Tutorial: Using an Amazon S3 trigger to create thumbnail images

To create the Amazon S3 buckets (console)

1. Open the Amazon S3 console and select the General purpose buckets page.

2. Select the AWS Region closest to your geographical location. You can change your region using the drop-down list at the top of the screen. Later in the tutorial, you must create your Lambda function in the same Region.

   

3. Choose Create bucket.

4. Under General configuration, do the following:

   1. For Bucket type, ensure General purpose is selected.

   2. For Bucket name, enter a globally unique name that meets the Amazon S3 Bucket naming rules. Bucket names can contain only lower case letters, numbers, dots (.), and hyphens (-).

5. Leave all other options set to their default values and choose Create bucket.

6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 to create your destination bucket. For Bucket name, enter amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket-resized, where amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket is the name of the source bucket you just created.

To create the Amazon S3 buckets (AWS CLI)

1. Run the following CLI command to create your source bucket. The name you choose for your bucket must be globally unique and follow the Amazon S3 Bucket naming rules. Names can only contain lower case letters, numbers, dots (.), and hyphens (-). For region and LocationConstraint, choose the AWS Region closest to your geographical location.

   aws s3api create-bucket --bucket amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket --region us-east-1 \
   --create-bucket-configuration LocationConstraint=us-east-1

   Later in the tutorial, you must create your Lambda function in the same AWS Region as your source bucket, so make a note of the region you chose.

2. Run the following command to create your destination bucket. For the bucket name, you must use amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket-resized, where amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket is the name of the source bucket you created in step 1. For region and LocationConstraint, choose the same AWS Region you used to create your source bucket.

   aws s3api create-bucket --bucket amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket-resized --region us-east-1 \
   --create-bucket-configuration LocationConstraint=us-east-1

To upload a test image to your source bucket (console)

1. Open the Buckets page of the Amazon S3 console.

2. Select the source bucket you created in the previous step.

3. Choose Upload.

4. Choose Add files and use the file selector to choose the object you want to upload.

5. Choose Open, then choose Upload.

To upload a test image to your source bucket (AWS CLI)

• From the directory containing the image you want to upload, run the following CLI command. Replace the --bucket parameter with the name of your source bucket. For the --key and --body parameters, use the filename of your test image.

  aws s3api put-object --bucket amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket --key HappyFace.jpg --body ./HappyFace.jpg

To create the policy (console)

1. Open the Policies page of the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) console.

2. Choose Create policy.

3. Choose the JSON tab, and then paste the following custom policy into the JSON editor.

   {
       "Version": "2012-10-17",
       "Statement": [
           {
               "Effect": "Allow",
               "Action": [
                   "logs:PutLogEvents",
                   "logs:CreateLogGroup",
                   "logs:CreateLogStream"
               ],
               "Resource": "arn:aws:logs:*:*:*"
           },
           {
               "Effect": "Allow",
               "Action": [
                   "s3:GetObject"
               ],
               "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::*/*"
           },
           {
               "Effect": "Allow",
               "Action": [
                   "s3:PutObject"
               ],
               "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::*/*"
           }
       ]
   }

4. Choose Next.

5. Under Policy details, for Policy name, enter LambdaS3Policy.

6. Choose Create policy.

To create the policy (AWS CLI)

1. Save the following JSON in a file named policy.json.

   {
       "Version": "2012-10-17",
       "Statement": [
           {
               "Effect": "Allow",
               "Action": [
                   "logs:PutLogEvents",
                   "logs:CreateLogGroup",
                   "logs:CreateLogStream"
               ],
               "Resource": "arn:aws:logs:*:*:*"
           },
           {
               "Effect": "Allow",
               "Action": [
                   "s3:GetObject"
               ],
               "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::*/*"
           },
           {
               "Effect": "Allow",
               "Action": [
                   "s3:PutObject"
               ],
               "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::*/*"
           }
       ]
   }

2. From the directory you saved the JSON policy document in, run the following CLI command.

   aws iam create-policy --policy-name LambdaS3Policy --policy-document file://policy.json

To create an execution role and attach your permissions policy (console)

1. Open the Roles page of the (IAM) console.

2. Choose Create role.

3. For Trusted entity type, select AWS service, and for Use case, select Lambda.

4. Choose Next.

5. Add the permissions policy you created in the previous step by doing the following:

   1. In the policy search box, enter LambdaS3Policy.

   2. In the search results, select the check box for LambdaS3Policy.

   3. Choose Next.

6. Under Role details, for the Role name enter LambdaS3Role.

7. Choose Create role.

To create an execution role and attach your permissions policy (AWS CLI)

1. Save the following JSON in a file named trust-policy.json. This trust policy allows Lambda to use the role’s permissions by giving the service principal lambda.amazonaws.com permission to call the AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) AssumeRole action.

   {
     "Version": "2012-10-17",
     "Statement": [
       {
         "Effect": "Allow",
         "Principal": {
           "Service": "lambda.amazonaws.com"
         },
         "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
       }
     ]
   }

2. From the directory you saved the JSON trust policy document in, run the following CLI command to create the execution role.

   aws iam create-role --role-name LambdaS3Role --assume-role-policy-document file://trust-policy.json

3. To attach the permissions policy you created in the previous step, run the following CLI command. Replace the AWS account number in the policy’s ARN with your own account number.

   aws iam attach-role-policy --role-name LambdaS3Role --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::123456789012:policy/LambdaS3Policy

To create the deployment package (Node.js)

1. Create a directory named lambda-s3 for your function code and dependencies and navigate into it.

   mkdir lambda-s3
   cd lambda-s3

2. Create a new Node.js project with npm. To accept the default options provided in the interactive experience, press Enter.

   npm init

3. Save the following function code in a file named index.mjs. Make sure to replace us-east-1 with the AWS Region in which you created your own source and destination buckets.

   // dependencies
   import { S3Client, GetObjectCommand, PutObjectCommand } from '@aws-sdk/client-s3';
   
   import { Readable } from 'stream';
   
   import sharp from 'sharp';
   import util from 'util';
   
   
   // create S3 client
   const s3 = new S3Client({region: 'us-east-1'});
   
   // define the handler function
   export const handler = async (event, context) => {
   
   // Read options from the event parameter and get the source bucket
   console.log("Reading options from event:\n", util.inspect(event, {depth: 5}));
     const srcBucket = event.Records[0].s3.bucket.name;
     
   // Object key may have spaces or unicode non-ASCII characters
   const srcKey    = decodeURIComponent(event.Records[0].s3.object.key.replace(/\+/g, " "));
   const dstBucket = srcBucket + "-resized";
   const dstKey    = "resized-" + srcKey;
   
   // Infer the image type from the file suffix
   const typeMatch = srcKey.match(/\.([^.]*)$/);
   if (!typeMatch) {
     console.log("Could not determine the image type.");
     return;
   }
   
   // Check that the image type is supported
   const imageType = typeMatch[1].toLowerCase();
   if (imageType != "jpg" && imageType != "png") {
     console.log(`Unsupported image type: ${imageType}`);
     return;
   }
   
   // Get the image from the source bucket. GetObjectCommand returns a stream.
   try {
     const params = {
       Bucket: srcBucket,
       Key: srcKey
     };
     var response = await s3.send(new GetObjectCommand(params));
     var stream = response.Body;
     
   // Convert stream to buffer to pass to sharp resize function.
     if (stream instanceof Readable) {
       var content_buffer = Buffer.concat(await stream.toArray());
       
     } else {
       throw new Error('Unknown object stream type');
     }
   
   
   } catch (error) {
     console.log(error);
     return;
   }
   
     
   // set thumbnail width. Resize will set the height automatically to maintain aspect ratio.
   const width  = 200;
   
   // Use the sharp module to resize the image and save in a buffer.
   try {    
     var output_buffer = await sharp(content_buffer).resize(width).toBuffer();
   
   } catch (error) {
     console.log(error);
     return;
   }
   
   // Upload the thumbnail image to the destination bucket
   try {
     const destparams = {
       Bucket: dstBucket,
       Key: dstKey,
       Body: output_buffer,
       ContentType: "image"
     };
   
     const putResult = await s3.send(new PutObjectCommand(destparams));
   
     } catch (error) {
       console.log(error);
       return;
     }
   
     console.log('Successfully resized ' + srcBucket + '/' + srcKey +
       ' and uploaded to ' + dstBucket + '/' + dstKey);
     };

4. In your lambda-s3 directory, install the sharp library using npm. Note that the latest version of sharp (0.33) isn't compatible with Lambda. Install version 0.32.6 to complete this tutorial.

   npm install sharp@0.32.6

   The npm install command creates a node_modules directory for your modules. After this step, your directory structure should look like the following.

   lambda-s3
   |- index.mjs
   |- node_modules
   |  |- base64js
   |  |- bl
   |  |- buffer
   ...
   |- package-lock.json
   |- package.json

5. Create a .zip deployment package containing your function code and its dependencies. In MacOS and Linux, run the following command.

   zip -r function.zip .

   In Windows, use your preferred zip utility to create a .zip file. Ensure that your index.mjs, package.json, and package-lock.json files and your node_modules directory are all at the root of your .zip file.

To create the deployment package (Python)

1. Save the example code as a file named lambda_function.py.

   import boto3
   import os
   import sys
   import uuid
   from urllib.parse import unquote_plus
   from PIL import Image
   import PIL.Image
               
   s3_client = boto3.client('s3')
               
   def resize_image(image_path, resized_path):
     with Image.open(image_path) as image:
       image.thumbnail(tuple(x / 2 for x in image.size))
       image.save(resized_path)
               
   def lambda_handler(event, context):
     for record in event['Records']:
       bucket = record['s3']['bucket']['name']
       key = unquote_plus(record['s3']['object']['key'])
       tmpkey = key.replace('/', '')
       download_path = '/tmp/{}{}'.format(uuid.uuid4(), tmpkey)
       upload_path = '/tmp/resized-{}'.format(tmpkey)
       s3_client.download_file(bucket, key, download_path)
       resize_image(download_path, upload_path)
       s3_client.upload_file(upload_path, '{}-resized'.format(bucket), 'resized-{}'.format(key))

2. In the same directory in which you created your lambda_function.py file, create a new directory named package and install the Pillow (PIL) library and the AWS SDK for Python (Boto3). Although the Lambda Python runtime includes a version of the Boto3 SDK, we recommend that you add all of your function's dependencies to your deployment package, even if they are included in the runtime. For more information, see Runtime dependencies in Python.

   mkdir package
   pip install \
   --platform manylinux2014_x86_64 \
   --target=package \
   --implementation cp \
   --python-version 3.12 \
   --only-binary=:all: --upgrade \
   pillow boto3

   The Pillow library contains C/C++ code. By using the --platform manylinux_2014_x86_64 and --only-binary=:all: options, pip will download and install a version of Pillow that contains pre-compiled binaries compatible with the Amazon Linux 2 operating system. This ensures that your deployment package will work in the Lambda execution environment, regardless of the operating system and architecture of your local build machine.

3. Create a .zip file containing your application code and the Pillow and Boto3 libraries. In Linux or MacOS, run the following commands from your command line interface.

   cd package
   zip -r ../lambda_function.zip .
   cd ..
   zip lambda_function.zip lambda_function.py

   In Windows, use your preferred zip tool to create the lambda_function.zip file. Make sure that your lambda_function.py file and the folders containing your dependencies are all at the root of the .zip file.

To create the function (console)

To create your Lambda function using the console, you first create a basic function containing some ‘Hello world’ code. You then replace this code with your own function code by uploading the.zip or JAR file you created in the previous step.

1. Open the Functions page of the Lambda console.

2. Make sure you're working in the same AWS Region you created your Amazon S3 bucket in. You can change your region using the drop-down list at the top of the screen.

   

3. Choose Create function.

4. Choose Author from scratch.

5. Under Basic information, do the following:

   1. For Function name, enter CreateThumbnail.

   2. For Runtime, choose either Node.js 22.x or Python 3.12 according to the language you chose for your function.

   3. For Architecture, choose x86_64.

6. In the Change default execution role tab, do the following:

   1. Expand the tab, then choose Use an existing role.

   2. Select the LambdaS3Role you created earlier.

7. Choose Create function.

To upload the function code (console)

1. In the Code source pane, choose Upload from.

2. Choose .zip file.

3. Choose Upload.

4. In the file selector, select your .zip file and choose Open.

5. Choose Save.

To create the function (AWS CLI)

• Run the CLI command for the language you chose. For the role parameter, make sure to replace 123456789012 with your own AWS account ID. For the region parameter, replace us-east-1 with the region you created your Amazon S3 buckets in.

  • For Node.js, run the following command from the directory containing your function.zip file.

    aws lambda create-function --function-name CreateThumbnail \
    --zip-file fileb://function.zip --handler index.handler --runtime nodejs22.x \
    --timeout 10 --memory-size 1024 \
    --role arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/LambdaS3Role --region us-east-1

  • For Python, run the following command from the directory containing your lambda_function.zip file.

    aws lambda create-function --function-name CreateThumbnail \
    --zip-file fileb://lambda_function.zip --handler lambda_function.lambda_handler \
    --runtime python3.13 --timeout 10 --memory-size 1024 \
    --role arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/LambdaS3Role --region us-east-1

To configure the Amazon S3 trigger (console)

1. Open the Functions page of the Lambda console and choose your function (CreateThumbnail).

2. Choose Add trigger.

3. Select S3.

4. Under Bucket, select your source bucket.

5. Under Event types, select All object create events.

6. Under Recursive invocation, select the check box to acknowledge that using the same Amazon S3 bucket for input and output is not recommended. You can learn more about recursive invocation patterns in Lambda by reading Recursive patterns that cause run-away Lambda functions in Serverless Land.

7. Choose Add.

   When you create a trigger using the Lambda console, Lambda automatically creates a resource based policy to give the service you select permission to invoke your function.

To configure the Amazon S3 trigger (AWS CLI)

1. For your Amazon S3 source bucket to invoke your function when you add an image file, you first need to configure permissions for your function using a resource based policy. A resource-based policy statement gives other AWS services permission to invoke your function. To give Amazon S3 permission to invoke your function, run the following CLI command. Be sure to replace the source-account parameter with your own AWS account ID and to use your own source bucket name.

   aws lambda add-permission --function-name CreateThumbnail \
   --principal s3.amazonaws.com --statement-id s3invoke --action "lambda:InvokeFunction" \
   --source-arn arn:aws:s3:::amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket \
   --source-account 123456789012

   The policy you define with this command allows Amazon S3 to invoke your function only when an action takes place on your source bucket.

   Note

   Although Amazon S3 bucket names are globally unique, when using resource-based policies it is best practice to specify that the bucket must belong to your account. This is because if you delete a bucket, it is possible for another AWS account to create a bucket with the same Amazon Resource Name (ARN).

2. Save the following JSON in a file named notification.json. When applied to your source bucket, this JSON configures the bucket to send a notification to your Lambda function every time a new object is added. Replace the AWS account number and AWS Region in the Lambda function ARN with your own account number and region.

   {
   "LambdaFunctionConfigurations": [
       {
         "Id": "CreateThumbnailEventConfiguration",
         "LambdaFunctionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:123456789012:function:CreateThumbnail",
         "Events": [ "s3:ObjectCreated:Put" ]
       }
     ]
   }

3. Run the following CLI command to apply the notification settings in the JSON file you created to your source bucket. Replace amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket with the name of your own source bucket.

   aws s3api put-bucket-notification-configuration --bucket amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket \
   --notification-configuration file://notification.json

   To learn more about the put-bucket-notification-configuration command and the notification-configuration option, see put-bucket-notification-configuration in the AWS CLI Command Reference.

To test your Lambda function with a dummy event (console)

1. Open the Functions page of the Lambda console and choose your function (CreateThumbnail).

2. Choose the Test tab.

3. To create your test event, in the Test event pane, do the following:

   1. Under Test event action, select Create new event.

   2. For Event name, enter myTestEvent.

   3. For Template, select S3 Put.

   4. Replace the values for the following parameters with your own values.

      • For awsRegion, replace us-east-1 with the AWS Region you created your Amazon S3 buckets in.

      • For name, replace amzn-s3-demo-bucket with the name of your own Amazon S3 source bucket.

      • For key, replace test%2Fkey with the filename of the test object you uploaded to your source bucket in the step Upload a test image to your source bucket.

      {
        "Records": [
          {
            "eventVersion": "2.0",
            "eventSource": "aws:s3",
            "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
            "eventTime": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
            "eventName": "ObjectCreated:Put",
            "userIdentity": {
              "principalId": "EXAMPLE"
            },
            "requestParameters": {
              "sourceIPAddress": "127.0.0.1"
            },
            "responseElements": {
              "x-amz-request-id": "EXAMPLE123456789",
              "x-amz-id-2": "EXAMPLE123/5678abcdefghijklambdaisawesome/mnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGH"
            },
            "s3": {
              "s3SchemaVersion": "1.0",
              "configurationId": "testConfigRule",
              "bucket": {
                "name": "amzn-s3-demo-bucket",
                "ownerIdentity": {
                  "principalId": "EXAMPLE"
                },
                "arn": "arn:aws:s3:::amzn-s3-demo-bucket"
              },
              "object": {
                "key": "test%2Fkey",
                "size": 1024,
                "eTag": "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef",
                "sequencer": "0A1B2C3D4E5F678901"
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }

   5. Choose Save.

4. In the Test event pane, choose Test.

5. To check the your function has created a resized verison of your image and stored it in your target Amazon S3 bucket, do the following:

   1. Open the Buckets page of the Amazon S3 console.

   2. Choose your target bucket and confirm that your resized file is listed in the Objects pane.

To test your Lambda function with a dummy event (AWS CLI)

1. Save the following JSON in a file named dummyS3Event.json. Replace the values for the following parameters with your own values:

   • For awsRegion, replace us-east-1 with the AWS Region you created your Amazon S3 buckets in.

   • For name, replace amzn-s3-demo-bucket with the name of your own Amazon S3 source bucket.

   • For key, replace test%2Fkey with the filename of the test object you uploaded to your source bucket in the step Upload a test image to your source bucket.

   {
     "Records": [
       {
         "eventVersion": "2.0",
         "eventSource": "aws:s3",
         "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
         "eventTime": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
         "eventName": "ObjectCreated:Put",
         "userIdentity": {
           "principalId": "EXAMPLE"
         },
         "requestParameters": {
           "sourceIPAddress": "127.0.0.1"
         },
         "responseElements": {
           "x-amz-request-id": "EXAMPLE123456789",
           "x-amz-id-2": "EXAMPLE123/5678abcdefghijklambdaisawesome/mnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGH"
         },
         "s3": {
           "s3SchemaVersion": "1.0",
           "configurationId": "testConfigRule",
           "bucket": {
             "name": "amzn-s3-demo-bucket",
             "ownerIdentity": {
               "principalId": "EXAMPLE"
             },
             "arn": "arn:aws:s3:::amzn-s3-demo-bucket"
           },
           "object": {
             "key": "test%2Fkey",
             "size": 1024,
             "eTag": "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef",
             "sequencer": "0A1B2C3D4E5F678901"
           }
         }
       }
     ]
   }

2. From the directory you saved your dummyS3Event.json file in, invoke the function by running the following CLI command. This command invokes your Lambda function synchronously by specifying RequestResponse as the value of the invocation-type parameter. To learn more about synchronous and asynchronous invocation, see Invoking Lambda functions.

   aws lambda invoke --function-name CreateThumbnail \
   --invocation-type RequestResponse --cli-binary-format raw-in-base64-out \
   --payload file://dummyS3Event.json outputfile.txt

   The cli-binary-format option is required if you are using version 2 of the AWS CLI. To make this the default setting, run aws configure set cli-binary-format raw-in-base64-out. For more information, see AWS CLI supported global command line options.

3. Verify that your function has created a thumbnail version of your image and saved it to your target Amazon S3 bucket. Run the following CLI command, replacing amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket-resized with the name of your own destination bucket.

   aws s3api list-objects-v2 --bucket amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket-resized

   You should see output similar to the following. The Key parameter shows the filename of your resized image file.

   {
       "Contents": [
           {
               "Key": "resized-HappyFace.jpg",
               "LastModified": "2023-06-06T21:40:07+00:00",
               "ETag": "\"d8ca652ffe83ba6b721ffc20d9d7174a\"",
               "Size": 2633,
               "StorageClass": "STANDARD"
           }
       ]
   }

To test your Lambda function using the Amazon S3 trigger (console)

1. To upload an image to your Amazon S3 bucket, do the following:

   1. Open the Buckets page of the Amazon S3 console and choose your source bucket.

   2. Choose Upload.

   3. Choose Add files and use the file selector to choose the image file you want to upload. Your image object can be any .jpg or .png file.

   4. Choose Open, then choose Upload.

2. Verify that Lambda has saved a resized version of your image file in your target bucket by doing the following:

   1. Navigate back to the Buckets page of the Amazon S3 console and choose your destination bucket.

   2. In the Objects pane, you should now see two resized image files, one from each test of your Lambda function. To download your resized image, select the file, then choose Download.

To test your Lambda function using the Amazon S3 trigger (AWS CLI)

1. From the directory containing the image you want to upload, run the following CLI command. Replace the --bucket parameter with the name of your source bucket. For the --key and --body parameters, use the filename of your test image. Your test image can be any .jpg or .png file.

   aws s3api put-object --bucket amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket --key SmileyFace.jpg --body ./SmileyFace.jpg

2. Verify that your function has created a thumbnail version of your image and saved it to your target Amazon S3 bucket. Run the following CLI command, replacing amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket-resized with the name of your own destination bucket.

   aws s3api list-objects-v2 --bucket amzn-s3-demo-source-bucket-resized

   If your function runs successfully, you’ll see output similar to the following. Your target bucket should now contain two resized files.

   {
       "Contents": [
           {
               "Key": "resized-HappyFace.jpg",
               "LastModified": "2023-06-07T00:15:50+00:00",
               "ETag": "\"7781a43e765a8301713f533d70968a1e\"",
               "Size": 2763,
               "StorageClass": "STANDARD"
           },
           {
               "Key": "resized-SmileyFace.jpg",
               "LastModified": "2023-06-07T00:13:18+00:00",
               "ETag": "\"ca536e5a1b9e32b22cd549e18792cdbc\"",
               "Size": 1245,
               "StorageClass": "STANDARD"
           }
       ]
   }