In this tutorial Prerequisites Step one: Save the AWS CloudFormation template locally Step two: Create the stack using the AWS CLI Step three: Upload a DAG to Amazon S3 and run in the Apache Airflow UI Step four: View logs in CloudWatch Logs What's next?

Quick start tutorial for Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow

This quick start tutorial uses an AWS CloudFormation template that creates the Amazon VPC infrastructure, an Amazon S3 bucket with a dags folder, and an Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow environment at the same time.

Topics

In this tutorial
Prerequisites
Step one: Save the AWS CloudFormation template locally
Step two: Create the stack using the AWS CLI
Step three: Upload a DAG to Amazon S3 and run in the Apache Airflow UI
Step four: View logs in CloudWatch Logs
What's next?

In this tutorial

This tutorial walks you through three AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) commands to upload a DAG to Amazon S3, run the DAG in Apache Airflow, and view logs in CloudWatch. It concludes by walking you through the steps to create an IAM policy for an Apache Airflow development team.

Note

The AWS CloudFormation template on this page creates an Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow environment for the latest version of Apache Airflow available in AWS CloudFormation. The latest version available is Apache Airflow v2.10.1.

The AWS CloudFormation template on this page creates the following:

VPC infrastructure. The template uses Public routing over the Internet. It uses the Public network access mode for the Apache Airflow Web server in WebserverAccessMode: PUBLIC_ONLY.
Amazon S3 bucket. The template creates an Amazon S3 bucket with a dags folder. It's configured to Block all public access, with Bucket Versioning enabled, as defined in Create an Amazon S3 bucket for Amazon MWAA.
Amazon MWAA environment. The template creates an Amazon MWAA environment that's associated to the dags folder on the Amazon S3 bucket, an execution role with permission to AWS services used by Amazon MWAA, and the default for encryption using an AWS owned key, as defined in Create an Amazon MWAA environment.
CloudWatch Logs. The template enables Apache Airflow logs in CloudWatch at the "INFO" level and up for the Airflow scheduler log group, Airflow web server log group, Airflow worker log group, Airflow DAG processing log group, and the Airflow task log group, as defined in Viewing Airflow logs in Amazon CloudWatch.

In this tutorial, you'll complete the following tasks:

Upload and run a DAG. Upload Apache Airflow's tutorial DAG for the latest Amazon MWAA supported Apache Airflow version to Amazon S3, and then run in the Apache Airflow UI, as defined in Adding or updating DAGs.
View logs. View the Airflow web server log group in CloudWatch Logs, as defined in Viewing Airflow logs in Amazon CloudWatch.
Create an access control policy. Create an access control policy in IAM for your Apache Airflow development team, as defined in Accessing an Amazon MWAA environment.

Prerequisites

The AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) is an open source tool that enables you to interact with AWS services using commands in your command-line shell. To complete the steps on this page, you need the following:

Step one: Save the AWS CloudFormation template locally

Copy the contents of the following template and save locally as mwaa-public-network.yml. You can also download the template.


AWSTemplateFormatVersion: "2010-09-09"

Parameters:

  EnvironmentName:
    Description: An environment name that is prefixed to resource names
    Type: String
    Default: MWAAEnvironment

  VpcCIDR:
    Description: The IP range (CIDR notation) for this VPC
    Type: String
    Default: 10.192.0.0/16

  PublicSubnet1CIDR:
    Description: The IP range (CIDR notation) for the public subnet in the first Availability Zone
    Type: String
    Default: 10.192.10.0/24

  PublicSubnet2CIDR:
    Description: The IP range (CIDR notation) for the public subnet in the second Availability Zone
    Type: String
    Default: 10.192.11.0/24

  PrivateSubnet1CIDR:
    Description: The IP range (CIDR notation) for the private subnet in the first Availability Zone
    Type: String
    Default: 10.192.20.0/24
  PrivateSubnet2CIDR:
    Description: The IP range (CIDR notation) for the private subnet in the second Availability Zone
    Type: String
    Default: 10.192.21.0/24
  MaxWorkerNodes:
    Description: The maximum number of workers that can run in the environment
    Type: Number
    Default: 2
  DagProcessingLogs:
    Description: Log level for DagProcessing
    Type: String
    Default: INFO
  SchedulerLogsLevel:
    Description: Log level for SchedulerLogs
    Type: String
    Default: INFO
  TaskLogsLevel:
    Description: Log level for TaskLogs
    Type: String
    Default: INFO
  WorkerLogsLevel:
    Description: Log level for WorkerLogs
    Type: String
    Default: INFO
  WebserverLogsLevel:
    Description: Log level for WebserverLogs
    Type: String
    Default: INFO

Resources:
  #####################################################################################################################
  # CREATE VPC
  #####################################################################################################################

  VPC:
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPC
    Properties:
      CidrBlock: !Ref VpcCIDR
      EnableDnsSupport: true
      EnableDnsHostnames: true
      Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: MWAAEnvironment

  InternetGateway:
    Type: AWS::EC2::InternetGateway
    Properties:
      Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: MWAAEnvironment

  InternetGatewayAttachment:
    Type: AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment
    Properties:
      InternetGatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway
      VpcId: !Ref VPC

  PublicSubnet1:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      AvailabilityZone: !Select [ 0, !GetAZs '' ]
      CidrBlock: !Ref PublicSubnet1CIDR
      MapPublicIpOnLaunch: true
      Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: !Sub ${EnvironmentName} Public Subnet (AZ1)

  PublicSubnet2:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      AvailabilityZone: !Select [ 1, !GetAZs  '' ]
      CidrBlock: !Ref PublicSubnet2CIDR
      MapPublicIpOnLaunch: true
      Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: !Sub ${EnvironmentName} Public Subnet (AZ2)

  PrivateSubnet1:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      AvailabilityZone: !Select [ 0, !GetAZs  '' ]
      CidrBlock: !Ref PrivateSubnet1CIDR
      MapPublicIpOnLaunch: false
      Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: !Sub ${EnvironmentName} Private Subnet (AZ1)

  PrivateSubnet2:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      AvailabilityZone: !Select [ 1, !GetAZs  '' ]
      CidrBlock: !Ref PrivateSubnet2CIDR
      MapPublicIpOnLaunch: false
      Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: !Sub ${EnvironmentName} Private Subnet (AZ2)

  NatGateway1EIP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::EIP
    DependsOn: InternetGatewayAttachment
    Properties:
      Domain: vpc

  NatGateway2EIP:
    Type: AWS::EC2::EIP
    DependsOn: InternetGatewayAttachment
    Properties:
      Domain: vpc

  NatGateway1:
    Type: AWS::EC2::NatGateway
    Properties:
      AllocationId: !GetAtt NatGateway1EIP.AllocationId
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet1

  NatGateway2:
    Type: AWS::EC2::NatGateway
    Properties:
      AllocationId: !GetAtt NatGateway2EIP.AllocationId
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet2

  PublicRouteTable:
    Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: !Sub ${EnvironmentName} Public Routes

  DefaultPublicRoute:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Route
    DependsOn: InternetGatewayAttachment
    Properties:
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      GatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway

  PublicSubnet1RouteTableAssociation:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
    Properties:
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet1

  PublicSubnet2RouteTableAssociation:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
    Properties:
      RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
      SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet2


  PrivateRouteTable1:
    Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: !Sub ${EnvironmentName} Private Routes (AZ1)

  DefaultPrivateRoute1:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Route
    Properties:
      RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable1
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      NatGatewayId: !Ref NatGateway1

  PrivateSubnet1RouteTableAssociation:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
    Properties:
      RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable1
      SubnetId: !Ref PrivateSubnet1

  PrivateRouteTable2:
    Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable
    Properties:
      VpcId: !Ref VPC
      Tags:
        - Key: Name
          Value: !Sub ${EnvironmentName} Private Routes (AZ2)

  DefaultPrivateRoute2:
    Type: AWS::EC2::Route
    Properties:
      RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable2
      DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
      NatGatewayId: !Ref NatGateway2

  PrivateSubnet2RouteTableAssociation:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SubnetRouteTableAssociation
    Properties:
      RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable2
      SubnetId: !Ref PrivateSubnet2

  SecurityGroup:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
    Properties:
      GroupName: "mwaa-security-group"
      GroupDescription: "Security group with a self-referencing inbound rule."
      VpcId: !Ref VPC

  SecurityGroupIngress:
    Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroupIngress
    Properties:
      GroupId: !Ref SecurityGroup
      IpProtocol: "-1"
      SourceSecurityGroupId: !Ref SecurityGroup

  EnvironmentBucket:
    Type: AWS::S3::Bucket
    Properties:
      VersioningConfiguration:
        Status: Enabled
      PublicAccessBlockConfiguration: 
        BlockPublicAcls: true
        BlockPublicPolicy: true
        IgnorePublicAcls: true
        RestrictPublicBuckets: true

  #####################################################################################################################
  # CREATE MWAA
  #####################################################################################################################

  MwaaEnvironment:
    Type: AWS::MWAA::Environment
    DependsOn: MwaaExecutionPolicy
    Properties:
      Name: !Sub "${AWS::StackName}-MwaaEnvironment"
      SourceBucketArn: !GetAtt EnvironmentBucket.Arn
      ExecutionRoleArn: !GetAtt MwaaExecutionRole.Arn
      DagS3Path: dags/  
      NetworkConfiguration:
        SecurityGroupIds:
          - !GetAtt SecurityGroup.GroupId
        SubnetIds:
          - !Ref PrivateSubnet1
          - !Ref PrivateSubnet2
      WebserverAccessMode: PUBLIC_ONLY
      MaxWorkers: !Ref MaxWorkerNodes
      LoggingConfiguration:
        DagProcessingLogs:
          LogLevel: !Ref DagProcessingLogs
          Enabled: true
        SchedulerLogs:
          LogLevel: !Ref SchedulerLogsLevel
          Enabled: true
        TaskLogs:
          LogLevel: !Ref TaskLogsLevel
          Enabled: true
        WorkerLogs:
          LogLevel: !Ref WorkerLogsLevel
          Enabled: true
        WebserverLogs:
          LogLevel: !Ref WebserverLogsLevel
          Enabled: true

  MwaaExecutionRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: 2012-10-17
        Statement:
          - Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              Service:
                - airflow-env.amazonaws.com
                - airflow.amazonaws.com
            Action:
             - "sts:AssumeRole"
      Path: "/service-role/"

  MwaaExecutionPolicy:
    DependsOn: EnvironmentBucket
    Type: AWS::IAM::ManagedPolicy
    Properties:
      Roles:
        - !Ref MwaaExecutionRole
      PolicyDocument:
        Version: 2012-10-17
        Statement:
          - Effect: Allow
            Action: airflow:PublishMetrics
            Resource:
              - !Sub "arn:aws:airflow:${AWS::Region}:${AWS::AccountId}:environment/${EnvironmentName}"
          - Effect: Deny
            Action: s3:ListAllMyBuckets
            Resource:
              - !Sub "${EnvironmentBucket.Arn}"
              - !Sub "${EnvironmentBucket.Arn}/*"

          - Effect: Allow
            Action:
              - "s3:GetObject*"
              - "s3:GetBucket*"
              - "s3:List*"
            Resource:
              - !Sub "${EnvironmentBucket.Arn}"
              - !Sub "${EnvironmentBucket.Arn}/*"
          - Effect: Allow
            Action:
              - logs:DescribeLogGroups
            Resource: "*"

          - Effect: Allow
            Action:
              - logs:CreateLogStream
              - logs:CreateLogGroup
              - logs:PutLogEvents
              - logs:GetLogEvents
              - logs:GetLogRecord
              - logs:GetLogGroupFields
              - logs:GetQueryResults
              - logs:DescribeLogGroups
            Resource:
              - !Sub "arn:aws:logs:${AWS::Region}:${AWS::AccountId}:log-group:airflow-${AWS::StackName}*"
          - Effect: Allow
            Action: cloudwatch:PutMetricData
            Resource: "*"
          - Effect: Allow
            Action:
              - sqs:ChangeMessageVisibility
              - sqs:DeleteMessage
              - sqs:GetQueueAttributes
              - sqs:GetQueueUrl
              - sqs:ReceiveMessage
              - sqs:SendMessage
            Resource:
              - !Sub "arn:aws:sqs:${AWS::Region}:*:airflow-celery-*"
          - Effect: Allow
            Action:
              - kms:Decrypt
              - kms:DescribeKey
              - "kms:GenerateDataKey*"
              - kms:Encrypt
            NotResource: !Sub "arn:aws:kms:*:${AWS::AccountId}:key/*"
            Condition:
              StringLike:
                "kms:ViaService":
                  - !Sub "sqs.${AWS::Region}.amazonaws.com"
Outputs:
  VPC:
    Description: A reference to the created VPC
    Value: !Ref VPC

  PublicSubnets:
    Description: A list of the public subnets
    Value: !Join [ ",", [ !Ref PublicSubnet1, !Ref PublicSubnet2 ]]

  PrivateSubnets:
    Description: A list of the private subnets
    Value: !Join [ ",", [ !Ref PrivateSubnet1, !Ref PrivateSubnet2 ]]

  PublicSubnet1:
    Description: A reference to the public subnet in the 1st Availability Zone
    Value: !Ref PublicSubnet1

  PublicSubnet2:
    Description: A reference to the public subnet in the 2nd Availability Zone
    Value: !Ref PublicSubnet2

  PrivateSubnet1:
    Description: A reference to the private subnet in the 1st Availability Zone
    Value: !Ref PrivateSubnet1

  PrivateSubnet2:
    Description: A reference to the private subnet in the 2nd Availability Zone
    Value: !Ref PrivateSubnet2

  SecurityGroupIngress:
    Description: Security group with self-referencing inbound rule
    Value: !Ref SecurityGroupIngress

  MwaaApacheAirflowUI:
    Description: MWAA Environment
    Value: !Sub  "https://${MwaaEnvironment.WebserverUrl}"

Step two: Create the stack using the AWS CLI

In your command prompt, navigate to the directory where mwaa-public-network.yml is stored. For example:
```
cd mwaaproject
```
Use the aws cloudformation create-stack command to create the stack using the AWS CLI.
```
aws cloudformation create-stack --stack-name mwaa-environment-public-network --template-body file://mwaa-public-network.yml --capabilities CAPABILITY_IAM
```
Note
It takes over 30 minutes to create the Amazon VPC infrastructure, Amazon S3 bucket, and Amazon MWAA environment.

Step three: Upload a DAG to Amazon S3 and run in the Apache Airflow UI

Copy the contents of the tutorial.py file for the latest supported Apache Airflow version and save locally as tutorial.py.
In your command prompt, navigate to the directory where tutorial.py is stored. For example:
```
cd mwaaproject
```
Use the following command to list all of your Amazon S3 buckets.
```
aws s3 ls
```
Use the following command to list the files and folders in the Amazon S3 bucket for your environment.
```
aws s3 ls s3://YOUR_S3_BUCKET_NAME
```
Use the following script to upload the tutorial.py file to your dags folder. Substitute the sample value in YOUR_S3_BUCKET_NAME.
```
aws s3 cp tutorial.py s3://YOUR_S3_BUCKET_NAME/dags/
```
Open the Environments page on the Amazon MWAA console.
Choose an environment.
Choose Open Airflow UI.
On the Apache Airflow UI, from the list of available DAGs, choose the tutorial DAG.
On the DAG details page, choose the Pause/Unpause DAG toggle next to your DAG name to unpause the DAG.
Choose Trigger DAG.

Step four: View logs in CloudWatch Logs

You can view Apache Airflow logs in the CloudWatch console for all of the Apache Airflow logs that were enabled by the AWS CloudFormation stack. The following section shows how to view logs for the Airflow web server log group.

Open the Environments page on the Amazon MWAA console.
Choose an environment.
Choose the Airflow web server log group on the Monitoring pane.
Choose the webserver_console_ip log in Log streams.

What's next?

Learn more about how to upload DAGs, specify Python dependencies in a requirements.txt and custom plugins in a plugins.zip in Working with DAGs on Amazon MWAA.
Learn more about the best practices we recommend to tune the performance of your environment in Performance tuning for Apache Airflow on Amazon MWAA.
Create a monitoring dashboard for your environment in Monitoring dashboards and alarms on Amazon MWAA.
Run some of the DAG code samples in Code examples for Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow.

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