\"},\"xray\":{\"sdk_version\":\"1.1.2\",\"sdk\":\"X-Ray for Java\"}},\"service\":{},\"trace_id\":\"1-59602603-23fc5b688855d396af79b496\",\"user\":\"5M388M1E\",\"origin\":\"AWS::ElasticBeanstalk::Environment\",\"subsegments\":[{\"id\":\"0c544c1b1bbff948\",\"name\":\"Lambda\",\"start_time\":1.499473411629E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414572E9,\"http\":{\"response\":{\"status\":200,\"content_length\":14}},\"aws\":{\"log_type\":\"None\",\"status_code\":200,\"function_name\":\"random-name\",\"invocation_type\":\"RequestResponse\",\"operation\":\"Invoke\",\"request_id\":\"ac086670-6373-11e7-a174-f31b3397f190\",\"resource_names\":[\"random-name\"]},\"namespace\":\"aws\"},{\"id\":\"071684f2e555e571\",\"name\":\"## UserModel.saveUser\",\"start_time\":1.499473414581E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414769E9,\"metadata\":{\"debug\":{\"test\":\"Metadata string from UserModel.saveUser\"}},\"subsegments\":[{\"id\":\"4cd3f10b76c624b4\",\"name\":\"DynamoDB\",\"start_time\":1.49947341469E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414769E9,\"http\":{\"response\":{\"status\":200,\"content_length\":57}},\"aws\":{\"table_name\":\"scorekeep-user\",\"operation\":\"UpdateItem\",\"request_id\":\"MFQ8CGJ3JTDDVVVASUAAJGQ6NJ82F738BOB4KQNSO5AEMVJF66Q9\",\"resource_names\":[\"scorekeep-user\"]},\"namespace\":\"aws\"}]}]}",
"Id": "194fcc8747581230"
},
{
"Document": "{\"id\":\"00f91aa01f4984fd\",\"name\":\"random-name\",\"start_time\":1.49947341283E9,\"end_time\":1.49947341457E9,\"parent_id\":\"1fb07842d944e714\",\"aws\":{\"function_arn\":\"arn:aws:lambda:us-west-2:123456789012:function:random-name\",\"resource_names\":[\"random-name\"],\"account_id\":\"123456789012\"},\"trace_id\":\"1-59602603-23fc5b688855d396af79b496\",\"origin\":\"AWS::Lambda::Function\",\"subsegments\":[{\"id\":\"e6d2fe619f827804\",\"name\":\"annotations\",\"start_time\":1.499473413012E9,\"end_time\":1.499473413069E9,\"annotations\":{\"UserID\":\"5M388M1E\",\"Name\":\"Ola\"}},{\"id\":\"b29b548af4d54a0f\",\"name\":\"SNS\",\"start_time\":1.499473413112E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414071E9,\"http\":{\"response\":{\"status\":200}},\"aws\":{\"operation\":\"Publish\",\"region\":\"us-west-2\",\"request_id\":\"a2137970-f6fc-5029-83e8-28aadeb99198\",\"retries\":0,\"topic_arn\":\"arn:aws:sns:us-west-2:123456789012:awseb-e-ruag3jyweb-stack-NotificationTopic-6B829NT9V5O9\"},\"namespace\":\"aws\"},{\"id\":\"2279c0030c955e52\",\"name\":\"Initialization\",\"start_time\":1.499473412064E9,\"end_time\":1.499473412819E9,\"aws\":{\"function_arn\":\"arn:aws:lambda:us-west-2:123456789012:function:random-name\"}}]}",
"Id": "00f91aa01f4984fd"
},
{
"Document": "{\"id\":\"17ba309b32c7fbaf\",\"name\":\"DynamoDB\",\"start_time\":1.49947341469E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414769E9,\"parent_id\":\"4cd3f10b76c624b4\",\"inferred\":true,\"http\":{\"response\":{\"status\":200,\"content_length\":57}},\"aws\":{\"table_name\":\"scorekeep-user\",\"operation\":\"UpdateItem\",\"request_id\":\"MFQ8CGJ3JTDDVVVASUAAJGQ6NJ82F738BOB4KQNSO5AEMVJF66Q9\",\"resource_names\":[\"scorekeep-user\"]},\"trace_id\":\"1-59602603-23fc5b688855d396af79b496\",\"origin\":\"AWS::DynamoDB::Table\"}",
"Id": "17ba309b32c7fbaf"
},
{
"Document": "{\"id\":\"1ee3c4a523f89ca5\",\"name\":\"SNS\",\"start_time\":1.499473413112E9,\"end_time\":1.499473414071E9,\"parent_id\":\"b29b548af4d54a0f\",\"inferred\":true,\"http\":{\"response\":{\"status\":200}},\"aws\":{\"operation\":\"Publish\",\"region\":\"us-west-2\",\"request_id\":\"a2137970-f6fc-5029-83e8-28aadeb99198\",\"retries\":0,\"topic_arn\":\"arn:aws:sns:us-west-2:123456789012:awseb-e-ruag3jyweb-stack-NotificationTopic-6B829NT9V5O9\"},\"trace_id\":\"1-59602603-23fc5b688855d396af79b496\",\"origin\":\"AWS::SNS\"}",
"Id": "1ee3c4a523f89ca5"
}
],
"Id": "1-59602603-23fc5b688855d396af79b496"
}
],
"UnprocessedTraceIds": []
}完整追蹤包含每個區段的文件，該文件是從所有使用相同追蹤 ID 接收到的區段文件編譯而成。這些文件並不代表應用程式傳送至 X-Ray 的資料。相反，它們代表 X-Ray 服務生成的處理文檔。X-Ray 會編譯應用程式傳送的區段文件，並移除不符合區段文件結構描述的資料，以建立完整的追蹤文件。
X-Ray 也會針對未傳送區段本身的服務的下游呼叫建立推斷的區段。例如，當您使用已檢測的用戶端呼叫 DynamoDB 時，X-Ray SDK 會記錄一個子區段，其中包含有關呼叫的詳細資訊。但是，DynamoDB 不會傳送對應的區段。X-Ray 會使用子區段中的資訊建立推斷的區段，以代表追蹤對應中的 DynamoDB 資源，並將其新增至追蹤文件。
要從 API 獲取多個跟踪，您需要一個跟踪 ID 的列表，您可以get-trace-summaries使用AWS CLI 查詢從的輸出中提取該列表。將清單重新導向batch-get-traces至的輸入，以取得特定時段的完整追蹤。
範例 取得一分鐘期間完整追蹤的指令碼
EPOCH=$(date +%s) TRACEIDS=$(aws xray get-trace-summaries --start-time $(($EPOCH-120)) --end-time $(($EPOCH-60)) --query 'TraceSummaries[*].Id' --output text) aws xray batch-get-traces --trace-ids $TRACEIDS --query 'Traces[*]'
擷取和精簡根本原因分析
使用 GetTraceSummaries API 產生追蹤摘要時，部分追蹤摘要可以 JSON 格式重複使用，以根據根本原因建立精簡的篩選器運算式。如需精簡步驟的演練，請參閱以下範例。
範例 GetTraceSummaries 輸出-回應時間根本原因區段
{ "Services": [ { "Name": "GetWeatherData", "Names": ["GetWeatherData"], "AccountId": 123456789012, "Type": null, "Inferred": false, "EntityPath": [ { "Name": "GetWeatherData", "Coverage": 1.0, 'Remote": false }, { "Name": "get_temperature", "Coverage": 0.8, "Remote": false } ] }, { "Name": "GetTemperature", "Names": ["GetTemperature"], "AccountId": 123456789012, "Type": null, "Inferred": false, "EntityPath": [ { "Name": "GetTemperature", "Coverage": 0.7, "Remote": false } ] } ] }
透過編輯和忽略上述輸出，可利用此 JSON 篩選條件符合根本原因的實體。針對出現在 JSON 中的每一個欄位，任何待選項目必須完全相符，否則不會傳回追蹤。已移除的欄位會成為萬用字元值，與篩選條件表達式查詢結構相容的格式。
範例 重新格式化回應時間根本原因
{ "Services": [ { "Name": "GetWeatherData", "EntityPath": [ { "Name": "GetWeatherData" }, { "Name": "get_temperature" } ] }, { "Name": "GetTemperature", "EntityPath": [ { "Name": "GetTemperature" } ] } ] }
然後，此 JSON 會透過呼叫 rootcause.json = #[{}]，做為篩選條件表達式的一部分使用。如需查詢篩選條件表達式的詳細資訊，請參閱篩選條件表達式一章。
範例 JSON 篩選條件
rootcause.json = #[{ "Services": [ { "Name": "GetWeatherData", "EntityPath": [{ "Name": "GetWeatherData" }, { "Name": "get_temperature" } ] }, { "Name": "GetTemperature", "EntityPath": [ { "Name": "GetTemperature" } ] } ] }]
