CloudTrail 日誌檔案範例 - AWS CloudTrail
CloudTrail 日誌檔案名稱格式日誌檔案範例

本文為英文版的機器翻譯版本，如內容有任何歧義或不一致之處，概以英文版為準。

CloudTrail 日誌檔案範例

CloudTrail 會監控您帳戶的事件。如果您建立追蹤，其會將這些事件做為日誌檔案交付至您的 Amazon S3 儲存貯體。如果您在 CloudTrail Lake 中建立事件資料存放區，事件會記錄到您的事件資料存放區。事件資料存放區不會使用 S3 儲存貯體。

CloudTrail 日誌檔案名稱格式

CloudTrail 針對交付至 Amazon S3 儲存貯體的日誌檔案物件， 會使用下列檔案名稱格式：

AccountID_CloudTrail_RegionName_YYYYMMDDTHHmmZ_UniqueString.FileNameFormat

  • YYYY、MM、DD、HH 和 mm 是交付日誌檔案之年、月、日、時和分的數字。小時為 24 小時格式。Z 表示時間位於 中UTC。

    注意

    在特定時間交付的日誌檔案，會包含該時間之前的任何時間點所寫入之記錄。

  • 日誌檔案名稱的 16 字元 UniqueString 元件是為了避免覆寫檔案。它沒有任何意義，所以日誌處理軟體應會忽略它。

  • FileNameFormat 是檔案的編碼。目前，這是 json.gz，這是壓縮 gzip 格式JSON的文字檔案。

CloudTrail 日誌檔案名稱範例

111122223333_CloudTrail_us-east-2_20150801T0210Z_Mu0KsOhtH1ar15ZZ.json.gz

日誌檔案範例

日誌檔案包含一或多筆記錄。下列範例是日誌的程式碼片段，可顯示開始建立日誌檔案之動作的記錄。

如需 CloudTrail 事件記錄欄位的資訊，請參閱 CloudTrail 記錄內容。

Amazon EC2日誌範例

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) 在 中提供可調整大小的運算容量 AWS 雲端。您可以啟動虛擬伺服器、設定安全和聯網功能，以及管理儲存。Amazon EC2也可以快速擴展或縮減規模，以處理需求的變化或熱門度激增，從而減少預測伺服器流量的需求。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 Amazon EC2使用者指南。

下列範例顯示名為 Mateo IAM的使用者執行 aws ec2 start-instances命令來呼叫執行個體 i-EXAMPLE56126103cb和 的 Amazon EC2StartInstances動作i-EXAMPLEaff4840c22。

{"Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "EXAMPLE6E4XEGITWATV6R",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/Mateo",
        "accountId": "123456789012",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Mateo",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {},
            "webIdFederationData": {},
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:17:28Z",
    "eventSource": "ec2.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "StartInstances",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.5 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/ec2.start-instances",
    "requestParameters": {
        "instancesSet": {
            "items": [
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLE56126103cb"
                },
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLEaff4840c22"
                }
            ]
        }
    },
    "responseElements": {
        "requestId": "e4336db0-149f-4a6b-844d-EXAMPLEb9d16",
        "instancesSet": {
            "items": [
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLEaff4840c22",
                    "currentState": {
                        "code": 0,
                        "name": "pending"
                    },
                    "previousState": {
                        "code": 80,
                        "name": "stopped"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLE56126103cb",
                    "currentState": {
                        "code": 0,
                        "name": "pending"
                    },
                    "previousState": {
                        "code": 80,
                        "name": "stopped"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    },
    "requestID": "e4336db0-149f-4a6b-844d-EXAMPLEb9d16",
    "eventID": "e755e09c-42f9-4c5c-9064-EXAMPLE228c7",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
     "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}]}

下列範例顯示名為 Nikki IAM的使用者執行 aws ec2 stop-instances命令來呼叫 Amazon EC2StopInstances動作以停止兩個執行個體。

{"Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "EXAMPLE6E4XEGITWATV6R",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::777788889999:user/Nikki",
        "accountId": "777788889999",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Nikki",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {},
            "webIdFederationData": {},
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:14:20Z",
    "eventSource": "ec2.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "StopInstances",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.5 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/ec2.stop-instances",
    "requestParameters": {
        "instancesSet": {
            "items": [
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLE56126103cb"
                },
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLEaff4840c22"
                }
            ]
        },
        "force": false
    },
    "responseElements": {
        "requestId": "c308a950-e43e-444e-afc1-EXAMPLE73e49",
        "instancesSet": {
            "items": [
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLE56126103cb",
                    "currentState": {
                        "code": 64,
                        "name": "stopping"
                    },
                    "previousState": {
                        "code": 16,
                        "name": "running"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "instanceId": "i-EXAMPLEaff4840c22",
                    "currentState": {
                        "code": 64,
                        "name": "stopping"
                    },
                    "previousState": {
                        "code": 16,
                        "name": "running"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    },
    "requestID": "c308a950-e43e-444e-afc1-EXAMPLE73e49",
    "eventID": "9357a8cc-a0eb-46a1-b67e-EXAMPLE19b14",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "777788889999",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
     "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}]}

下列範例顯示名為 Arnav IAM的使用者執行 aws ec2 create-key-pair命令來呼叫 CreateKeyPair動作。請注意， responseElements包含金鑰對的雜湊，且已 AWS 移除金鑰材料。

{"Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "AIDA6ON6E4XEGIEXAMPLE",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::444455556666:user/Arnav",
        "accountId": "444455556666",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAI44QH8DHBEXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Arnav",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {},
            "webIdFederationData": {},
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:19:22Z",
    "eventSource": "ec2.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "CreateKeyPair",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.5 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/ec2.create-key-pair",
    "requestParameters": {
        "keyName": "my-key",
        "keyType": "rsa",
        "keyFormat": "pem"
    },
    "responseElements": {
        "requestId": "9aa4938f-720f-4f4b-9637-EXAMPLE9a196",
        "keyName": "my-key",
        "keyFingerprint": "1f:51:ae:28:bf:89:e9:d8:1f:25:5d:37:2d:7d:b8:ca:9f:f5:f1:6f",
        "keyPairId": "key-abcd12345eEXAMPLE",
        "keyMaterial": "<sensitiveDataRemoved>"
    },
    "requestID": "9aa4938f-720f-4f4b-9637-EXAMPLE9a196",
    "eventID": "2ae450ff-e72b-4de1-87b0-EXAMPLE5227cb",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "444455556666",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}]}

IAM 日誌範例

AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) 是一種 Web 服務，可協助您安全地控制對 資源的 AWS 存取。透過 IAM，您可以集中管理許可，以控制使用者可以存取哪些 AWS 資源。您可以使用 IAM 來控制 (已登入) 的身分驗證和授權使用資源的 (許可)。如需詳細資訊，請參閱《IAM 使用者指南》https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/。

下列範例顯示名為 Mary IAM的使用者執行 aws iam create-user命令來呼叫 CreateUser動作，以建立新的名為 的使用者Richard。

{"Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "AIDA6ON6E4XEGITEXAMPLE",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::888888888888:user/Mary",
        "accountId": "888888888888",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Mary",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {},
            "webIdFederationData": {},
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:25:09Z",
    "eventSource": "iam.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "CreateUser",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.5 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/iam.create-user",
    "requestParameters": {
        "userName": "Richard"
    },
    "responseElements": {
        "user": {
            "path": "/",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::888888888888:user/Richard",
            "userId": "AIDA6ON6E4XEP7EXAMPLE",
            "createDate": "Jul 19, 2023 9:25:09 PM",
            "userName": "Richard"
        }
    },
    "requestID": "2d528c76-329e-410b-9516-EXAMPLE565dc",
    "eventID": "ba0801a1-87ec-4d26-be87-EXAMPLE75bbb",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "888888888888",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "iam.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}]}

下列範例顯示名為 Paulo IAM的使用者執行 aws iam add-user-to-group命令來呼叫 AddUserToGroup動作，將名為 Jane 的使用者新增至 Admin群組。

{"Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "AIDA6ON6E4XEGIEXAMPLE",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::555555555555:user/Paulo",
        "accountId": "555555555555",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Paulo",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {},
            "webIdFederationData": {},
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:25:09Z",
    "eventSource": "iam.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "AddUserToGroup",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.5 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/iam.add-user-to-group",
    "requestParameters": {
        "groupName": "Admin",
        "userName": "Jane"
    },
    "responseElements": null,
    "requestID": "ecd94349-b36f-44bf-b6f5-EXAMPLE9c463",
    "eventID": "2939ba50-1d26-4a5a-83bd-EXAMPLE85850",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "555555555555",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "iam.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}]}

下列範例顯示名為 Saanvi IAM的使用者執行 aws iam create-role命令，以呼叫 CreateRole動作來建立角色。

{"Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.08",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "AIDA6ON6E4XEGITEXAMPLE",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::777777777777:user/Saanvi",
        "accountId": "777777777777",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Saanvi",
        "sessionContext": {
            "sessionIssuer": {},
            "webIdFederationData": {},
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:29:12Z",
    "eventSource": "iam.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "CreateRole",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.5 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/iam.create-role",
    "requestParameters": {
        "roleName": "TestRole",
        "description": "Allows EC2 instances to call AWS services on your behalf.",
        "assumeRolePolicyDocument": "{\"Version\":\"2012-10-17\",\"Statement\":[{\"Effect\":\"Allow\",\"Action\":[\"sts:AssumeRole\"],\"Principal\":{\"Service\":[\"ec2.amazonaws.com\"]}}]}"
    },
    "responseElements": {
        "role": {
            "assumeRolePolicyDocument": "%7B%22Version%22%3A%222012-10-17%22%2C%22Statement%22%3A%5B%7B%22Effect%22%3A%22Allow%22%2C%22Action%22%3A%5B%22sts%3AAssumeRole%22%5D%2C%22Principal%22%3A%7B%22Service%22%3A%5B%22ec2.amazonaws.com%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::777777777777:role/TestRole",
            "roleId": "AROA6ON6E4XEFFEXAMPLE",
            "createDate": "Jul 19, 2023 9:29:12 PM",
            "roleName": "TestRole",
            "path": "/"
        }
    },
    "requestID": "ff38f36e-ebd3-425b-9939-EXAMPLE1bbe",
    "eventID": "9da77cd0-493f-4c89-8852-EXAMPLEa887c",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "777777777777",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "iam.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}]}

錯誤代碼和訊息日誌範例

下列範例顯示名為 Terry IAM的使用者執行 aws cloudtrail update-trail命令來呼叫 UpdateTrail動作，以更新名為 的線索myTrail2，但找不到線索名稱。日誌會顯示 errorCode 和 errorMessage 元素中的這個錯誤。

{"Records": [{
    "eventVersion": "1.09",
    "userIdentity": {
        "type": "IAMUser",
        "principalId": "AIDA6ON6E4XEGIEXAMPLE",
        "arn": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:user/Terry",
        "accountId": "111122223333",
        "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
        "userName": "Terry",
        "sessionContext": {
            "attributes": {
                "creationDate": "2023-07-19T21:11:57Z",
                "mfaAuthenticated": "false"
            }
        }
    },
    "eventTime": "2023-07-19T21:35:03Z",
    "eventSource": "cloudtrail.amazonaws.com",
    "eventName": "UpdateTrail",
    "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
    "sourceIPAddress": "192.0.2.0",
    "userAgent": "aws-cli/2.13.0 Python/3.11.4 Linux/4.14.255-314-253.539.amzn2.x86_64 exec-env/CloudShell exe/x86_64.amzn.2 prompt/off command/cloudtrail.update-trail",
    "errorCode": "TrailNotFoundException",
    "errorMessage": "Unknown trail: arn:aws:cloudtrail:us-east-1:111122223333:trail/myTrail2 for the user: 111122223333",
    "requestParameters": {
        "name": "myTrail2",
        "isMultiRegionTrail": true
    },
    "responseElements": null,
    "requestID": "28d2faaf-3319-4649-998d-EXAMPLE72818",
    "eventID": "694d604a-d190-4470-8dd1-EXAMPLEe20c1",
    "readOnly": false,
    "eventType": "AwsApiCall",
    "managementEvent": true,
    "recipientAccountId": "111122223333",
    "eventCategory": "Management",
    "tlsDetails": {
        "tlsVersion": "TLSv1.2",
        "cipherSuite": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256",
        "clientProvidedHostHeader": "cloudtrail.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
    },
    "sessionCredentialFromConsole": "true"
}]}

CloudTrail Insights 事件日誌範例

下列範例顯示 CloudTrail Insights 事件日誌。Insights 事件實際上是一對事件，其會標記異常寫入管理API活動或錯誤回應活動的期間開始和結束。state 欄位會顯示事件是在異常活動期間的開始還是結束時記錄的。事件名稱 與 的名稱相同UpdateInstanceInformation， AWS Systems Manager API其會 CloudTrail 分析管理事件以判斷發生異常活動。雖然開始和結束事件具有唯一的 eventID 值，但它們也具有由該組使用的 sharedEventID 值。Insights 事件會顯示 baseline (活動的正常模式)、insight (觸發開始 Insights 事件的或平均異常活動)，以及在結束事件中，顯示 Insights 事件期間平均異常活動的 insight 值。如需 CloudTrail Insights 的詳細資訊，請參閱 使用 CloudTrail Insights。

{
    "Records": [{
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "eventTime": "2023-01-02T02:51:00Z",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "eventID": "654a30ff-b0f3-4527-81b6-EXAMPLEf2393",
        "eventType": "AwsCloudTrailInsight",
        "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
        "sharedEventID": "bcbfc274-8559-4a56-beb0-EXAMPLEa6c34",
        "insightDetails": {
            "state": "Start",
            "eventSource": "ssm.amazonaws.com",
            "eventName": "UpdateInstanceInformation",
            "insightType": "ApiCallRateInsight",
            "insightContext": {
                "statistics": {
                    "baseline": {
                        "average": 84.410596421
                    },
                    "insight": {
                        "average": 669
                    }
                }
            }
        },
        "eventCategory": "Insight"
    },
    {
        "eventVersion": "1.08",
        "eventTime": "2023-01-02T00:22:00Z",
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "eventID": "258de2fb-e2a9-4fb5-aeb2-EXAMPLE449a4",
        "eventType": "AwsCloudTrailInsight",
        "recipientAccountId": "123456789012",
        "sharedEventID": "8b74a7bc-d5d3-4d19-9d60-EXAMPLE08b51",
        "insightDetails": {
            "state": "End",
            "eventSource": "ssm.amazonaws.com",
            "eventName": "UpdateInstanceInformation",
            "insightType": "ApiCallRateInsight",
            "insightContext": {
                "statistics": {
                    "baseline": {
                        "average": 74.156423842
                    },
                    "insight": {
                        "average": 657
                    },
                    "insightDuration": 1
                }
            }
        },
        "eventCategory": "Insight"
    }]
}